Isolation of viable cell mass from frozen Microcystis viridis bloom containing microcystin-RR

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 639 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor Vasas ◽  
István Bácsi ◽  
Gyula Surányi ◽  
Márta Mikóné Hamvas ◽  
Csaba Máthé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Mass ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Microcystis Viridis

Adenylate Energy Charge: A Method for the Determination of Viable Cell Mass in Dental Plaque Samples

1979 ◽  
Vol 58 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2192-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Energy Charge ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Adenylate Energy Charge ◽  
Interactive Computer Program ◽  
Biochemical Function

The biochemical function, adenylate energy charge (AEC), correlates with the viable count of S. mutans. AEC may be used to estimate the percent viable fraction of bacteria in dental plaque samples. An interactive computer program designed to process the AEC data is described.

GROWTH OF ACTINOBACILLUS MALLEI IN CHEMICALLY DEFINED MEDIA

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
D. H. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Ammonium Citrate ◽  
Early Stationary Phase ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Excellent Growth ◽  
Rates Of Growth

A simple, chemically defined liquid medium containing phosphate buffer, magnesium and ferrous sulfates, glucose, and tribasic ammonium citrate supported excellent growth of a virulent strain of Actinobacillus mallei. When growth was measured turbidimetrically, a comparison of the rates of growth in media containing different initial concentrations of hydrogen ion (pH 6.3 and 6.6), phosphate buffer (0.05 M and 0.08 M), glucose (0.05 M and 0.10 M), and ammonium citrate (0.01 M and 0.02 M) indicated that the lower concentration of phosphate, glucose, and citrate and pH 6.3 favored early growth. The higher concentration of glucose favored an increase in cell mass during the early stationary phase unaccompanied by a comparable increase in viable cells. The highest viable cell count was attained in a medium containing 0,08 M KH2PO4–K2HPCO4, 0.05 M glucose, 0.02 M ammonium citrate, 0.000005 M Fe++, and 0.001 M Mg++ after 45 hours incubation, during which time the viable cell concentration rose from 1.6 × 107 to 1.5 × 1010/ml.

Effects of Epoxycarotenoids, beta-Carotene, and Retinoic Acid on the Differentiation and Viability of the Leukemia Cell Line NB4 in Vitro

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duitsman ◽  
Barua ◽  
Becker ◽  
Olson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Leukemia Cell ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Leukemia Cell Line ◽  
P Values ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Carotene Beta

Three all-trans epoxides of beta-carotene (beta-Car), namely, 5,6-epoxy-beta-carotene (5,6-EC), 5,8-epoxy-beta-carotene (5,8-EC) and 5,6,5’,6’-diepoxy-beta-carotene (5,6,5’,6’-DEC) were synthesized by treatment of beta-carotene with 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, were purified chromatographically, and were characterized. The relative potencies (mean ± S.D.) of 1 mM compounds in inducing the differentiation of NB4 cells, a cell line that contains the chromosomal transposition t(15;17) characteristic of acute promyelocytic leukemia, after 4 days of incubation were: RA: 1.35 ± 0.16, 5,6-EC: 0.29 ± 0.01, 5,8-EC: 0.22 ± 0.05, 5,6,5’,6’-DEC: 0.11 ± 0.02, betaC: 0.09 ± 0.01, and the control: 0.06 ± 0.01. The same order of potencies existed at other concentrations tested and at other incubation times. P values for the differences between the inducing activities of successive pairs of compounds at 1 muM were: RA vs. 5,6-EC, < 0.001; 5,6-EC vs. 5,8-EC, < 0.01; 5,8-EC vs. 5,6,5’,6’-DEC, < 0.01; 5,6,5’,6’-DEC vs. beta-Car, < 0.10; beta-Car vs. control, < 0.005. Similar P values were also obtained for studies at other concentrations and at other incubation times. The viable cell mass at 4 days was inversely proportional to the extent of differentiation (rs = –1.0). The inducing activities of all compounds were dose-dependent. Thus, the 5,6-monoepoxide of beta-carotene, which has not previously been studied as an inducer, showed higher activity in NB4 cell differentiation than the 5,8-monoepoxide, the 5,6,5’,6’-diepoxide, or beta-carotene. Possible explanations of these observations are discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphate Content of Human Dental Plaque as a Measure of Viable Cell Mass

1980 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Distler ◽  
A. Kröncke ◽  
G. Maurer
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Viable Cell

57 DEVELOPMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS OF LATER-STAGE PORCINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VIVO OR IN VITRO

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Callesen ◽  
P. Holm
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Cell Stage

