scholarly journals Population and Climate Change: Consensus and Dissensus among Demographers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrik P. van Dalen ◽  
Kène Henkens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Family Planning ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Crucial Difference ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population

AbstractWhat role does population play in thinking about the problem of climate change and some of its solutions? In a survey conducted between February and April 2020, we asked European demographers to state their views on the relationship between climate change and population developments, and asked them to rate their concern about climate change and other socio-demographic issues. We found that climate change is at the top of the list of demographers’ concerns, but that their sense of urgency with respect to taking action to redress global warming is not matched by their belief that population policy can make a crucial difference in reducing CO2 emissions: demographers are highly divided on the question whether the global population size should be reduced to lower CO2 emissions, as well as on the question whether family planning is an effective policy instrument.

Global Health and International Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 216-235
Author(s):  
Andrew Harmer ◽  
Jonathan Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Economic System ◽  
International Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population

This chapter explores the relationship between international development and global health. Contrary to the view that development implies ‘good change’, this chapter argues that the discourse of development masks the destructive and exploitative practices of wealthy countries at the expense of poorer ones. These practices, and the unregulated capitalist economic system that they are part of, have created massive inequalities between and within countries, and potentially catastrophic climate change. Both of these outcomes are detrimental to global health and the millennium development goals and sustainable development goals do not challenge these dynamics. While the Sustainable Development Goals acknowledge that inequality and climate change are serious threats to the future of humanity, they fail to address the economic system that created them. Notwithstanding, it is possible that the enormity and proximity of the threat posed by inequality and global warming will energise a counter movement to create what Kate Raworth terms ‘an ecologically safe and socially just space’ for the global population while there is still time.

scholarly journals Model Cities for Resilience: Climate-led Initiatives

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Didem Gunes Yilmaz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Sustainable Cities ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Urban Water Management ◽  
Model Cities ◽  
Taking Action ◽  
Change Mitigation

Paris Agreement of December 2015 was the last official initiative led by the United Nations (UN) as the driver of climate change mitigation. Climate change was hence linked with an increase in the occurrence of natural hazards. A variety of initiatives were consequently adopted under different themes such as sustainable cities, climate-friendly development and low-carbon cities. However, most of the initiatives targeted by global cities with urban areas being the focus in terms of taking action against global warming issues. This is due to the structural and environmental features of cities characterized by being populated, as such, they not only generate a large number of carbon emissions but also happens to be the biggest consumer of natural resources. In turn, they create a microclimate, which contributes to climate change. Masdar City, for example, was designed as the first fully sustainable urban area, which replaced fuel-based energy with the electric-based energy. China, as another example, introduced the Sponge Cities action, a method of urban water management to mitigate against flooding. Consequently, architects and urban planners are urged to conform to the proposals that would mitigate global warming. This paper, as a result, examines some of the models that have been internationally adopted and thereafter provide the recommendations that can be implemented in large urban areas in Turkey, primarily in Istanbul.

Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Resource Curse

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jędrzej George Frynas
Keyword(s):  
Resource Curse ◽  
Policy Instrument ◽  
Fiscal Rules ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Resource Wealth ◽  
Natural Resource Wealth ◽  
The Relationship

Historically, a key purpose of sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) has been to help manage and minimize a range of negative economic and political consequences of natural resource wealth, often lumped together as the “resource curse.” This chapter asks to what extent SWFs—specifically “resource funds”—can mitigate the resource curse. It discusses the available empirical evidence for the effectiveness of resource funds as well as the relationship between societal governance and the effectiveness of resource funds. The available findings suggest that wider societal governance is of significantly greater importance for tackling the resource curse than the existence of a resource fund. Bad governance in a country prevents even the most transparent and robust resource funds from becoming an effective policy instrument. Conversely, resource funds can be successful in countries with effective societal institutions such as sound fiscal rules, good quality of government budget documentation, free civil society and independent media.

scholarly journals The miner and the activist: an Australian parable for our carbon constrained world

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Arvanitakis ◽  
Spike Boydell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Effective Policy ◽  
Is Value

This paper reviews the meaning of carbon by applying five broad questions to this controversial substance: what is land; what is property; what is ownership; what is value; and what are property rights? By exploring each of these questions, we aim to show that a multidimensional and complex understanding is required for effective policy discussions to confront the challenge of global warming. We engage the perspective of a miner and an environmental activist to illustrate the tensions relating to carbon pollution in an era of climate change, and in so doing we offer a parable for our carbon constrained world. We conclude by considering the implications of property rights for carbon for polluters, governments, people as individuals with a right to breathe clean air, as well as the global commons and other species.Key Words: Carbon, pollution, land, ownership, property rights, value

scholarly journals The influence of temperature on #ClimateChange and #GlobalWarming discourses on Twitter

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. A01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara K. Yeo ◽  
Zachary Handlos ◽  
Alexandra Karambelas ◽  
Leona Yi-Fan Su ◽  
Kathleen M. Rose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Temperature Records ◽  
Learning Software ◽  
Different Content ◽  
The Relationship

