Genetic enhancement of Dubraj, a specialty rice through pedigree approach employing marker based selection for plant stature, aroma and grain quality

Euphytica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 205 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-669
Author(s):  
A. Patnaik ◽  
P. S. Roy ◽  
G. J. N. Rao ◽  
S. S. C. Patnaik ◽  
S. G. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Plant Stature ◽  
Pedigree Approach

Breeding improved rice cultivars for temperate regions: a case study

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS McKenzie ◽  
CW Johnson ◽  
ST Tseng ◽  
JJ Oster ◽  
DM Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Rice Water

An accelerated rice-breeding program was initiated in 1969 at the California Rice Experiment Station. The program is broad in scope, developing cultivars in all US market classes (long, medium, and short grains) and special purpose types (waxy and aromatics). This grower-funded rice-breeding program has released 27 new cultivars as well as improved germplasm lines. Statewide paddy rice yields have risen from 6.2 to 9.3 t/ha since 1978. The incorporation of semi-dwarfing genes, earlier maturity, and increased yield potential have contributed significantly to increases in grain yield. High experimental yields (>I1 t/ha) are routine and achieving increased increments of yield will become more difficult. After the initial shift to semi-dwarf cultivars, increasing efforts were directed toward improving adaptation to environmental stresses and grain quality. Screening and selection for cold tolerance in the form of seedling vigour for water seeding and resistance to cool temperature induced sterility at the reproductive stage are integral parts of the rice-breeding program. Progress is being made on incorporation into California rice cultivars of resistance to stem rot (Sclerotiurn oryzae Cattaneo) and aggregate sheath spot [Rhizoctonia oryzae-sativae (Swada) Mordue] from wild species and tolerance to rice water weevil (Lissorhoptus oryzophilus Kuschel). New restrictions and regulations of agronomic management practices may negatively impact rice production, creating problems in stand establishment, soil fertility, and weed, disease, and insect control. Breeding efforts to help minimise the adverse effect of these restrictions on yield and quality will increase in the future. Increased emphasis is being placed on improving milling yield and cooking and processing characteristics, and new laboratory methods are being explored to aid in evaluation and selection for grain quality.

Early generation selection in wheat. II. Grain quality

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
RA Fischer ◽  
L O'Brien ◽  
KJ Quail
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Fermentation Time ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Selection For

In order to test early-generation selection for grain quality, random F1-derived progeny from a multiple convergent cross of 16 high-yielding bread wheats were grown in F3 generation, along with the parents, as spaced plants in a glasshouse under optimal conditions. Progeny lines were then advanced without selection to F7 when 58 random lines were sown with the parents in a replicated yield experiment at Griffith under irrigation and optimal management. Small-scale grain quality tests were performed on grain from the F3 plants, the F7 plots and the parents. The tests comprised particle size index (PSI), grain and flour protein content (GP, FP), sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation volume (SDS), Pelshenke wheatmeal fermentation time (PEL) and flour milling yield (MY).There were significant genotypic effects for all quality traits in each generation. Phenotypic correlations in F3 and in F7 showed positive correlations between protein content and SDS and PEL, and in F7 a strong negative correlation between grain yield and grain quality (GP, FP, SDS, PEL). Across generations (F3 versus F7), the relationship was strong for PSI, moderate for SDS and PEL, but nonsignificant for the other traits.The realized heritability was high for PSI (77%), moderate for SDS (44%) and PEL (47%), but low (18-24%) in the other cases. Selection at an intensity of 26% for the first three mentioned traits did not significantly change grain yield, plant height or flowering date, although for GP and FP it did lower grain yield by 7%. Desirable quality types were defined within the three hardness (PSI) classes, namely, hard, intermediate, and soft (gluten type not biscuit type). Retrospective selection in F3 for desirable types significantly and markedly increased the frequency of desirable types in each class by three- to eight-fold. It is concluded that in wheat early generation selection for PSI, SDS and PEL, even when practised upon glasshouse-grown plants, gives useful progress without prejudicing grain yield.

Effectiveness of breeding selection for grain quality in common bean

Crop Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Polianna Alves Silva Dias ◽  
Danilo Valente Almeida ◽  
Patrícia Guimarães Santos Melo ◽  
Helton Santos Pereira ◽  
Leonardo Cunha Melo
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Breeding Selection ◽  
Selection For

Genetic Enhancement of Yield Traits in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): An Analysis of Selection in Early Segregating Generations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.S. Patil ◽  
C. Bharadwaj ◽  
A.G. Vijaykumar
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Seed Traits ◽  
Cicer Arietinum L ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Range Of Variation

Background: Indirect selection for yield contributing traits in segregating generation is practiced to realize the potential yields. However, the effectiveness of selection either in early or late segregating generation is a debatable issue in self pollinated crops. The issue is addressed in chickpea by analyzing four segregating generations of a cross in the same season. Method: A bold seeded desi chickpea variety BGD 103 crossed with JAKI 9218. The segregating generations were advanced up to F5 without selection and retaining part of the seeds in each generation. The populations comprised of 162 F­2 plants, 162 F3, F4 and F5 progeny rows were evaluated during rabi 2018-19. The observations on seed traits were recorded and data was subjected to statistical analyses to estimate correlation among the traits in each generations, inter-generation correlation and heritability.Result: The range of variation for the traits narrowed with advancement of the generations. The heritability decreased for seed weight, increased for number of pods per plant and number of seeds per plant with the advancement of generation. In all the four generations, seed yields were associated with number of pods per plant, seeds per plant and seed weight. The change in association among seed traits different generations and estimates of inter-generation correlations suggest that simultaneous improvement of seed weight, seed number and seed yield could be achieved by selection in F3 and F4 generations.

