scholarly journals Barriers to Lifestyle Behavioral Change in Migrant South Asian Populations

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihir Patel ◽  
Erica Phillips-Caesar ◽  
Carla Boutin-Foster
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Asian Populations

scholarly journals A systematic review of barriers and enablers to South Asian women’s attendance for asymptomatic screening of breast and cervical cancers in emigrant countries

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e020892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Mary Anderson de Cuevas ◽  
Pooja Saini ◽  
Deborah Roberts ◽  
Kinta Beaver ◽  
Mysore Chandrashekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
South Asian Women ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Breast And Cervical Cancer ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Behavioural Factors ◽  
Screening Attendance

ObjectivesThe aim of this review was to identify the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance in South Asian populations, in order to improve uptake and propose priorities for further research.DesignA systematic review of the literature for inductive, comparative, prospective and intervention studies. We searched the following databases: MEDLINE/In-Process, Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, CENTRAL, CDSR, CINAHL, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLES from database inception to 23 January 2018. The review included studies on the cultural, social, structural and behavioural factors that influence asymptomatic breast and cervical cancer screening attendance and cervical smear testing (Papanicolaou test) in South Asian populations and those published in the English language. The framework analysis method was used and themes were drawn out following the thematic analysis method.SettingsAsymptomatic breast or cervical screening.ParticipantsSouth Asian women, including Bangladeshi, Indian, Pakistani, Sri Lankan, Bhutanese, Maldivian and Nepali populations.Results51 included studies were published between 1991 and 2018. Sample sizes ranged from 25 to 38 733 and participants had a mean age of 18 to 83 years. Our review showed that South Asian women generally had lower screening rates than host country women. South Asian women had poorer knowledge of cancer and cancer prevention and experienced more barriers to screening. Cultural practices and assumptions influenced understandings of cancer and prevention, emphasising the importance of host country cultures and healthcare systems.ConclusionsHigh-quality research on screening attendance is required using prospective designs, where objectively validated attendance is predicted from cultural understandings, beliefs, norms and practices, thus informing policy on targeting relevant public health messages to the South Asian communities about screening for cancer.PROSPERO registration numberCSD 42015025284.

scholarly journals Analysis of whole-genome re-sequencing data of ducks reveals a diverse demographic history and extensive gene flow between Southeast/South Asian and Chinese populations

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jiang ◽  
Ruiyi Lin ◽  
Changyi Xiao ◽  
Tanghui Xie ◽  
Yaoxin Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Chinese Populations ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The most prolific duck genetic resource in the world is located in Southeast/South Asia but little is known about the domestication and complex histories of these duck populations. Results Based on whole-genome resequencing data of 78 ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) and 31 published whole-genome duck sequences, we detected three geographic distinct genetic groups, including local Chinese, wild, and local Southeast/South Asian populations. We inferred the demographic history of these duck populations with different geographical distributions and found that the Chinese and Southeast/South Asian ducks shared similar demographic features. The Chinese domestic ducks experienced the strongest population bottleneck caused by domestication and the last glacial maximum (LGM) period, whereas the Chinese wild ducks experienced a relatively weak bottleneck caused by domestication only. Furthermore, the bottleneck was more severe in the local Southeast/South Asian populations than in the local Chinese populations, which resulted in a smaller effective population size for the former (7100–11,900). We show that extensive gene flow has occurred between the Southeast/South Asian and Chinese populations, and between the Southeast Asian and South Asian populations. Prolonged gene flow was detected between the Guangxi population from China and its neighboring Southeast/South Asian populations. In addition, based on multiple statistical approaches, we identified a genomic region that included three genes (PNPLA8, THAP5, and DNAJB9) on duck chromosome 1 with a high probability of gene flow between the Guangxi and Southeast/South Asian populations. Finally, we detected strong signatures of selection in genes that are involved in signaling pathways of the nervous system development (e.g., ADCYAP1R1 and PDC) and in genes that are associated with morphological traits such as cell growth (e.g., IGF1R). Conclusions Our findings provide valuable information for a better understanding of the domestication and demographic history of the duck, and of the gene flow between local duck populations from Southeast/South Asia and China.

scholarly journals A Validation Study of the Mandibular Canine Index Method of Sexual Assessment Using Two Decedent American Populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Coberly
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Biological Anthropology ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Arch Width ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Sexual Assessment ◽  
Sex Assessment ◽  
Mandibular Canine ◽  
The Right ◽  
Larger Sample

