The INTERPHONE study: design, epidemiological methods, and description of the study population

Aims: The primary aim of the study is to explore different factors affecting parents’ smoking behaviour, and especially how smoking may be connected with individual differences in the psychological process of becoming a parent. In the current paper, we present the study design together with basic information on the study population. Methods: The Central Satakunta Maternity and Child Health Clinic (KESALATU) Study is an ongoing prospective follow-up study in primary healthcare of the Satakunta region of southwest Finland. Families were recruited during their first maternity clinic visit between 1 September 2016 and 31 December 2019, and participation will continue until the child is 1.5 years of age. The study combines different sources and types of data: e.g. routine data obtained from primary healthcare clinic records, specific parental self-report data and data from a new exhaled carbon monoxide meter indicating maternal smoking. The data are collected using frequently repeated assessments both during pregnancy and postnatally. The methods cover the following areas of interest: family background factors (including smoking and alcohol use), self-reported parental–foetal/infant attachment and mentalization, self-reported stress, depression and quality of life. Results: 589 pregnant women and their partners were asked to participate in the study during the collection time period. The final study population consisted of 248 (42.1%) pregnant women and 160 (27.1%) partners. Conclusions: The new methods and study design have the potential to increase our understanding about the link between early parenting psychology, prenatal psychosocial risk factors and parental health behaviour.

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The Mental Health in Austrian Teenagers (MHAT) Study: design, methodology, description of study population

Neuropsychiatrie ◽

10.1007/s40211-018-0273-2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 121-132 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Michael Zeiler ◽

Gudrun Wagner ◽

Julia Philipp ◽

Martina Nitsch ◽

Stefanie Truttmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Study Design ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Study Population

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The Urban Environment and Childhood Asthma (URECA) birth cohort study: design, methods, and study population

BMC Pulmonary Medicine ◽

10.1186/1471-2466-9-17 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

James E Gern ◽

Cynthia M Visness ◽

Peter J Gergen ◽

Robert A Wood ◽

Gordon R Bloomberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Urban Environment ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Study Design ◽

Childhood Asthma ◽

Design Methods ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Cohort Study Design ◽

Study Population

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Switching Antipsychotics to Reduce Metabolic Risk

10.1093/med/9780190625085.003.0043 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Eric Lin ◽

John Cahill

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Clinical Case ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Design Study ◽

Study Population ◽

Clinical Considerations ◽

Location Study ◽

Study Intervention

This chapter provides a summary of the landmark Comparison of Antipsychotics for Metabolic Problems trial on schizophrenia treatment. This trial was designed to help clarify some of the clinical considerations in choosing antipsychotics. Does switching to aripiprazole from olanzapine, quetiapine, or risperidone confer metabolic benefits? Does the switch to aripiprazole cause clinical destabilization? Starting with these questions, it describes the basics of the study, including funding, study location, study population characteristics, how many patients, study design, study intervention, follow-up, endpoints, results, and criticism and limitations. The chapter briefly reviews other relevant studies and information, discusses implications, and concludes with a relevant clinical case.

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Dietary Sodium Intake and Health Indicators: A Systematic Review of Published Literature between January 2015 and December 2019

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/advances/nmaa049 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1174-1200

Author(s):

Katherine J Overwyk ◽

Zerleen S Quader ◽

Joyce Maalouf ◽

Marlana Bates ◽

Jacqui Webster ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Study Design ◽

Systematic Reviews ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Health Indicators ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Future Research ◽

Online Databases ◽

Study Population ◽

Disease Risks

ABSTRACT As the science surrounding population sodium reduction evolves, monitoring and evaluating new studies on intake and health can help increase our understanding of the associated benefits and risks. Here we describe a systematic review of recent studies on sodium intake and health, examine the risk of bias (ROB) of selected studies, and provide direction for future research. Seven online databases were searched monthly from January 2015 to December 2019. We selected human studies that met specified population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time, setting/study design (PICOTS) criteria and abstracted attributes related to the study population, design, intervention, exposure, and outcomes, and evaluated ROB for the subset of studies on sodium intake and cardiovascular disease risks or indicators. Of 41,601 abstracts reviewed, 231 studies were identified that met the PICOTS criteria and ROB was assessed for 54 studies. One hundred and fifty-seven (68%) studies were observational and 161 (70%) focused on the general population. Five types of sodium interventions and a variety of urinary and dietary measurement methods were used to establish and quantify sodium intake. Five observational studies used multiple 24-h urine collections to assess sodium intake. Evidence mainly focused on cardiovascular-related indicators (48%) but encompassed an assortment of outcomes. Studies varied in ROB domains and 87% of studies evaluated were missing information on ≥1 domains. Two or more studies on each of 12 outcomes (e.g., cognition) not previously included in systematic reviews and 9 new studies at low ROB suggest the need for ongoing or updated systematic reviews of evidence on sodium intake and health. Summarizing evidence from assessments on sodium and health outcomes was limited by the various methods used to measure sodium intake and outcomes, as well as lack of details related to study design and conduct. In line with research recommendations identified by the National Academies of Science, future research is needed to identify and standardize methods for measuring sodium intake.

