Effects of Physical Exercise Interventions on Stereotyped Motor Behaviours in Children with ASD: A Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Teh ◽  
Ranjith Vijayakumar ◽  
Timothy Xing Jun Tan ◽  
Melvin J. Yap
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Children With Asd

Reply: Letter to the Editor: Exercise Interventions and Cardiovascular Health in Childhood Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (09) ◽  
pp. 629-629
Author(s):  
Javier S. Morales ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Alba M. Herrera-Olivares ◽  
Antonio Baño-Rodrigo ◽  
Adrián Castillo-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Metabolic Equivalent ◽  
Exercise Interventions

Dear EditorWe sincerely appreciate the nice comments by Drs. P.V. da Costa Ghignatti and R. Pereira de Lima 1 concerning our recent meta-analysis assessing the effects of physical exercise interventions on cardiovascular endpoints in childhood cancer survivors 2. They are quite right to remain that even non-significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) might be clinically relevant. Indeed, we still do not know if CRF increments of a theoretically low magnitude (i. e., <1 metabolic equivalent) might have a prognostic value in the context of pediatric cancer and treatment-associated cardiotoxicity. We also agree that unsupervised exercise interventions are unlikely to be as effective as tailored programs, especially because the latter allow for intensity to being adequately controlled and thus gradually increased. It is indeed our opinion, after long years of experience working with children with cancer as well as with other debilitated clinical populations, that there is always room for physiological improvement and ideally loads should be gradually improved instead of remaining stable.

scholarly journals The comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions in individuals with chronic non-specific neck pain: protocol for a network meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e034846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger MJ de Zoete ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Nigel R Armfield ◽  
Michele Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Network Effect ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Meta Analyses

IntroductionNeck pain is a global burdensome problem, with a large proportion of neck pain cases becoming chronic. Although physical exercise is a commonly prescribed treatment, the evidence on the effectiveness of isolated exercise interventions remains limited. Traditional pairwise randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analyses are limited in only comparing two interventions. This protocol describes the design of a network meta-analysis, which enables a comparative investigation of all physical exercise interventions for which RCTs are available. We aim to systematically compare the effectiveness of different types of physical exercise in people with chronic non-specific neck pain.Methods and analysisNine electronic databases (AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, PsycINFO, Scopus and SPORTDiscus) were searched for RCTs from inception to 12 March 2019. Titles and abstract firstly, and full-text papers secondly, will be screened by two reviewers. Data will be extracted by two reviewers. The primary outcome measure is effectiveness of the intervention. Methodological quality of included studies will be assessed by two reviewers using the PEDro scale. The overall quality of evidence will be assessed with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework, which has been adapted for network meta-analyses. The available evidence will be summarised using a network diagram. A contribution matrix will be presented to allow assessment of direct and indirect evidence. Forest plots will be constructed to visualise effects of all included exercise interventions. Pairwise effect sizes will be calculated by including all evidence available in the network. Effect measures for treatments that have not been compared in a pairwise RCT can be compared indirectly by contrasting effect sizes of comparisons with a common comparator.Ethics and disseminationThis work synthesises evidence from previously published studies and does not require ethics review or approval. A manuscript describing the findings will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126523.

Physical exercise increases peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factors in patients with cognitive impairment: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Hong Huang ◽  
Wenyang Li ◽  
Zheng Qin ◽  
Hui Shen ◽  
Xiaomeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Specific Mechanism ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Physical Exercises