scholarly journals Trends in breeding oat for nutritional grain quality - An overview

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 904-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asima Gazal ◽  
Z. A. Dar ◽  
Gul Zaffar ◽  
A. A. Lone ◽  
I. Abidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Local Germplasm

Oat is an economically important crop and ranks sixth in world cereal production after maize, wheat, rice, barley and sorghum. It has been primarily utilized as livestock feed. However, the utilization of oats for human consumption has increased progressively, owing to its dietary and health benefits which relies mainly on the total dietary fibre and β-glucan content, which significantly reduces postprandial blood glucose, insulin and blood lipids, especially serum total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Henceforth, enhancing Oat b-glucan content forhuman consumption is desirable. As it is a polygenic trait controlled mainly by genes with additive effects, phenotypic selection for greater b-glucan content would be effective for developing cultivars with elevated b-glucan contents. Oat b-glucan concentration has been found to be positively correlated with protein content and negatively correlated with oil content. β-glucan yield (i.e., Product of grain yield and β-glucan content) has been found to correlate positively with both grain yield (r = 0.92) and β-glucan content (r = 0.66). Hence, this nutritional oat grain quality has been improved through selection for improved grain yield as they both increase simultaneously. Among wild accessions, A. atlantica genotypes have high β-glucan content (2·2–11·3%) and have been used in breeding programmes for increasing the β-glucan content of adapted elite local germplasm. Besides conventional breeding approaches, molecular breeding approaches have made possible to identify several molecular markers linked to β-glucan rich regions across oat genome hence enabling mapping and dissection of β-glucan rich genomic regions and accelerating the improvement in nutritional grain quality.

Grain quality of flooded rice is affected by season, nitrogen rate, and plant type

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Borrell ◽  
A. L. Garside ◽  
S. Fukai ◽  
D. J. Reid
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Alkali Digestion

Quality of grain, next to yield, is the most important factor for rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in semi-arid tropical Australia. Studies were undertaken in the Burdekin River Irrigation Area of northern Australia to improve rice grain quality through nitrogen fertilisation. This paper reports the results of 4 experiments comparing the response of 3 rice genotypes differing in maturity and stature to 5 rates of applied nitrogen (0, 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg/ha) over 4 seasons (2 wet and 2 dry seasons). The components of grain quality studied were endosperm chalkiness, whole grain millout, grain size, alkali digestion (gelatinisation temperature), and grain protein. This paper also examines the suitability of the 3 genotypes as parental material in breeding programs aimed at selecting for specific grain quality attributes. Starbonnet was identified as a potential parent in breeding programs which aim to specifically select for reduced chalkiness and high millout in low N environments. Selection for lower chalkiness, and higher millout and protein concentration, should occur in a wide range of target environments to account for the seasonal variation observed in these parameters. Grain size appeared to be affected more by genetic than agronomic factors, since grain length and breadth were largely unaffected by N rate, yet genotypic differences were found for both parameters in all experiments. Newbonnet grain was long and slender, suggesting this genotype would be a suitable parent in breeding programs aimed at improving grain appearance. The response of alkali digestion to N rate and genotype was small for all seasons. The importance of developing N fertiliser strategies that optimise both grain yield and quality was highlighted by differences in the responses of grain protein and grain yield to N rate. A number of linkages were examined among various components of grain quality. However, the magnitude of these linkages was small, suggesting that selection for one quality component should not be at the expense of selection for another.

scholarly journals Creating variability through interspecific hybridization and its utilization for genetic improvement in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1101-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simranjeet Kaur ◽  
T. S. Bains ◽  
Pritpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Genetic Enhancement ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Selection For

Interspecific hybridization is important for genetic enhancement of crop plants. The present study was conducted to study genetic variation in advanced interspecific lines of mungbean for yield and its component traits, to determine the association among different traits and their contribution towards seed yield through correlation and path coefficient analysis. A set of 64 genotypes including 51 advanced interspecific lines derived from mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) × urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) × ricebean (Vignaumbellata Thumb.) crosses and 13 parents (mungbean, urdbean and ricebean) was the experimental material for this study. The mean sums of squares for genotypes were highly significant for all the traits. Mean sum of squares for replications were also highly significant for all traits except days to 50 % flowering, days to maturity and harvest index at 1 % and 5 % level of significance. This indicated substantial magnitude of diversity and variability in the interspecific lines and parents under study, which could be further exploited. High to moderate PCV and GCV along with high heritability and genetic advance was observed for biological yield per plant, seed yield per plant and plant height, indicating that these traits could be easy targets for phenotypic selection and consequently, may be improved genetically via simple plant selection methods. On the basis of correlation studies, it could be concluded that all the traits under investigation except number of seeds per pod and harvest index were important for selection for yield improvement. Path analysis further revealed that harvest index could also be one of the criteria of selection for higher yield in these interspecific lines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document