Mechanisms of thermal treatment on two dominant copepod species in O3/BAC processing of drinking water

AbstractPhyllodiaptomus tunguidus and Heliodiaptomus falxus are dominant copepods species in drinking water processing plants in southern China. With a potential penetration risk, the breeding and leakage of copepods are drawing more and more attention in recent years. The current study provided a thermal treatment method to control copepods and their eggs. Results showed that: (1) the immediate death rates of P. tunguidus and H. falxus after heated to 34–40 °C for 5 min are positively correlated to the treatment temperatures (P < 0.01), and all individuals of the both species were eliminated after heated at 40 °C for 5 min; (2) overall hatching rates of P. tunguidus eggs were negatively correlated with treatment temperatures (P < 0.01) between 39–45 °C, with zero percent hatched after treatment at 45 °C for 5 min; (3) hatching rates of H. falxus were negatively correlated with treatment temperatures (P < 0.01) between 37–41 °C, with no nauplii hatched when treated at 41 °C for 5 min; (4) paraffin section histological examination indicated that thermal treatment caused severe damage to internal organs and egg structure. Finally, based on the experimental data, the application of the thermal treatment method was discussed in ozonation combined with biological activated carbon (O3/BAC) processing of drink water treatment.

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Improving the biological stability of drinking water by ion exchange

Water Science & Technology Water Supply ◽

10.2166/ws.2011.016 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 107-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Grefte ◽

M. Dignum ◽

S. A. Baghoth ◽

E. R. Cornelissen ◽

L. C. Rietveld

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Ion Exchange ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Formation Rate ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Biological Stability ◽

Biological Activated Carbon ◽

Pre Treatment

To guarantee a good water quality at the consumer’s tap, natural organic matter (NOM) should be (partly) removed during drinking water treatment. The objective of this research is to measure the effect of NOM removal by ion exchange on the biological stability of drinking water. Experiments were performed in two lanes of the pilot plant of Weesperkarspel in the Netherlands. The lanes consisted of ozonation, softening, biological activated carbon filtration and slow sand filtration. Ion exchange in fluidized form was used as pre-treatment in one lane and removed 50% of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC); the other lane was used as reference. Compared to the reference lane, the assimilable organic carbon (AOC) concentration of the finished water in the lane pretreated by ion exchange was 61% lower. The biofilm formation rate of the finished water was decreased with 70% to 2.0 pg ATP/cm2.day. The achieved concentration of AOC and the values of the biofilm formation rate with ion exchange pre-treatment showed that the biological stability of drinking water can be improved by extending a treatment plant with ion exchange, especially when ozonation is involved as disinfection and oxidation step.

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Influence of Calcination Temperature on Crystal Growth and Optical Characteristics of Eu3+ Doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 Composites Fabricated via Simple Thermal Treatment Method

Crystals ◽

10.3390/cryst11020115 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Suhail Huzaifa Jaafar ◽

Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ◽

Khamirul Amin Matori ◽

Sidek Hj. Ab Aziz ◽

Halimah Mohamed Kamari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Band Gap ◽

Calcination Temperature ◽

Emission Intensity ◽

Emission Spectra ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Absorption Bands ◽

Vis Spectroscopy ◽

Doped Zno ◽

Zno Crystal

This research paper proposes the usage of a simple thermal treatment method to synthesis the pure and Eu3+ doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 based composites which undergo calcination process at different temperatures. The effect of calcination temperatures on the structural, morphological, and optical properties of ZnO/Zn2SiO4 based composites have been studied. The XRD analysis shows the existence of two major phases which are ZnO and Zn2SiO4 crystals and supported by the finding in the FT-IR. The FESEM micrograph further confirms the existence of both ZnO and Zn2SiO4 crystal phases, with progress in the calcination temperature around 700–800 °C which affects the existence of the necking-like shape particle. Absorption humps discovered through UV-Vis spectroscopy revealed that at the higher calcination temperature effects for higher absorption intensity while absorption bands can be seen at below 400 nm with dropping of absorption bands at 370–375 nm. Two types of band gap can be seen from the energy band gap analysis which occurs from ZnO crystal and Zn2SiO4 crystal progress. It is also discovered that for Eu3+ doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 composites, the Zn2SiO4 crystal (5.11–4.71 eV) has a higher band gap compared to the ZnO crystal (3.271–4.07 eV). While, for the photoluminescence study, excited at 400 nm, the emission spectra of Eu3+ doped ZnO/Zn2SiO4 revealed higher emission intensity compared to pure ZnO/Zn2SiO4 with higher calcination temperature exhibit higher emission intensity at 615 nm with 700 °C being the optimum temperature. The emission spectra also show that the calcination temperature contributed to enhancing the emission intensity.

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The effects and roles of PVP on the phase composition, morphology and magnetic properties of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles prepared by thermal treatment method

Fibers and Polymers ◽

10.1007/s12221-012-0831-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 831-836 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mahmoud Goodarz Naseri ◽

Elias B. Saion ◽

Saeed Setayeshi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Phase Composition ◽

Thermal Treatment ◽

Cobalt Ferrite ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Ferrite Nanoparticles ◽

Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles

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Use of a stable carbon isotope to assess the efficiency of a drinking water treatment method with CO2

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.008 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

pp. 983-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Poberžnik ◽

A. Leis ◽

A. Lobnik

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon ◽

Tap Water ◽

Stable Carbon Isotope ◽

Research Work ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Water Supply Systems ◽

Co2 Gas

CO2 gas with a special isotopic signature (δ13C = −35.2‰ vs. VPDB) was used as a marker to evaluate the efficiency of a drinking water treatment method and the effect of an ultrasonic (US) stirrer. This treatment was developed to prevent precipitation and corrosion effects in water–supply systems. The research work was performed using a laboratory-scale pilot plant that was filled with tap water. The stable isotope analyses of δ13C-DIC (Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) in the water samples indicated that the maximum content of added CO2 gas in DIC was in the range of 35 to 45%. The use of the US stirrer during the entire experiment decreased the method's overall efficiency by 10%, due to degassing at a late stage of the experiment but accelerated the dissolution process in the early experimental stage.

