scholarly journals Speeds of Sound in Methanol at Temperatures from 233.33 to 353.21 K at Pressures up to 20 MPa

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian W. Scholz ◽  
Roland Span
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Speeds Of Sound ◽  
Pulse Timing ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Pulse Echo

AbstractWe report experimental speeds of sound in methanol. Measurements were conducted at temperatures from 233 to 353 K with pressures up to 20 MPa using the double-path length pulse-echo technique. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) in measurement was estimated to vary from 0.012 to 0.014%, considering contributions from temperature, pressure, path length calibration, pulse timing, and purity of the sample. Experimental speeds of sound gained in the scope of this work were compared with the equation of state by de Reuck and Craven, as well as with further data from literature.

scholarly journals Speeds of Sound in n-Hexane and n-Heptane at Temperatures from (233.33 to 353.21) K and Pressures up to 20 MPa

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian W. Scholz ◽  
Markus Richter
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Speed Of Sound ◽  
Sound Speed ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Fundamental Equation ◽  
Pulse Timing ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Fundamental Equation Of State ◽  
Pulse Echo

AbstractThe speed of sound in high-purity n-hexane and n-heptane was experimentally studied utilizing the double-path length pulse-echo technique. Measurements with each alkane were carried out at temperatures from (233 to 353) K with pressures up to 20 MPa. Considering the uncertainty contributions from temperature, pressure, path-length calibration, pulse timing and sample purity, the relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) in the speed of sound in n-hexane ranges from (0.012 to 0.042) % over the investigated ranges of pressure and temperature; for n-heptane, the uncertainty varies from (0.014 to 0.018) %. The sound speed data measured in n-hexane were among the data used for the development of a new fundamental equation of state, which is, however, not described in this work. The experimental data of n-heptane can be considered appropriate for modeling purposes and validation of existing equations of state.

Equation of state of hercynite, FeAl2O4, and high-pressure systematics of Mg-Fe-Cr-Al spinels

2015 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Nestola ◽  
B. Periotto ◽  
C. Anzolini ◽  
G. B. Andreozzi ◽  
A. B. Woodland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Volume Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Third Order ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Volume Equation ◽  
Overlap Method ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Murnaghan Equation

AbstractIn this work a single crystal of synthetic hercynite, FeAl2O4, was investigated by X-ray diffraction up to 7.5 GPa and at room temperature, in order to determine its pressure–volume equation of state. The unit-cell volume decreases non-linearly with a reduction of 3.4% (i.e. 18.43 Å3). The pressure–volume data were fitted to a third-order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state providing the following coefficients: V0 = 542.58(3)Å3, KT0 = 193.9(1.7) GPa, K' = 6.0(5). These results are consistent with previous investigations of Cr and Al spinels measured with the same experimental approach but the KT0 differs significantly from the experimental determination carried out more than 40 years ago by Wang and Simmons (1972) by the pulse echo overlap method. Our new results were used to redetermine the FeAl2O4(hercynite) = FeO(wüstite) + Al2O3(corundum) equilibrium in P–T space and obtain geobarometric information for Cr-Al spinels found as inclusions in diamond.

Experimental Measurement of Speeds of Sound in Dense Supercritical Carbon Monoxide and Development of a High-Pressure, High-Temperature Equation of State

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (18) ◽  
pp. 5675-5682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. Zaug ◽  
Jeffrey A. Carter ◽  
Sorin Bastea ◽  
Michael R. Armstrong ◽  
Jonathan C. Crowhurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Experimental Measurement ◽  
Speeds Of Sound ◽  
High Pressure High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Equation ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

scholarly journals Density Measurements of Two Liquefied Biomethane-Like Mixtures over the Temperature Range from (100 to 180) K at Pressures up to 9.0 MPa

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Cavuoto ◽  
Nils von Preetzmann ◽  
Philipp Eckmann ◽  
Jianrong Li ◽  
Adriaan M. H. van der Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Equation Of State ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Phase Liquid ◽  
Cell Densities