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Teri-CARE study design and baseline characteristics of the full study population: assessing changes in quality of life in teriflunomide-treated patients

10.26226/morressier.5b719e465aff74008ae4ca35 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Guillermo Izquierdo

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Study Design ◽

Full Study ◽

Study Population ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Care Study

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A Random Study to Assess Height, Weight and Bmi of Children Attending Anganwadi Centres in Urban Project Sectors of Trivandram District

Journal of Applied Life Sciences International ◽

10.9734/jalsi/2020/v23i630175 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 48-54

Author(s):

B. Abhina ◽

C. Anitha Chandran

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Study Design ◽

Anthropometric Measurements ◽

Age Group ◽

Study Population ◽

Minimum Height ◽

Recorded Data ◽

Standard Values ◽

Urban Project

Aim: To assess height, weight and BMI (Body Mass Index) of children attending anganwadi centers. Sample: Ninety children attending the anganwadi centers in the age group of two to six years were studied. Study Design: A random study was done to assess anthropometric measurements such as height, weight and BMI of children (2-6 years) attending anganwadi centers in the Urban 2 project areas of Trivandrum district, Kerala. Children were selected randomly from sector 1 and sector 4. Data collected were compared with the standard values to find the disparities. Place of Study: Sectors I and IV in the Urban II project areas of Trivandrum district in Kerala was randomly selected for study. Methodology: Height, weight and Body Mass Index of 90 children were collected and recorded. Data collected were compared with the standard values to find the deviation among the study population. Results: 80% of children attending the anganwadi centers were having greater than minimum height standards. Even though majority of children have a body mass index less than 5th percentile indicating the chances of malnutrition. Conclusion: Children having less than their minimum height and weight requirements requires special attention. Less BMI value indicates the presence of malnutrition and need proper care and attention.

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SPf66 vaccine trial in Brazil: conceptual framework study design and analytical approach

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86821996000300007 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 259-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

M. Urdaneta ◽

A. Prata ◽

C.J. Struchiner ◽

C.E. Tosta ◽

P. Tauil ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

Study Design ◽

Field Trial ◽

Analytical Approach ◽

Vaccine Trial ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Study Population

This paper describes the study population and the study design of the phase III field trial of the SPf66 vaccine in Brazil. Assessment of validity and precision principles necessary for the appropriate evaluation of the protective effect of the vaccine are discussed, as well as the results of the preliminary analyses of the gathered data. The analytical approach for the estimation of the protective effect of the vaccine is presented. This paper provides the conceptual framework for future publications.

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The experiences of mothers and caregivers on feeding practices of children under the age of five years with undernutrition in Oshikoto region, Namibia

International Journal of Healthcare ◽

10.5430/ijh.v4n2p20 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 20

Author(s):

Ester Mulenga ◽

Hans Amukugo ◽

Anna Shilunga

Keyword(s):

Developing Countries ◽

Qualitative Study ◽

Study Design ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Feeding Practices ◽

Age Group ◽

Community Members ◽

Support Programme ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

Study Population

Background: Undernutrition in children under the age of five years is prevalent in the developing countries which increase the risk of morbidity and mortality among such age group. Lack of information related to nutrition and feeding practices as well as other factors such as employment and pressure from family and community members cause mothers and caregivers of children under the age of five years to use inappropriate methods of feeding which contribute to undernutrition.Purpose: The aim of this article is to relate the experiences of mothers and caregivers on feeding practices of children under the age of five years in Oshikoto region, Namibia.Methods: A qualitative study design was utilized to explore and describe the experiences of mothers and caregivers on feeding practices of children under the age of five years. The study population comprised of mothers and caregivers of children diagnosed with undernutrition either severe or moderate, admitted in pediatric units or registered on Nutritional Assessment Counseling and Support programme. A purposive sampling was used to select participants and a total number of fifteen mothers/caregivers were interviewed. The data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Tesch steps.Results: The study revealed that mothers and caregivers experienced lack of information related to nutrition and feeding practices and other contextual constraints which resulted in the utilization of suboptimal feeding practices of children under the age of five years.Conclusions: Due to challenges experienced by mothers and caregivers, they need to be empowered with knowledge on nutrition and feeding practices of children under the age of five years.

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