Knowledge, Know-how and Raw Material - The Production of Late Neolithic Flint Daggers in Scandinavia

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Apel
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Know How

Life as a Raw Material: Illusions of Control

Somatechnics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oron Catts ◽  
Ionat Zurr
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Cognitive Engineering ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Future Scenarios ◽  
Short History ◽  
Know How ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

The paper discusses and critiques the concept of the single engineering paradigm. This concepts allude to a future in which the control of matter and life, and life as matter, will be achieved by applying engineering principles; through nanotechnology, synthetic biology and, as some suggest, geo-engineering, cognitive engineering and neuro-engineering. We outline some issues in the short history of the field labelled as Synthetic Biology. Furthermore; we examine the way engineers, scientists, designers and artists are positioned and articulating the use of the tools of Synthetic Biology to expose some of the philosophical, ethical and political forces and considerations of today as well as some future scenarios. We suggest that one way to enable the possibilities of alternative frames of thought is to open up the know-how and the access to these technologies to other disciplines, including artistic.

scholarly journals Effect of carbon anode production parameters on anode cracking

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salah Amrani ◽  
Duygu Kocaefe ◽  
Yasar Kocaefe ◽  
Dipankar Bhattacharyay ◽  
Mohamed Bouazara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Crack Density ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Anode ◽  
Know How ◽  
Production Parameters ◽  
Environmental Emissions ◽  
Carbon Anodes ◽  
Tomographic Analysis

AbstractCarbon anodes are used in the electrolytic production of aluminum. The quality of anodes is directly related to the production cost, carbon and energy consumption, and environmental emissions. It is desired that the anodes have high density, low porosity/cracks, low electrical resistivity as well as low air and CO2 reactivities. Low resistivity of anodes reduces energy required to produce aluminum during electrolysis. The presence of cracks and pores increases the anode electrical resistivity. Therefore, it is important to know how and when the pores and cracks form during the anode production so that the necessary actions could be taken to prevent their formation. A study was carried out to investigate the effect of different anode production parameters such as anode composition, type of raw material used, time and top-former bellow pressure of vibro-compactor, green anode cooling medium, and heating rate used during baking on the crack formation. The anodes are fabricated at the carbon laboratory of University of Quebec at Chicoutimi (UQAC) and characterized by measuring their properties (density, electrical resistivity, and surface crack density). The anode properties, hence the anode quality, were correlated with the anode production parameters. Also, their tomographic analysis was carried out to visualize and quantify the internal cracks. Graphical abstract

Bone Industry from the Late Neolithic Site Hotnisa–Orlovka

Epohi ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hristina Markova ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Domesticated Animals ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Neolithic Site

The worked bones from the Late Neolithic site Hotnitsa–Orlovka provide information about production and use of bone objects from Central North Bulgaria in this period. The domesticated animals are the main source of the bone industry (mainly large ungulates like Bos taurus and smaller mammals like ovis/capra). The ancient inhabitants of Hotnitsa–Orlovka prefered the longitudinally split long bones (mainly metapodium) and flat bones (ribs). The finishing of the bone objects is produced by abrision with sandstones. It is observed that some of the types have productive standardization which was planned specifically so that the use of unnecessary labor and the throwing away of raw material are avoided. This in turn leads to the thought of specialized bone industry. Despite the lack on stratigraphy posiotion of the artefacts, paralels can be drawn between the general characteristics of the findings from Hotnitsa– Orlovka and a number of other Late Neolithic sites from the Balkans.

scholarly journals Obsidian from the Site of Piano dei Cardoni, Ustica (Palermo, Italy): Preliminary Results on the First Occupation of the Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-290
Author(s):  
Claudia Speciale ◽  
Kyle P. Freund ◽  
Sandro de Vita ◽  
Nunzia Larosa ◽  
Vincenza Forgia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Ams Dating ◽  
First Time ◽  
Xrf Analyses

Abstract New investigations on Ustica (Palermo, Sicily) originated from the need to improve our knowledge of the island’s archaeological and environmental heritage. Through field surveys, particular attention was paid to human occupation in the Neolithic phases and focused on the less investigated southern side of the island. The systematic survey of the area of Piano dei Cardoni in 2018 brought to light a new Middle/Late Neolithic site, already partially documented in the literature. The island was settled for the first time during these phases, as also testified from the area of Punta Spalmatore. The presence of Serra d’Alto, incised dark burnished, and Diana styles suggests that the site and the archaeological assemblage dates from the mid to late 5th millennium BC, as confirmed by AMS dating. In addition to pottery, obsidian artifacts were also recovered, and a preliminary study of these materials is presented here. Portable XRF analyses on a sample of 41 obsidian artifacts, representing a high percentage of the lithic assemblage compared to chert tools, show that the provenance of the raw material is Gabellotto Gorge (Lipari) and Balata dei Turchi (Pantelleria). These results provide new insight into broader regional debates about obsidian technology and its exchange during the Neolithic and open an important consideration for sites that are far from the raw material sources.

Evaluation of the Industrial Raw Material Used for Ceramic Production in São José de Ubá, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 820 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afonso Rangel Garcez de Azevedo ◽  
Jonas Alexandre ◽  
Rafael Picanço Oliveira ◽  
Rodolfo Cretton de Souza ◽  
Euzébio Barnabé Zanelato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Ceramic Processing ◽  
Know How ◽  
Technological Evaluation ◽  
Required Quality

The northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has a significant participation in the country ceramic production for civil construction owing to the abundance of raw materials, mainly kaolinitic clays. Each municipality in that region has ceramic industries using raw materials mined from its own deposits. Products such as bricks and tiles may lack the required quality due to the limited know-how on the applied raw material. The present work conducted a technological evaluation of the clayey raw material used in the municipality of São José de Ubá including its potential for ceramic processing at firing temperatures of 700, 850 and 950oC. The results indicated that only the ceramic fired at 950oC conforms to the specifications for water absorption and mechanical strength.

