scholarly journals Are Catastrophic Misinterpretations of Bodily Sensations Typical for Patients with Panic Disorder? An Experimental Study of Patients with Panic Disorder or Other Anxiety Disorders and Healthy Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1106-1115
Author(s):  
Barnabas Ohst ◽  
Brunna Tuschen-Caffier
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Physiological Arousal ◽  
Fear Memory ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Assessment Strategies ◽  
Experimental Group

Abstract Background Research on catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations in patients with a diagnosis of panic disorder has yielded inconsistent findings concerning the question of how typical these misinterpretations are and how this compares with other anxiety disorders. Limitations of assessment strategies concerning catastrophic misinterpretations have been discussed. We assessed catastrophic misinterpretations by activating participants’ fear memory, as has been suggested. Methods Participants in the experimental group (EG) were shown a suspenseful film clip to induce physiological arousal before completing a measure of catastrophic misinterpretation (BSIQ-FR). Skin conductance level (SCL) was used as marker for physiological arousal. Results As expected, the film manipulation led to a significant increase in physiological arousal in the EG compared to the control group (CG) across all disorder groups. ANOVAs did not show significant interactions between factors Group (Panic Disorder, Other Anxiety Disorder, and Healthy Controls) and Condition (EG, CG). However, comparison of means indicated that participants with panic disorder showed more catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations than patients with other anxiety disorders in the EG, but not in the CG. Conclusions The findings indicate that the activation of fear memory via induction of physiological arousal facilitated the measurement of catastrophic misinterpretations, and provide further evidence that catastrophic misinterpretations of bodily sensations are typical for panic disorder.

INECO Frontal Screening: an Instrument to assess Executive Dysfunction in Schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Silva ◽  
Luís Monteiro ◽  
Emanuela Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Test ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Sorting Test ◽  
Experimental Group

AbstractAlthough several brief sensitive screening tools are available to detect executive dysfunction, few have been developed to quickly assess executive functioning. The INECO Frontal Screening (IFS) is a brief tool which has proved be useful for the assessment of the executive functions in patients with dementia. The aim of this study was to explore whether the IFS is as sensitive and specific as the BADS, a battery designed to assess the dysexecutive syndrome, in schizophrenia. Our sample comprised a group of 34 schizophrenic patients (Mean age = 39.59, DP = 10.697) and 31 healthy controls (Mean age = 35.52, DP = 10.211). To all groups were administered the BADS, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and IFS. The results suggest that schizophrenic patients performed significantly worse than the control group in all tests (p < .05). The IFS total score was 13.29 for the experimental group and 26.21 for the control group (p < .001). Considering a cut-off of 14 points, the IFS sensitivity was 100% and specificity 56% in detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia, compared with the BADS, that if we consider a cut-off of 11 points, was a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 50%. Thus, IFS is a brief, sensitive and specific tool for the detection of executive dysfunction in schizophrenia.

The Effects of Video and Nonnegative Social Feedback on Distorted Appraisals of Bodily Sensations and Social Anxiety

2011 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 411-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kanai ◽  
Junwen Chen ◽  
Satoko Sasagawa ◽  
Yuji Sakano
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Video Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Anticipatory Anxiety ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Experimental Group

The effects of video feedback and nonnegative feedback from other people were examined as possibly ameliorating distorted appraisals of bodily sensations, as well as subjective and physiological anxiety in socially anxious individuals. Nonnegative feedback from a confederate emphasized the absence of negative outcomes (e.g., did not seem to tremble) rather than the presence of positive outcomes (e.g., looked calm). Socially anxious students were randomly assigned to either the experimental group, which received video and social feedback ( n = 12), or the control group ( n = 13). Participants were asked to give a videotaped speech twice. After the first speech, the experimental group watched the videotape of their speech and received feedback from a confederate, whereas the control group watched the video of another person's speech. The intervention improved distorted appraisal of bodily sensations and anticipatory anxiety for the experimental group. However, there were no differential effects on anxiety between the groups during speeches.

