Biocontrol of bacterial spot on tomato by foliar spray and growth medium application of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Trichoderma asperellum

2020 ◽  
Vol 156 (4) ◽  
pp. 995-1003
Author(s):  
Yi-Chun Chien ◽  
Cheng-Hua Huang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Bacterial Spot

scholarly journals Co-culture of Vel1-overexpressed Trichoderma asperellum and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens: An eco-friendly strategy to hydrolyze the lignocellulose biomass in soil to enrich the soil fertility, plant growth and disease resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valliappan Karuppiah ◽  
Lu Zhixiang ◽  
Hongyi Liu ◽  
Murugappan Vallikkannu ◽  
Jie Chen
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Lignocellulose Biodegradation

Abstract Background Retention of agricultural bio-mass residues without proper treatment could affect the subsequent plant growth. In the present investigation, the co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens has been employed for multiple benefits including the enrichment of lignocellulose biodegradation, plant growth, defense potential and disease resistance. Results The Vel1 gene predominantly regulates the secondary metabolites, sexual and asexual development as well as cellulases and polysaccharide hydrolases productions. Overexpression mutant of the Trichoderma asperellum Vel1 locus (TA OE-Vel1) enhanced the activity of FPAase, CMCase, PNPCase, PNPGase, xylanase I, and xylanase II through the regulation of transcription regulating factors and the activation of cellulase and xylanase encoding genes. Further, these genes were induced upon co-cultivation with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (BA). The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA produced the best composition of enzymes and the highest biomass hydrolysis yield of 89.56 ± 0.61%. The co-culture of TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the corn stover degradation by the secretion of cellulolytic enzymes and maintained the C/N ratio of the corn stover amended soil. Moreover, the TA OE-Vel1 + BA increased the maize plant growth, expression of defense gene and disease resistance against Fusarium verticillioides and Cohilohorus herostrophus. Conclusion The co-cultivation of genetically engineered T. asperellum and B. amyloliquefaciens could be utilized as a profound and meaningful technique for the retention of agro residues and subsequent plant growth.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Biological Control of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (s1) ◽  
pp. 15-17
Author(s):  
Jacek Nawrocki ◽  
Anna Pogodzińska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
First Year ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Pythium Oligandrum ◽  
Second Year

Abstract In two-year field experiments (2014 and 2015), the effect of used preparations on health status of leaves and roots and bulbs on two cultivars of garlic: ‘Arkus’ and ‘Garpek’ was studied. During investigations: Polyversum WP (Pythium oligandrum), Trifender WP (Trichoderma asperellum) and RhizoVital 42 (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) and standard fungicide Topsin M 500 SC (tiophanate methyl) were used. Unprotected plants presented control. The obtained results showed that in the first year of the studies, all the tested formulations effectively protected the roots and bulbs of garlic against rot, except RhizoVital 42 for ‘Arkus’ variety and Trifender WP for cultivar ‘Garpek’. In 2015, all tested preparations, without exception, limited root rot and the rot of basal part of bulbs both cultivars of garlic. The applied biological preparations had no significant effect on health of the leaves of garlic in 2014 and in 2015 for cultivar ‘Garpek’, while in the second year of studies, all the tested formulations effectively limited the dieback of leaves of the garlic cultivar ‘Arkus’.

scholarly journals Gibberellic Acid Reverses Effects of Excess Paclobutrazol on Geranium

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growth Suppression

Paclobutrazol (PBZ) was applied to `Mustang' geranium (Pelargonium × hortorum L.H. Bailey) as a single growth-medium drench at 0.06 mg a.i./pot or as a single foliar spray at 100 mg·liter-l when the plants had three to four expanded true leaves (34 days after sowing). At these rates, PBZ caused excessive growth suppression but plants flowered earlier than untreated controls. A single foliar spray of gibberellic acid (GA) at 100 mg·liter-l applied 0 (same day), 7, 14, or 21 days after PBZ reversed the growth suppression caused by PBZ. Plants treated with GA30 or 7 days after PBZ were as tall or taller and flowered at the same time as or later than the untreated (no PBZ, no GA3) controls. Plants treated with GA, 14 or 21 days after PBZ were shorter and flowered earlier than untreated controls but were taller than plants treated with PBZ alone. Response to GA3 was similar whether PBZ was applied as a drench or as a spray. Chemical name used: (+)-(R*,R*)-β([4-chlorophenyl]methyl)-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1 H -1,2,4-triazole-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