Kinetics and morphological characteristics during pre-implantation embryo development are well established in most mammals. In porcine, such studies are few because of limited use of in vitro culture, but this has changed in recent years due to increasing use of in vitro production and cloning. Therefore, additional characterisation of especially later stage porcine embryos is needed. Here we studied in vitro development of porcine in vivo- and in vitro-derived zygotes collected from weaned, inseminated sows (slaughtered 2 days after first insemination; in vivo group, n = 112) or produced from immature oocytes from sow ovaries (matured and fertilized: Theriogenology 63, 2040–2052; in vitro group, n = 210). Both types were cultured for 7 days in vitro (Theriogenology 63, 2040–2052) in a time-lapse system (Theriogenology 50, 1285–1299) with images recorded every 0.5 h. Individual embryos were followed and characterised for stage and quality from first cleavage. The following was recorded: (i) zygote: inner (i.e. ooplasma) and outer diameter [i.e. including zona pellucida (ZP)], ZP thickness; (ii) compact morula: areas of compacted inner cells and of cellular debris; (iii) blastocyst: partial or total collapse of blastocoelic cavity and diameter at maximal expansion immediately before hatching. At the 1-cell stage, no difference was found between in vivo v. in vitro zygotes in ZP diameter (approximately 150 µm) and thickness (approximately 15.6 µm). In both groups, cleavage rate was around 65%, but more in vivo (85%) than in vitro (28%) zygotes developed beyond the morula stage. Embryos of both types that did not develop to this stage (n = 212) blocked predominantly at the 1st (50%) or 2nd (21%) cell cycle. Cell cycles were generally shorter in in vivo v. in vitro zygotes from compact morula until the hatched blastocyst stage (mean 128 v. 139 h from the 2-cell stage for in vivo v. in vitro; P < 0.05). Compacted in vivo morulae were 25% larger than in vitro, and the debris area was more than twice as large in in vitro. Hatching occurred after approximately two collapses in both in vivo and in vitro but at a larger ZP diameter in vitro. See Table 1 for further details. This study illustrates differences and similarities between morphology and developmental kinetics of in vivo- and in vitro-derived porcine zygotes, but also how various morphological characteristics indicate some of the possible causes of the reduced developmental ability of in vitro embryos. The in vitro period seems to result in more stressful conditions for the embryos, both during early development, but also during the later stages leading to the hatching process. Thus, further optimization of in vitro culture conditions is still needed in porcine. Table 1.Compact morula (CM) viable cell mass and debris, hatched blastocyst (HB) diameter, and early-hatched blastocyst (EB-XB) and expanded-hatched blastocyst (XB-HB) collapses for in vivo- and in vitro-derived zygotes

Effects of temperature on the macromolecular composition and fine structure of psychrophilic Arthrobacter species

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Monique Gounot ◽  
Thomas J. Novitsky ◽  
Donn J. Kushner
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Viable Cell ◽  
Psychrophilic Bacterium ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Arthrobacter Species ◽  
Macromolecular Composition

A facultatively psychrophilic bacterium, Arthrobacter SI 55, grows at 20 °C, but growth, as measured by increase of viable cell count, is inhibited at 32 °C. Corresponding temperatures for an obligate psychrophile, Arthrobacter glacialis SI 137, are 10 °C and 19–20 °C. At the higher temperatures for each organism increases of cell mass, as measured by turbidity and of DNA, RNA, and protein, were not inhibited. At the upper temperatures, fewer septa were formed in Arthrobacter SI 55, and cells appeared as distorted filaments with irregular branches. Arthrobacter glacialis grew as single cells at the lower temperature, but as clumps of coccoid cells with well marked septa at the higher temperature. It appears that in Arthrobacter SI 55 septum formation may be inhibited at the higher temperature. In contrast, in A. glacialis septation occurs but the cells do not separate.

Use of F9 teratocarcinoma STEM cells to study cell-matrix interactions in the early mouse embryo

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 602-603
Author(s):  
Marc Lenburg ◽  
Rulang Jiang ◽  
Lengya Cheng ◽  
Laura Grabel
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Embryo ◽  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Embryoid Bodies ◽  
F9 Cells ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Matrix Interactions ◽  
Cell Matrix Interactions ◽  
F9 Teratocarcinoma

We are interested in defining the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions that help direct the differentiation of extraembryonic endoderm in the peri-implantation mouse embryo. At the blastocyst stage the mouse embryo consists of an outer layer of trophectoderm surrounding the fluid-filled blastocoel cavity and an eccentrically located inner cell mass. On the free surface of the inner cell mass, facing the blastocoel cavity, a layer of primitive endoderm forms. Primitive endoderm then generates two distinct cell types; parietal endoderm (PE) which migrates along the inner surface of the trophectoderm and secretes large amounts of basement membrane components as well as tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and visceral endoderm (VE), a columnar epithelial layer characterized by tight junctions, microvilli, and the synthesis and secretion of α-fetoprotein. As these events occur after implantation, we have turned to the F9 teratocarcinoma system as an in vitro model for examining the differentiation of these cell types. When F9 cells are treated in monolayer with retinoic acid plus cyclic-AMP, they differentiate into PE. In contrast, when F9 cells are treated in suspension with retinoic acid, they form embryoid bodies (EBs) which consist of an outer layer of VE and an inner core of undifferentiated stem cells. In addition, we have established that when VE containing embryoid bodies are plated on a fibronectin coated substrate, PE migrates onto the matrix and this interaction is inhibited by RGDS as well as antibodies directed against the β1 integrin subunit. This transition is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of tPA in the PE cells. Thus, the outgrowth system provides a spatially appropriate model for studying the differentiation and migration of PE from a VE precursor.

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