Patterns of Reassurance Seeking and Reassurance-Related Behaviours in OCD and Anxiety Disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osamu Kobori ◽  
Paul M. Salkovskis
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Reassurance Seeking ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Background: Reassurance seeking is particularly prominent in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and may be important in OCD maintenance. Aims: This study used a new self-report questionnaire to measure the range of manifestations of reassurance-seeking behaviours, describing their sources from which they seek, frequency, process (how they seek), and consequences (as opposed to triggers and motivations). This study also attempts to identify the degree to which reassurance is specific to OCD as opposed to panic disorder. Method: Reassurance Seeking Questionnaire (ReSQ) was administered to 153 individuals with OCD, 50 individuals with panic disorder with/without agoraphobia, and 52 healthy controls. The reliability and validity of the measure was evaluated and found to be satisfactory. Results: Reassurance seeking was found to be more frequent in both anxiety disorders relative to healthy controls. Individuals diagnosed with OCD were found to seek reassurance more intensely and carefully, and were more likely to employ “self-reassurance” than the other two groups. Conclusions: Further investigation of reassurance will enable better understanding of its role in the maintenance of anxiety disorders in general and OCD in particular.

scholarly journals Mitral valve prolapse and anxiety disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alaor S. Filho ◽  
Benedito C. Maciel ◽  
Minna M. D. Romano ◽  
Thiago F. Lascala ◽  
Clarissa Trzesniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Mitral Valve Prolapse ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWe investigated whether there is an association between anxiety disorders and mitral valve prolapse. We compared mitral valve prolapse prevalence in individuals with panic disorder (n = 41), social anxiety disorder (n = 89) and in healthy controls (n = 102) in an attempt to overcome the biases of previous studies. Our results show no associations between panic disorder or social anxiety disorder and mitral valve prolapse, regardless of the diagnostic criteria employed, and that the relationship between these conditions seems not to be clinically relevant.

Romantic Attachment in Patients with Mood and Anxiety Disorders

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 751-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Bernardo Dell'Osso ◽  
Mario Catena Dell'Osso ◽  
Giorgio Consoli ◽  
Alessandro Del Debbio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Attachment ◽  
Anxiety Scale ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders

ABSTRACTIntroductionRomantic attachment is the establishment of a relationship with a partner and is strongly influenced by the individual's attachment style. While several studies have shown that attachment style may contribute to the development of psychopathology, less information is available for romantic attachment.The aim of the present study was to compare romantic attachment styles among patients with different mood and anxiety disorders and control subjects.MethodThe study sample included a total of 126 outpatients, 62 of whom were affected by bipolar disorders, 22 by major depressive disorder (MDD), 27 by panic disorder, 15 by obsessive-compulsive disorder, and 126 healthy control subjects. Romantic attachment was assessed by means of the Italian version of the “Experiences in Close Relationships” (ECR) questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that the secure attachment style was more frequent in the control group, while the preoccupied style prevailed among the patients, with no difference among the diagnostic categories.The scores of the ECR anxiety and avoidance scales were significantly higher in the patients than in the control subjects. A trend toward higher ECR anxiety scale scores in women with panic disorder was detected, with the opposite being true for MDD.ConclusionOur findings indicate that patients with different psychiatric disorders would be characterized by higher scores on both the ECR anxiety and the avoidance scales, as well as by the preoccupied style of attachment. In addition, women with panic disorder and MDD seem to be characterized by, respectively, higher and lower scores of the ECR anxiety scale than men.

scholarly journals The characteristics of eye movements in patients with anxiety disorders during recognition of emotions in facial expressions

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
I.G. Shalaginova ◽  
I.A. Vakoliuk
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Simultaneous Presentation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Pathological Anxiety

Most studies of visual attention in recognizing facial expressions of patients with anxiety disorders are aimed at assessing the differences with simultaneous presentation of “threatening” and “non-threatening” incentives. Thisstudyaimedtotestthehypothesisthatthepathologicalanxietyarethespecificcharacteristics of eye movements for recognition separately placed on facial expressions. Study sample consisted of 23 subjects: the control group (n = 14), mean age 26,5 ± 5,4 years, and the experimental group (n = 9) – patients with anxiety disorders, mean age 31 ± 3.64 years. Eye movements were recorded using eyrtracker RED-m (SMI). Subjects were sequentially exposed to 18 pictures from the FACS database: emotions related (anger, fear, disgust) and unrelated (surprise, joy, sadness) to threat. Deficit in the recognition of facial expressions was found in pathological anxiety group. Recognition accuracy of “fear” emotion in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group (p &lt;0,01). Eyetracking results suggest that pathological anxiety affects the recognition of facial expressions, so that highly informative lower face less attention than normal, as the eye area and nose are observed longer compared with healthy subjects. We discuss the possible adaptive significance of the identified characteristics of eye movements. Footnote. The results of this study were presented at the Seventh International Conference on Cognitive Science (Svetlogorsk, June 2016).