scholarly journals Effect of Glucose on Endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase Production by Fungi Isolated in Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ririn Krisnawati ◽  
Sardjono ◽  
Jaka Widada ◽  
Dian Anggraini Suroto ◽  
Muhammad Nur Cahyanto
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Carbon Catabolite Repression ◽  
The Other ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Aspergillus Aculeatus ◽  
Xylanase Production ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Xylanases are widely produced by fungi, and the production of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, in general, are usually subjected to carbon catabolite repression. In this work, the ability of several Indonesian indigenous fungi to produce endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase and their responses to glucose as a repressor were determined. Ten fungi were grown in a liquid medium supplemented with glucose as the repressor (0, 1%, 3%, and 5%), and the endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase productions were assayed. Aspergillus aculeatus FIG1 and A. oryzae KKB4 produced 3.85 and 0.70 U/mL of endo-xylanase, respectively, compared with other strains (0.22 U/mL or less). Trichoderma asperellum PK1J2, T. virens MLT2J2, A. aculeatus FIG1, T. asperellum MLT5J1, A. oryzae KKB4, and T. asperellum MLT3J2 produced 0.021–0.065 U/mL of β-xylosidase, whereas the other strains produced 0.013 U/mL or less of β-xylosidase. Adding 1% glucose to the growth medium can partially repress endo-xylanase production in A. aculeatus FIG1, T. asperellum PK1J2, and T. virens MLT4J1 and completely repress other strains. By adding 1% glucose, strains FIG1, PK1J2, and MLT4J1 suffered almost complete repression of β-xylosidase production, although such strains exhibited partial repression of endo-xylanase production. β-Xylosidase produced by the other strains showed complete repression by adding 1% glucose, except for A. aculeatus FIG1, A. tamarii FNCC 6151, and T. asperellum MLT1J1, which showed partial repression. Therefore, adding 3% glucose to the growth medium can result in complete repression of endo-xylanase and β-xylosidase productions in all strains examined.

scholarly journals Effects of Rate and Repeat Application of Flurprimidol on the Growth of Photinia × fraseri and Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’

1988 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
Adolph J. Laiche
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Leaf Distortion ◽  
Test Plants

Flurprimidol, α-(1-Methylethyl)-α-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-5-pyrimidine-methanol, was applied to three month plants of Photinia × fraseri in 5.6 L (6 qt) containers and Ilex crenata ‘Compacta’ in 2.8 L (3 qt) containers as foliar sprays at 0, 33, 66, 132, 264, 528, 1056, 2112, 4224, and 8448 ppnl. Growth-medium drench applications with flurprimidol were applied at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, and 512 ppm solution, 0.5 L (17 oz) per 5.6 L (6 qt) container to Photinia. The initial foliar spray treatments and the growth medium drench treatments were applied on July 14, 1983. All test plants were planted in soil on December 9, 1983. Foliar spray treatments were repeated on July 19, 1985. Flurprimidol at low concentrations as a spray and drench substantially reduced plant size with little or no phytotoxicity. Duration of growth suppression increased as rate increased. Flurprimidol at low rates reduced growth for the remainder of the growing season in which it was applied. At higher rates growth was also reduced in the following growing season. Minor leaf distortion of smaller leaves was obtained at low rates and leaf distortion appeared to increase slightly at higher rates. Shoot growth after the effects of flurprimidol were no longer apparent appeared normal. Results indicate that flurprimidol alone and in conjunction with pruning can be helpful in maintaining woody landscape plants to a desirable size.

scholarly journals Glyceolin and phaseolin induction in soybean and beans as a function of biocontrol agents application

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Marilia Gervásio da Costa Ferreira ◽  
Neilson De Oliveira Borges ◽  
Ricardo Francischini ◽  
Jair Pereira de Melo Júnior ◽  
Antônio Jussiê Da Silva Solino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Soybean Plants

Induction of plant resistance is a tool that can be incorporated into the integrated management of diseases of cultivated plants. In this way, this work aims to evaluate the elicitor action of biocontrol agents in the induction of glyceolin. In this study were used concentrations about 0; 0.5; 1; 1.5 and 2% diluted in water; spore suspension of Trichoderma asperellum BV10, Bacillus subtilis BV02 and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV03 microorganisms. To determine the glyceolin, cotyledons were grown in sand, weighed and cut in longitudinal section on the lower surface. Subsequently, these were deposited 50 μL of the concentrations in the cuts and the extraction performed in H2O and concentration determined by absorbance at wavelength 285nm. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and compared by the regression test (p <0.05). When measuring the glyceolin in soybean cotyledons, there was an increase in the accumulation of this phytoalexins as the concentration of B. subtilis BV02 cells increased. The 4% concentration of B. subtilis BV02 promoted 237% more glyceolin accumulation in soybean cotyledons than the control. The accumulation of glyceolin was increased as the concentration of T. asperellum BV10 cells increased, so that 4% concentration promoted 228% more glycerol accumulation than the control. Increasing the concentration of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BV03 cells increased the accumulation of this phytoalexins. The 4% concentration promoted 129% more accumulation of glycerol in soybean cotyledons than the control. The microorganisms T. asperellum, B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens are indicated as activators of resistance mechanisms of soybean plants.

scholarly journals Resposta da Fisális (Physalis peruviana L.) à inoculação e coinoculação de microrganismos promotores de crescimento de plantas