AbstractDensities of two synthetic biomethane-like mixtures were measured in the homogeneous liquid phase and the supercritical region using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. Both mixtures consist of methane, nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen, whereas the second mixture additionally contains carbon dioxide. For the first mixture, four isotherms from (100 to 160) K were studied over the pressure range from (1.5 to 6.6) MPa. The second mixture was investigated along three isotherms from (140 to 180) K at pressures of (2.6 to 9.0) MPa, where only the densities at 180 K are usable due to solidification of the carbon dioxide at the lower temperatures. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the experimental densities was estimated to be in the range of (0.022 to 0.027)  % for the first mixture and (0.046 to 0.054)  % for the second mixture, respectively. Due to a supercritical liquefaction procedure and the integration of a special VLE-cell, densities in the homogeneous liquid phase could be measured without changing the composition of the liquefied mixture. Moreover, saturated-liquid densities were determined by extrapolation of the experimental single-phase liquid densities to the vapor pressure, which was determined experimentally for the mixture without carbon dioxide and calculated with an equation of state (EOS) for the mixture containing carbon dioxide. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the saturated-liquid densities is less than 0.08 % in most cases. The new experimental results were compared with the GERG-2008 equation of state; the deviations are less than 0.17 %.

scholarly journals Density Measurements of (0.99 Methane + 0.01 Butane) and (0.98 Methane + 0.02 Isopentane) over the Temperature Range from (100 to 160) K at Pressures up to 10.8 MPa

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philipp Eckmann ◽  
Nils von Preetzmann ◽  
Giuseppe Cavuoto ◽  
Jianrong Li ◽  
Adriaan van der Veen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Magnetic Suspension ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
Phase Liquid

Abstract Densities of two methane-rich binary mixtures were measured in the homogeneous liquid and the supercritical region at temperatures between (100 and 160) K using a low-temperature single-sinker magnetic-suspension densimeter. For each mixture, four isotherms were studied over the pressure range from (0.3 to 10.8) MPa. Molar compositions of the gravimetrically prepared methane-rich binary mixtures were approximately 0.01 butane and 0.02 isopentane, respectively, with the balance being methane. The relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) of the experimental densities was estimated to be in the range of (0.02 to 0.06) %. Due to a supercritical liquefaction procedure and the integration of a special VLE-cell, it was possible to measure densities in the homogeneous liquid phase without changing the composition of the liquefied mixture. Based on the supercritical liquefaction procedure, a new time-saving measurement procedure was developed and applied. Moreover, saturated-liquid densities were determined by extrapolation of the experimental single-phase liquid densities to the vapor pressure calculated with an equation of state (EOS); here, the relative expanded combined uncertainty (k = 2) is less than 0.05 % in most cases. The new experimental results were compared with the GERG-2008 equation of state, the EOS-LNG and the enhanced revised Klosek and McKinley (ERKM) method.

Acoustic microscopy techniques for the inspection of integrated circuit devices and packages

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 966-967
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Hybrid Technique ◽  
Frequency Scanning ◽  
Ic Packaging ◽  
Ic Package ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
Ic Package Inspection ◽  
Pulse Echo ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscope

In the last decade, a variety of characterization techniques based on acoustic phenomena have come into widespread use. Characteristics of matter waves such as their ability to penetrate optically opaque solids and produce image contrast based on acoustic impedance differences have made these techniques attractive to semiconductor and integrated circuit (IC) packaging researchers.These techniques can be divided into two groups. The first group includes techniques primarily applied to IC package inspection which take advantage of the ability of ultrasound to penetrate deeply and nondestructively through optically opaque solids. C-mode Acoustic Microscopy (C-AM) is a recently developed hybrid technique which combines the narrow-band pulse-echo piezotransducers of conventional C-scan recording with the precision scanning and sophisticated signal analysis capabilities normally associated with the high frequency Scanning Acoustic Microscope (SAM). A single piezotransducer is scanned over the sample and both transmits acoustic pulses into the sample and receives acoustic echo signals from the sample.

Equation of state for hard convex body fluid mixtures

1998 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 809-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. BARRIO ◽  
J.R. SOLANA
Keyword(s):  
Equation Of State ◽  
Convex Body ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Fluid Mixtures
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