scholarly journals Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Montagnon ◽  
A. Mahyoub ◽  
W. Solano ◽  
F. Sheibani
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
The World ◽  
Genetic Clusters ◽  
Domestication Process ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Coffea Arabica L ◽  
Cup Quality

AbstractWhilst it is established that almost all cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties originated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were introduced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its significance to the coffee world had never been explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence confirming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the world. The second cluster, which we named the SL-17 cluster, was a small cluster of cultivated worldwide varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica-Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and was not related to any known cultivated varieties and not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the consequences of these findings and their potential to pave the way for further comprehensive genetic improvement projects for the identification of major resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have been shaped through the domestication process of C. arabica.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and relationship of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) germplasm as revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surendra Bhattarai ◽  
Bruce Coulman ◽  
Yong-Bi Fu ◽  
Aaron D. Beattie ◽  
Bill Biligetu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Length Polymorphism ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Onobrychis Viciifolia ◽  
The World

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial forage legume widely distributed in the northern temperate regions of the world. Its genetic improvement has been relatively slow due, in part, to the lack of genetic information including molecular characterization of sainfoin germplasm. An attempt was made to evaluate genetic diversity and relationships among 38 sainfoin accessions collected from different regions of the world using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers. Five AFLP primer pairs were used to assess 367 individual plants, which produced 1042 polymorphic AFLP bands. The frequencies of the scored bands in all assayed individuals ranged from 0.003 to 0.973, with a mean value of 0.165. The analysis of molecular variance revealed higher within-accession (84.3%) genetic variation than among accessions (15.7%). The genetic distance based on inter-accession distance matrices was significant for most accessions but was not significant for accessions sharing similar parents. A dendrogram of the collected accessions showed two clusters at an inter-accession genetic distance coefficient of 0.36. The revealed information on genetic distance and genetic diversity of the sainfoin accessions is useful for selecting genetically diverse germplasms for sainfoin genetic improvement efforts.

scholarly journals Organoleptic, Sensory and Biochemical Traits of Arabica Coffee and their Arabusta Hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kahiu Ngugi ◽  
Jane Jerono Cheserek ◽  
Chrispine Ogutu Omondi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Biochemical Compounds ◽  
Small Scale Farmers ◽  
Organoleptic Traits ◽  
Cup Quality

Coffee as a cash crop, reduces food insecurity by providing regular incomes and is a major foreign exchange earner in more than fifty tropical countries where it is grown either as Arabica (Coffea arabica) or Robust (Coffea canepora). In Kenya which grow some Robusta but mostly Arabica coffee, the production has been declining, mainly because world coffee prices have plummeted to about 5 USD for a 650Kg of un-hulled beans per acre. The only way world prices are likely to increase and benefit the small-scale farmers, is by improving the cup quality and enabling these countries to sell their coffee in specialty markets. This review, underscores the importance of analyzing and estimating organoleptic, sensory and biochemical compounds diversity in Arabica coffee, since these are the factors that determine cup quality. In an attempt to do so, the chapter presents experimental data that analyzed various sensory and organoleptic traits of Arabica coffee and their Arabusta hybrids that proves that tremendous genetic diversity exists in coffee genotypes grown in Kenya and it is possible to utilize this genetic variation to improve cup quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of coffee (coffea arabica L.) genetic erosion and genetic resources management in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Afework Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Arabica Coffee ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Coffee Yield ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Coffee is an important source of annual income and employment contributing significantly to the economies of many developing countries. Ethiopia is the center of origin and diversity of Coffea arabica L., there is immense genetic variability that offers great potential for improvement of the crop. The objective of this paper is to assess the status of Coffee genetic diversity, identify major factors that cause coffee genetic erosion and status of coffee genetics resources management in Ethiopia.  The presences of high genetic diversity in wild Coffea arabica in Ethiopia were reported by different authors. However, the genetic diversity of coffea arabica L. are being lost rapidly due to several factors such as human population pressures leading to conversion of land to agriculture, deforestation and land degradation; low coffee prices leading to abandoning of coffee trees in forests and gardens and shifting cultivation to other more remunerative crops; and climate change. Additionally, narrow genetic basis of commercially used Arabica coffee cultivars and increased incidence of pests and diseases associated with climate change is leading to significant crop losses, threatening livelihoods in many coffee growing countries. Therefore, Conserving the wild Arabica coffee gene pool and its evolutionary potential present in Ethiopia is critically important for maintaining coffee yield, disease resistance, drought tolerant, quality and other important traits in future breeding program

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Coffea arabica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Lino Ferreira ◽  
Eveline Teixeira Caixeta ◽  
Fernanda Fatima Caniato ◽  
Tesfahun Setotaw ◽  
Gustavo César Sant’Ana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Diversity Studies ◽  
Coffee Species ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

Coffea arabica L. is a native coffee species probably originated in Abyssinia, now Ethiopia. The genetic diversity of C. arabica has economic implications directly related to profits by breeding for developing new varieties to a global market. The economic value of C. arabica genetic resources are estimated at US$ 420 million, considered a 10% discount rate. Understanding the extent of traits variability and genetic diversity is essential to guide crosses between genotypes, targeting the development of new varieties with high economic value. This chapter will present the C. arabica economic importance, primarily to Brazil, the most significant world producer; we will outline the origin and dispersion of arabica coffee and briefly show the leading germplasm banks. We will also point out contribution of genetic diversity studies based on morphological, agronomic traits, and molecular markers supporting the development of new varieties. Finally, we present an outline for the future.

Genetic diversity and structure of Ethiopian, Yemen and Brazilian Coffea arabica L. accessions using microsatellites markers

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 1367-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milene Silvestrini ◽  
Michele G. Junqueira ◽  
Andréa C. Favarin ◽  
Oliveiro Guerreiro-Filho ◽  
Mirian P. Maluf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Microsatellites Markers ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Coffea Arabica L
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