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 915-932
Author(s):  
Felix Cidade do Prado ◽  
Rodrigo Ferraz Ramos ◽  
Eloi Evandro Delazeri ◽  
Cristiano Bellé ◽  
Daniel Joner Daroit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Azospirillum Brasilense ◽  
Trichoderma Asperellum ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Physalis Peruviana

Objetivou-se avaliar a resposta de Physalis peruviana L. frente à inoculação e coinoculação de diferentes microrganismos promotores de crescimento de planta (MPCP) em condição de campo. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados, sendo quatro blocos e oito tratamentos. Os tratamentos do experimento referem-se à inoculação individual de Azospirillum brasilense (A), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (B) e Trichoderma asperellum (T), diferentes combinações com esses MPCPs (T+B; T+A; B+A e T+A+B) e um tratamento controle (C). Aos 15 dias após o transplantio das mudas (DAT) avaliou-se os índices SPAD de clorofilas (Chl a, Chl b e Chl total) e aos 50 e 150 DAT avaliou-se a altura da parte aérea (APA). Os frutos foram colhidos aos 75 DAT até 120 DAT, sendo determinado o número de frutos por planta (NFP) e a massa média de frutos (MF). Amostras dos frutos foram submetidas a análises físico-químicas, com determinação de luminosidade (L*), cromaticidade (c*) e coloração externa (ºhue) dos frutos. Aos 270 DAT determinou-se a biomassa fresca da parte aérea (BFPA) e biomassa seca da parte aérea (BSPA). Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para as variáveis analisadas. As coinoculações de B+A e A+T apresentam as maiores médias para Chl a, enquanto que a combinação de T+A+B apresentou maiores médias para Chl total, ambos diferindo estatisticamente da inoculação de A. brasilense. Para a variável ºhue os tratamentos A, B e T+B apresentaram as menores médias, resultando melhor aspecto visual da coloração de frutos.

scholarly journals Effect of Growth Retardants on Production of Containerized `Barbara Karst' Bougainvillea

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 679b-679
Author(s):  
James H. Aldrich ◽  
Jeffrey G. Norcini
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Growth Retardants ◽  
Bacterial Spot ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Soilless Substrate ◽  
Bougainvillea Glabra

The effect of four PGRs on production of `Barbara Karst' bougainvillea [Bougainvillea × buttiana (Bougainvillea glabra Choicy × Bougainvillea peruviana Humb. & Bonpl.) was determined. Liners were transplanted into 3.8-L containers with a soilless substrate on 6 Apr. 1995 and were pruned on 15 May (mean height and width 23.6 and 34.5 cm, respectively). Uniconazole (10 ppm), maleic hydrazide (2808 ppm), daminozide (5000 ppm), and paclobutrazol (50, 100, or 200 ppm) were applied as a foliar spray (to wet) by a compressed air backpack sprayer on 16 May (0 weeks after treatment [WAT]). Daminozide (5000 ppm) was reapplied 31 May and 13 June as described above. Soil drenches of 5, 10, or 20 ppm paclobutrazol were additional treatments. Two nonPGR-treated controls were included: pruned at 0 WAT, and pruned at 0 and 4 WAT. There were eight replications per treatment placed in a randomized complete block design on a container bed under full sun and drip irrigation. At 6, 9, and 12 WAT, growth, flowering, growth habit, number of structural branches (>15 cm long), and level of bacterial spot infection by Pseudomonas andropogonis were recorded. Marketability was recorded 12 WAT and phytotoxicity noted 1, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 12 WAT. No PGR treatment effectively suppressed growth, or enhanced quality or marketability of `Barbara Karst' bougainvillea grown in 3.8-L containers. Furthermore, daminozide reduced the number of structural branches and maleic hydrazide was phytotoxic.

Separation and characterization of an α-glucosidase and maltase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 670-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. Fogarty ◽  
Catherine T. Kelly ◽  
Sunil K. Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Isoelectric Point ◽  
Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens ◽  
Ion Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Ph Optimum

A novel α-glucosidase and a maltase were isolated from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The formation of both enzymes was induced by trehalose, sucrose, or lactose in the growth medium. Trehalose is by far the most efficient inducer of both systems. The α-glucosidase and maltase were separated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE Bio-Gel A. Purified α-glucosidase hydrolysed p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside, isomaltose, and isomaltotriose but sucrose, maltose, or related saccharides were not attacked. β-Glucosides and polymeric glucosides were not degraded. The optimum temperature for α-glucosidase activity was 40 °C and its pH optimum was 5.3. The molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI) of the enzyme were 27 000 and 4.6, respectively. Purified maltase attacked maltose and sucrose, while maltotriose and melezitose were hydrolysed at slower rates and p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside was not degraded. Other properties of the maltase were as follows: optimum temperature for activity, 30 °C; pH optimum, 6.5; molecular weight, 64 000; and pI, 4.7.

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