Fashioning Identities, Forging Inequalities: Late Neolithic/Copper Age Personal Ornaments of the Portuguese Estremadura

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan T. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Value Added ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Ground Stone ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Local ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Local Materials

From an analysis of over 3,000 beads and pendants from seven contemporary Late Neolithic/Copper Age (3500–2500 BC) sites in the Portuguese Estremadura, two dominant patterns emerge: (1) most beads show a high degree of standardization in terms of size and shape and are made from local materials; and (2) a minority are made from non-local, rare, and visually distinctive materials (e.g.variscite, ivory), and are less standardized and more labour-intensive. The emphasis on a wide-range of materials suggests that uncommon ornaments may have functioned as ‘value added' materials with special significance, enhancing potential design combinations. Material preferences for beads, bracelets, pendants, plaques, and ground stone tools (da Veiga Ferreira 1951; Lillios 1997, 2008) appear to mirror other Western Mediterranean raw material preferences for ornaments and other polished stone objects (Goñi Quinteiro et al. 1999; Harrison and Orozco Köhler 2001; Pascual Benito 1998; Skeates 2010; Teruel Berbell 1986) suggesting that the Estremadura participated in aspects of a wider system of shared symbolic values.

Lives of Stone, Lives of People: Re-Viewing the Engraved Plaques of Late Neolithic and Copper Age Iberia

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katina Lillios
Keyword(s):  
Local Group ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Copper Age ◽  
Social Difference ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Chaine Operatoire ◽  
Mother Goddess ◽  
Group Identities ◽  
On Line ◽  
Over Time

For over a century prehistorians have approached the engraved stone plaques of the Iberian late Neolithic and Copper Age (3000–2500 BC) from a monolithic and idealist perspective, viewing the plaques as representations of the Mother Goddess. Most have not addressed the plaques' variability, their method of manufacture, the organization of their production, or their biographies. This article presents new interpretations of the Iberian plaques based on the first comprehensive on-line catalogue of the plaques – theEngraved Stone Plaque Registry and Inquiry Tool (ESPRIT)(Lillios 2004) – which holds records for over 1100 plaques, each unique, from over 200 sites in Portugal and Spain. Analyses of the plaques' raw material, style,chaîne opératoire, and distribution over space suggest that different plaque types had different functions and meanings, which shifted over time. Two plaque types: the Classic plaques and the Biomorphic Simple plaques are considered in this article. In their diverse forms, the Iberian plaques appear to have been durable records of regional and local group identities and could have contributed toward legitimating and perpetuating an ideology of inherited social difference in the Iberian late Neolithic and Copper Age.

scholarly journals The Neolithic Site of San Martino — Sicily: Working and Circulation of Obsidian from Lipari

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-82
Author(s):  
Tania Quero ◽  
Maria Clara Martinelli ◽  
Letterio Giordano
Keyword(s):  
Raw Material ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Late Neolithic ◽  
Neolithic Site ◽  
Lithic Assemblage ◽  
Hill Slope ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
The City

AbstractThe settlement of San Martino was found in 2008 on the Northern coast of Sicily (near the city of Spadafora — Messina). It is located on a hill slope about 4 km from the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea, near an ancient river which is no longer present today. The stratigraphy included two Neolithic levels: the oldest one belonged to the Stentinello culture (middle Neolithic — 6th-5th millennium BC cal) and the later one belonged to the Diana culture (Late Neolithic — 4th millennium BC cal). The San Martino lithic assemblage consists of a very significant amount of obsidian knapping products that have allowed us to examine the procurement, exploitation and circulation of this raw material, from the source on the island off the coast of Sicily, during the Neolithic period. Considering its strategic location and some analogies with other settlements nearby, the site of San Martino was probably part of the Lipari obsidian networks of exchange.

scholarly journals Malgorzata Daszkiewicz, O. Munteanu, V. Iarmulschi, Pottery found at the Butuceni and Orheiul Vechi Iron Age settlements – results of archaeoceramological analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-225
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Thin Section ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Laboratory Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Local Production ◽  
Know How ◽  
Pottery Technology ◽  
Two Factors

The aim of laboratory analysis carried out on pottery fragments recovered from the Poienești-Lucaşeuca (PL) site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni was to verify the hypothesis that there was a continuity in pottery technology traditions and the hypothesis that there was continuity in raw material use. In order to verify these hypotheses, i.e. to determine whether we are dealing with continuity or with changes in pottery manufacturing, two factors must be taken into account: know-how and raw material. This means that it is necessary to perform both technological and raw material analyses. For the purposes of this study the following methods were used: MGR-analysis, chemical analysis by WD-XRF, thin-section studies and an estimation of physical ceramic properties. The results of archaeometric analysis of pottery from the PL site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni did not substantiate the hypothesis that there had been a continuity in pottery technology traditions. The results of archaeometric analysis of pottery from the PL site of Orheiul Vechi and the Getic site of Butuceni did, conversely, confirm the hypothesis that there was a continuity in raw material use. At both sites and in both phases there is a marked emphasis on local production of ceramics using locally sourced raw materials.

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