Background: Physical exercise can improve cognitive dysfunction. Its specific mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have indicated that elevating or peripherally overexpressing brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) improve cognitive impairment. Objective: This meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether physical exercise improves cognitive performance in patients with cognitive dysfunction, such as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer’s disease (AD), by increasing peripheral BDNF. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched up to June 2020 for studies that assayed the changes in peripheral BDNF levels in MCI and AD patients after exercise training. Results: Peripheral BDNF levels were significantly elevated after a single exercise session (SMD = 0.469, 95% CI: 0.150–0.787, P = 0.004) or regular exercise interventions (SMD = 0.418, 95% CI: 0.105–0.731, P = 0.009). Subgroup analysis showed that only regular aerobic exercise interventions (SMD = 0.543, 95% CI: 0.038–1.049, P = 0.035) and intervention duration of 16 weeks or greater (SMD = 0.443, 95% CI: 0.154 –0.733, P = 0.003) significantly increased peripheral BDNF levels. Only plasma BDNF levels (SMD = 0.365, 95% CI:0.066–0.664, P = 0.017) were significantly increased after exercise interventions. Conclusions: Acute and chronic physical exercises may improve cognitive impairment by increasing peripheral BDNF levels. Aerobic exercises and a longer duration of exercising increased BDNF levels. These findings also suggest that BDNF may be a suitable biomarker for evaluating the effect of exercise in patients with cognitive impairment, such as AD or MCI.

scholarly journals Exercise and Nutrition Interventions in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer during Curative Treatment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3233
Author(s):  
Asta Bye ◽  
Jon A. Sandmael ◽  
Guro B. Stene ◽  
Lene Thorsen ◽  
Trude R. Balstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the effects of nutritional and physical exercise interventions and interventions combining these interventions during radiotherapy treatment for patients with head and neck cancer on body composition, objectively measured physical function and nutritional status. Systematic electronic searches were conducted in MEDLINE (PubMed interface), EMBASE (Ovid interface), CINAHL (EBSCO interface) and Cochrane Library (Wiley interface). We identified 13 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included 858 patients. For body composition, using only nutrition as intervention, a significant difference between treatment and control group were observed (SMD 0.42 (95CI 0.23–0.62), p < 0.001). Only pilot RCTs investigated combination treatment and no significant difference between the treatment and control groups were found (SMD 0.21 (95CI −0.16–0.58), p = 0.259). For physical function, a significant difference between treatment and control group with a better outcome for the treatment group were observed (SMD 0.78 (95CI 0.51–1.04), p < 0.001). No effects on nutritional status were found. This meta-analysis found significantly positive effects of nutrition and physical exercise interventions alone in favor of the treatment groups. No effects in studies with combined interventions were observed. Future full-scaled RCTs combining nutrition and physical exercise is warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of nutritional and physical exercise intervention on hospital readmission for patients aged 65 or older: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellisiv Lærum-Onsager ◽  
Marianne Molin ◽  
Cecilie Fromholt Olsen ◽  
Asta Bye ◽  
Jonas Debesay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Nutrition Support ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Unplanned Readmission ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Abstract Background Unplanned readmission may result in consequences for both the individual and society. The transition of patients from hospital to postdischarge settings often represents a discontinuity of care and is considered crucial in the prevention of avoidable readmissions. In older patients, physical decline and malnutrition are considered risk factors for readmission. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of nutritional and physical exercise interventions alone or in combination after hospital admission on the risk of hospital readmission among older people. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies was conducted. The search involved seven databases (Medline, AMED, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Embase (Ovid), Food Science Source and Web of Science) and was conducted in November 2018. An update of this search was performed in March 2020. Studies involving older adults (65 years and above) investigating the effect of nutritional and/or physical exercise interventions on hospital readmission were included. Results A total of 11 randomized controlled studies (five nutritional, five physical exercise and one combined intervention) were included and assessed for quality using the updated Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Nutritional interventions resulted in a significant reduction in readmissions (RR 0.84; 95% CI 0.70–1.00, p = 0.049), while physical exercise interventions did not reduce readmissions (RR 1.05; 95% CI 0.84–1.31, p-value = 0.662). Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that nutrition support aiming to optimize energy intake according to patients’ needs may reduce the risk of being readmitted to the hospital for people aged 65 years or older.