scholarly journals Evaluation of a Group Cue-Exposure Treatment for Opiate Addicts

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mónica Bernaldo de Quirós Aragón ◽  
Francisco J. Labrador ◽  
Fernando de Arce
Keyword(s):  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cue Exposure ◽  
Exposure Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Opiate Addicts ◽  
Cue Exposure Treatment ◽  
Classically Conditioned ◽  
Experimental Group

Twenty-four detoxified opiate addicts were randomized to an experimental group and a control group to evaluate efficacy of a group cue-exposure treatment to reduce or extinguish classically conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli. Assessment included psychophysiological responses (skin temperature, skin conductance level—SCL—, and heart rate) to a videotape and subjective measures (subjective craving, positive and negative affect) before and after the videotape. The experimental group received a group cue-exposure program to drug-related stimuli that comprised twelve treatment sessions administered three times weekly. The treatment program significantly reduced conditioned responses to drug-related stimuli, as measured by SCL and positive affect.

The Effects of an Exercise Program on Anxiety Levels and Metabolic Functions in Patients With Anxiety Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Fen Ma ◽  
Po-Lun Wu ◽  
Chia-Hsien Su ◽  
Tzu-Ching Yang
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Experimental Group

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a home-based (HB) exercise program on anxiety levels and metabolic functions in patients with anxiety disorders in Taiwan. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 86 participants for this randomized, experimental study. Participants were asked to complete a pretest before the 3-month exercise program, a posttest at 1 week, and a follow-up test at 3 months after the exercise program. Study measures included four Self-Report Scales and biophysical assessments to collect and assess personal data, lifestyle behaviors, anxiety levels, and metabolic control functions. Of the 86 study participants, 83 completed the posttest and the 3-month follow-up test, including 41 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group. Participants in the experimental group showed significant improvements in body mass index, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the level of moderate exercise after the program relative to the control group, as analyzed by generalized estimating equations mixed-model repeated measures. State and trait anxiety levels were also significantly improved from pretest to follow-up test in the experimental group. Finally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome declined for participants in the experimental group. The HB exercise program produced positive effects on the metabolic indicators and anxiety levels of Taiwanese adults with anxiety disorders. Health providers should consider using similar HB exercise programs to help improve the mental and physical health of patients with anxiety disorders in their communities.

scholarly journals Behaviorial inhibition and history of childhood anxiety disorders in Brazilian adult patients with panic disorder and social anxiety disorder

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Rassier Isolan ◽  
Cristian Patrick Zeni ◽  
Kelin Mezzomo ◽  
Carolina Blaya ◽  
Leticia Kipper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Social Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Control Group ◽  
History Of Childhood ◽  
History Of

PURPOSE: To evaluate the presence of behavioral inhibition and anxiety disorders during childhood in Brazilian adult patients with panic disorder and social anxiety disorder compared to a control group. METHODS: Fifty patients with panic disorder, 50 patients with social anxiety disorder, and 50 control subjects were included in the study. To assess the history of childhood anxiety, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Age Children, Epidemiologic Version (K-SADS-E), and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents-Parent Version (DICA-P) were used. The presence of behavioral inhibition in childhood was assessed by the self-reported scale of Behavioral Inhibition Retrospective Version (RSRI-30). RESULTS: Patients showed significantly higher prevalence of anxiety disorders and behavioral inhibition in childhood compared to the control group. Patients with social anxiety disorder also showed significantly higher rates of avoidance disorder (46% vs. 18%, p = 0.005), social anxiety disorder (60% vs. 26%, p = 0.001), presence of at least one anxiety disorder (82% vs. 56%, p = 0.009) and global behavioral inhibition (2.89 ± 0.61 vs. 2.46 ± 0.61, p < 0.05) and school/social behavioral inhibition (3.56 ± 0.91 vs. 2.67 ± 0.82, p < 0.05) in childhood compared to patients with panic disorder. CONCLUSION: Our data are in accordance to the literature and corroborates the theory of an anxiety diathesis, suggesting that a history of anxiety disorders in childhood is associated with an anxiety disorder diagnosis, mainly social anxiety disorder, in adulthood.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document