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A Modified Thermal Treatment Method for the Up-Scalable Synthesis of Size-Controlled Nanocrystalline Titania

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app6100295 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (10) ◽

pp. 295 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Aysar Keiteb ◽

Elias Saion ◽

Azmi Zakaria ◽

Nayereh Soltani ◽

Nura Abdullahi

Keyword(s):

Thermal Treatment ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Nanocrystalline Titania ◽

Scalable Synthesis ◽

Size Controlled

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Effect of organic acids fed through drinking water on carcass and internal organs of broiler chickens

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v41i1.2681 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 60-67

Author(s):

E. K. Ndelekwute ◽

H. O. Uzegbu ◽

K. U. Amaefule ◽

C. O. Okereke ◽

B. I. Umoh

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Citric Acid ◽

Gall Bladder ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Formic Acid ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Internal Organs ◽

Carcass Yield

A Six week study was carried out to investigate effect of different organic acids (OAs) fed through drinking water on carcass yield and internal organs weight of broiler chickens. The OAs were acetic acid (AA) butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). One hundred and fifty (150) day old AborAcre-plus chicks were used. There were five treatments. Treatment 1 which served as control (CON) consumed water with no organic acid, while treatments 2,3, 4 and5 respectively were offered drinking water treated with 0.25% acetic acid (AA), butyric acid (BA), citric acid (CA) and formic acid (FA). Each treatment was replicated three times each having 10 birds arranged in completely randomized design (CRD). Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Results showed that dressed carcass weight and breast weight were improved by all the organic acids. While only AA positively influenced the thigh weight, all the OAs drinking water fed resulted to smaller drumstick compared to the CON. Feeding of AA, BA and FA through drinking water increased (PSO.05) deposition of abdominal fat. Weight of pancreas, small intestine, caecum and large intestine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in CON. The gall bladder was significantly (P<0.05) bigger in all the OA groups. Conclusively, OAs could be fed through the drinking water for improved percentage carcass yield, breast meat and larger gall bladder and invariably bile volume

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Pesticide removals in the nitrifying expanded-bed filter at drinking water treatment plant

Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE ◽

10.31814/stce.nuce2021-15(1)-01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Nguyet Thi-Minh Dao ◽

The-Anh Nguyen ◽

Viet-Anh Nguyen ◽

Mitsuharu Terashima ◽

Hidenari Yasui

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Activated Carbon ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Water Treatment Plant ◽

Field Analysis ◽

Expanded Bed ◽

Biological Activated Carbon

The occurrence of pesticides even at low concentrations in drinking water sources might induce potential risks to public health. This study aimed to investigate the removal mechanisms of eight pesticides by the nitrifying expanded-bed filter using biological activated carbon media at the pretreatment of a drinking water plant. The field analysis demonstrated that four pesticides Flutolanil, Buprofezin, Chlorpyrifos, and Fenobucard, were removed at 82%, 55%, 54%, and 52% respectively, while others were not significantly removed. Under controlled laboratory conditions with continuous and batch experiments, the adsorption onto the biological activated carbon media was demonstrated to be the main removal pathway of the pesticides. The contribution of microorganisms to the pesticide removals was rather limited. The pesticide removals observed in the field reactor was speculated to be the adsorption on the suspended solids presented in the influent water. The obtained results highlighted the need to apply a more efficient and cost-effective technology to remove the pesticide in the drinking water treatment process. Keywords: biological activated carbon; drinking water treatment; nitrifying expanded-bed filter; pesticide removal.

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Nanomaterials Based Drinking Water Purification: Comparative Study with a Conventional Water Purification Process

Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering ◽

10.3311/ppch.12458 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 96-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Barış Şimşek ◽

İnci Sevgili ◽

Özge Bildi Ceran ◽

Haluk Korucu ◽

Osman Nuri Şara

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Water Treatment ◽

Water Purification ◽

Drinking Water Treatment ◽

Treatment Method ◽

Salmonella Typhi ◽

Liquid Ratio ◽

Solid Liquid

One of the ways of fully securing the presence of fresh water is water treatment process. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology offers an innovative solution for water treatment. In this study, physical, chemical and microbiological improvement rates of raw water were analyzed after filtration with graphene oxide. Graphene oxide's water treatment performance; silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles & graphene oxide composites that are commonly used in water treatment were compared with a traditional treatment method. When compared to the traditional method, there were improvements of 50 %, 40.7 %, 86.8 % and 45.5 % for color, TIC, TOC and hardness properties, respectively in water treatment by GO-based filtration with solid liquid ratio of 0.7 % (v/v). In water treatment with GO-Ag based filtration, 39.8 %, 69.8 %, 10.3 % and 28.6 % of improvements were obtained for TIC, TOC, hardness and LSI value compared to the conventional method. Both GO at 0.7 % (v/v) solid-liquid ratio and GO-Ag nanocomposites were successful in the number of total viable microorganisms and inhibiting microorganisms such as Escherichia coli fecal (gaita-infected), Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomona aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Among the studied parameters GO-Ag nanocomposites found to be the most suitable for drinking water treatment.

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