scholarly journals Comparative effectiveness of physical exercise interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of 40 randomised controlled trials

2020 ◽  
pp. bjsports-2020-102664
Author(s):  
Rutger MJ de Zoete ◽  
Nigel R Armfield ◽  
James H McAuley ◽  
Kenneth Chen ◽  
Michele Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trials ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions for chronic non-specific neck pain.DesignSystematic review and network meta-analysis.Data sourcesElectronic databases: AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, MEDLINE, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, PsycINFO, Scopus and SPORTDiscus.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) describing the effects of any physical exercise intervention in adults with chronic non-specific neck pain.ResultsThe search returned 6549 records, 40 studies were included. Two networks of pairwise comparisons were constructed, one for pain intensity (n=38 RCTs, n=3151 participants) and one for disability (n=29 RCTs, n=2336 participants), and direct and indirect evidence was obtained. Compared with no treatment, three exercise interventions were found to be effective for pain and disability: motor control (Hedges’ g, pain −1.32, 95% CI: −1.99 to −0.65; disability −0.87, 95% CI: –1.45 o −0.29), yoga/Pilates/Tai Chi/Qigong (pain −1.25, 95% CI: –1.85 to −0.65; disability –1.16, 95% CI: –1.75 to −0.57) and strengthening (pain –1.21, 95% CI: –1.63 to −0.78; disability –0.75, 95% CI: –1.28 to −0.22). Other interventions, including range of motion (pain −0.98 CI: −2.51 to 0.56), balance (pain −0.38, 95% CI: −2.10 to 1.33) and multimodal (three or more exercises types combined) (pain −0.08, 95% CI: −1.70 to 1.53) exercises showed uncertain or negligible effects. The quality of evidence was very low according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) criteria.ConclusionThere is not one superior type of physical exercise for people with chronic non-specific neck pain. Rather, there is very low quality evidence that motor control, yoga/Pilates/Tai Chi/Qigong and strengthening exercises are equally effective. These findings may assist clinicians to select exercises for people with chronic non-specific neck pain.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019126523.

scholarly journals Exercise modes and their association with hypoglycemia episodes in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e000578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Hasan ◽  
Sian M Shaw ◽  
Leslie H Gelling ◽  
Catherine J Kerr ◽  
Catherine A Meads
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Continuous Exercise

ObjectiveType 1 diabetes mellitus rates are rising worldwide. The health benefits of physical exercise in this condition are many, but more than 60% do not participate, mainly from fear of hypoglycemia. This systematic review explores the effects of physical exercise modes on blood glucose levels in adults for hypoglycemia prevention.Research design and methodsPredefined inclusion criteria were randomized or non-randomized cross-over trials of healthy non-obese adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Exercise interventions used standardized protocols of intensity and timing. Outcomes included hypoglycemia during or after exercise, and acute glycemic control. Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, SPORTDiscus, CochraneCENTRAL (1990 to 11 January 2018), and Embase (1988 to 9 April 2018) were searched using keywords and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. Inclusions, data extraction and quality assessment using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists were done by one researcher and checked by a second. Review Manager (V.5.3) was used for meta-analysis where four or more outcomes were reported.ResultsFrom 5459 citations, we included 15 small cross-over studies (3 non-randomized), 13 assessing aerobic (intermittent high-intensity exercise (IHE) vs continuous, or continuous vs rest) and 2 assessing resistance exercise versus rest. Study quality was good, and all outcome measures were reported. Thirteen gave hypoglycemia results, of which five had no episodes. Meta-analysis of hypoglycemia during or after IHE compared with continuous exercise showed no significant differences (n=5, OR=0.68 (95% CI 0.16 to 2.86), I2=56%). For blood glucose there was little difference between groups at any time point.ConclusionIHE may be safer than continuous exercise because of lesser decline in blood glucose, but more research needs to demonstrate if this would be reflected in hypoglycemic episode rates.Trial registration numberCRD42018068358.

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