Research suggests non-experts associate different content with the terms “global warming” and “climate change.” We test this claim with Twitter content using supervised learning software to categorize tweets by topic and explore differences between content using “global warming” and “climate change” between 1 January 2012 and 31 March 2014. Twitter data were combined with temperature records to observe the extent to which temperature was associated with Twitter discussions. We then used two case studies to examine the relationship between extreme temperature events and Twitter content. Our findings underscore the importance of considering climate change communication on social media.

scholarly journals The relationship of mean temperature and 9 collected butterfly species’ wingspan as the response of global warming

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumi Na ◽  
Eunyoung Lee ◽  
Hyunjung Kim ◽  
Seiwoong Choi ◽  
Hoonbok Yi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Pieris Rapae ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Butterfly Wing ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Organism body size is a basic characteristic in ecology; it is related to temperature according to temperature-size rule. Butterflies are affected in various aspects by climate change because they are sensitive to temperature. Therefore, this study was conducted to understand the effect of an increase in temperature due to global warming on the wing of butterflies. Results A total of 671 butterflies belonging to 9 species were collected from 1990 to 2016 in Seoul (336 specimens) and Mokpo (335 specimens). Consequently, as the mean temperature increased, the wing length of the species increased. However, there are exceptions that the Parnassius stubbendorfii, Pieridae canidia, and Pieris rapae wing length of Seoul increased, but the butterfly wing length of Mokpo decreased. Conclusions The positive correlations between the butterfly wing length and mean temperature showed that the change of mean temperature for about 26 years affects the wing length of butterfly species. The exception is deemed to have been influenced by the limited research environment, and further studies are needed. We would expect that it can be provided as basic data for studying effect of climate change.

scholarly journals The analysis of the relationship between CO2 level and economic growth

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Szira Zoltán ◽  
Bárdos Kinga Ilona ◽  
Alghamdi Hani ◽  
Enkhjav Tumentsetseg ◽  
Erika Varga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

2019 was Earth's second warmest year since 1850. In 2019 the global mean temperature was cooler than in 2016, but warmer than any other year explicitly measured. Consequently, 2016 is still the warmest year in historical observation history. Year-to-year rankings are likely to reflect natural fluctuations in the short term, but the overall pattern remains consistent with a long-term global warming trend. This would be predicted from global warming caused by greenhouse gases, temperature increase across the globe is broadly spread, impacting almost all areas of land and oceans. Climate change" and "global warming" are often used interchangeably but are of distinct significance. Global warming is the long-term heating of the Earth's climate system observed since the pre-industrial period as a result of human activities, mainly the combustion of fossil fuel, which raises the heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels in the Earth's air. The term is often used interchangeably with the term climate change, as the latter applies to warming caused both humanly and naturally, and the impact it has on our planet. This is most generally calculated as the average increase in global surface temperature on Earth. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the main reasons for global warming. Since the Industrial Revolution, human sources of carbon dioxide emissions have been growing. Human activities such as the burning of oil, coal and gas, as well as deforestation are the primary cause of the increased carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. In our research, let’s examine the relationship between the amount of carbon dioxide emissions and the GDP/capita in developed and developing countries.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Small Island Developing States

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adelle Thomas ◽  
April Baptiste ◽  
Rosanne Martyr-Koller ◽  
Patrick Pringle ◽  
Kevon Rhiney
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Small Island Developing States ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Loss And Damage ◽  
The Relationship

Despite their heterogeneity, small island developing states (SIDS) are recognized as being particularly at risk to climate change, and, as they share numerous common traits, the United Nations recognizes them as a special group. SIDS have been quite vocal in calling attention to the challenges they face from climate change and advocating for greater international ambition to limit global warming. Here, we unpack factors that are helpful in understanding the relationship between climate change and SIDS through a review of studies that span disciplines and methodologies. We assess patterns of hazards, exposure, and vulnerability; impacts and risks; awareness and knowledge; adaptation planning and implementation; mitigation; loss and damage; and climate justice to provide an overarching review of literature on climate change and SIDS.

scholarly journals Investigation of monthly and seasonal changes of methane gas with respect to climate change using satellite data

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safieh Javadinejad ◽  
Saied Eslamian ◽  
Kaveh Ostad-Ali-Askari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Satellite Data ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Methane Gas ◽  
Current Century ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Climate change and global warming are the biggest challenges in the current century. Methane gas is one of the most important greenhouse gases which can contribute to creating warming weather (about 19%). In this research, satellite data from GOSAT and MODIS and also climatic data of precipitation, temperature and humidity are used to analyze monthly and seasonal methane changes in 2012 to 2018 in North America. The results show that the methane gas has increased during this period and it increases from 1789 to 1824 ppb. The gas has monthly fluctuation and in October and September has the maximum concentration and in March and April has the minimum value. The relationship between the methane gas and temperature and LST is positive, and the relationship between the methane gas and NDVI, precipitation and humidity is negative. This verifies that the increase in methane concentration has significant relationship with low vegetation cover and high temperature. Therefore, conservation of vegetation cover can help to reduce the methane concentration.

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