Rao and colleagues created the Mandibular Canine Index (MCI) as a method of sex assessment. It has primarily been used on living South Asian populations. This study applies the Index to two decedent American populations in hopes that it will applicable to the field of Forensic Anthropology. Forty-five individuals from the C.A. Pound Human Identification Lab and the Wichita State Biological Anthropology Lab with full mandibular dentition were studied. The mesio-distal width of both right and left canines and the canine arch width were taken and the MCI calculated along with the standard MCI. Results show that the MCI is not statistically significant in determining males from females (p=.461 for right and p=.473 for left).  The standard MCI was .242 for the right and .246 for the left. This gave an accuracy of 37% to 44% for males and 44% to 45% for females. The mesio-distal length (p = .002 for right and .001 for left) and canine arch width (p=.019) on their own were statistically significant and can be used in sex assessment if the teeth are present although they should be used with other methods.  Further study should be done with a larger sample size to see if results are consistent.

scholarly journals South Asian populations in Canada: migration and mental health

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Islam ◽  
Nazilla Khanlou ◽  
Hala Tamim
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Populations

Diabetes in South Asians

2011 ◽  
pp. 1799-1803
Author(s):  
A. Ramachandran ◽  
C. Snehalatha
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Diabetic Population

Developing countries, mainly in the Indian subcontinent and China, contribute nearly 80% to the rising global diabetic population. Conservative estimates, based on population growth, ageing of population, and rate of urbanization in Asia, show that India and China will remain the top two countries with the highest number of people with diabetes by 2025: 71 and 38 million, respectively. Two other South Asian countries, Pakistan and Bangladesh, also are in the top ten list. The South Asian populations of Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka are racially heterogeneous, but all have high risk for diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Type 1 diabetes is relatively less common, and nearly 95% of all diabetic cases in these regions are type 2 diabetes. The steady rise in the prevalence of diabetes seen in last three decades coincides with rapid urbanization and industrialization, and associated sociological and political changes, occurring in these countries (1). Among the populations, physical activity has reduced significantly, intake of energy-dense food has increased, and mental and physical stress factors associated with urban living have also increased. A tilt in the energy balance towards conservation and fat deposition has contributed to the alarming increase in the rate of obesity, both in adults and children.

Quantified coronary plaque characteristics between Caucasian and Morise score-matched South Asian populations

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 2347-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor Gahungu ◽  
Shrankhala Tewari ◽  
Ying Wei Liu ◽  
Joao R. Inacio ◽  
Benjamin J. Chow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Coronary Plaque ◽  
Asian Populations

scholarly journals Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in south Asian population: evidence from nationally-representative surveys

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fariha Binte Hossain ◽  
Gourab Adhikary ◽  
Ariful Bari Chowdhury ◽  
Md Shajedur Rahman Shawon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
National Committee ◽  
South Asian Population ◽  
Asian Populations

Abstract Background Although there has been a well-established association between overweight-obesity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations, or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We explored the associations of overweight and obesity using South Asian cut-offs with hypertension, and also examined the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in various socioeconomic subgroups. Methods We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, with a total of 821,040 men and women. Hypertension was defined by 2017 ACC/AHA cut-offs and by Joint National Committee 7 (JNC7) cut-offs for measured blood pressure and overweight and obesity were defined by measured height and weight. We used multiple logistic regressions to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension for overweight and obesity as well as for each 5-unit increase in BMI. Results The prevalence of hypertension using JNC7 cut-offs among participants increased by age in all three countries. The prevalence ranged from 17.4% in 35–44 years to 34.9% in ≥55 years in Bangladesh, from 4.6% in 18–24 years to 28.6% in 45–54 years in India, and from 3.8% in 18–24 years to 39.2% in ≥55 years in Nepal. Men were more likely to be hypertensive than women in India and Nepal, but not in Bangladesh. Overweight and obesity using both WHO and South Asian cut-offs were associated with higher odds of hypertension in all countries. For each 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI, the ORs for hypertension were 1.79 (95% CI: 1.65–1.93), 1.59 (95% CI: 1.58–1.61), and 2.03 (95% CI: 1.90–2.16) in Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, respectively. The associations between BMI and hypertension were consistent across various subgroups defined by sex, age, urbanicity, educational attainment and household’s wealth index. Conclusions Our study shows that the association of BMI with hypertension is stronger for South Asian populations at even lower cut-offs points for overweight and obesity. Therefore, public health measures to reduce population-level reduction in BMI in all population groups would also help in lowering the burden of hypertension.

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