A Within-Individual Examination of the Predictors of Gun Carrying During Adolescence and Young Adulthood Among Young Men

AbstractAlthough prior studies have identified several risk factors for gun carrying, no prior longitudinal studies have examined a comprehensive set of explanatory factors together in within-individual change models or examined whether the predictors of gun carrying change across adolescence and early young adulthood. The present study fills these gaps by examining the predictive utility of several risk factors for gun carrying, and by examining whether any of the associations vary by age. The sample included 1216 young men who were arrested for the first time during adolescence (approximately 15 years old) and interviewed regularly for 5 years (until approximately 20 years old) after the first arrest. The outcome was youth-self-reported gun carrying and the risk factors included several variables consistent with various explanations for gun carrying (psychosocial maturity deficits; antisocial behavioral style; socialization; victimization). Research questions were addressed with fixed effects dynamic panel models (within-individual change models). Results showed that the most robust predictors of gun carrying were increased exposure to guns and gun-related violence and increased engagement in other antisocial and illegal behavior. The results emphasize the specific etiology of gun carrying and the potential social contagion effect of gun-related events. Overall, the study points to the need for prevention and intervention programs to specifically target the reduction of the real and perceived prevalence of gun-related events in young men’s lives.

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Depressive symptoms across adolescence and young adulthood in men: Predictions from parental and contextual risk factors

Development and Psychopathology ◽

10.1017/s0954579403000257 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 469-495 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

HYOUN K. KIM ◽

DEBORAH M. CAPALDI ◽

MIKE STOOLMILLER

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Family Income ◽

Young Men ◽

Maternal Depressive Symptoms ◽

Contextual Risk ◽

Marital Transitions ◽

Contextual Risk Factors

The current study examined the course of depressive symptoms of young men from early adolescence through young adulthood using a growth model approach and the influence of early parental (i.e., depressive symptoms, antisocial behaviors, substance use) and contextual (i.e., family income and parental marital transitions) risk factors on both the level of depressive symptoms in early adolescence and on changes over a 10-year period, controlling for young men's early antisocial behavior. On average, depressive symptoms of the youths tended to decrease slightly as they reached young adulthood. Among the parental and contextual risk factors, parent's marital transitions was the most significant predictor for the level of depressive symptoms in early adolescence. Parent's marital transitions and family income were also significantly related to changes in depressive symptoms. As hypothesized, there was a significant interaction effect of paternal and maternal depressive symptoms on depressive symptoms in early adolescence and on changes over time. Maternal depressive symptoms were related to the son's depressive symptoms only when the father's depressive symptoms were also high. The results also suggested that parenting practices did not mediate the effects of the parental and contextual risk factors on the development of depressive symptoms among young men.

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A Within-Individual Examination of the Predictors of Gun Carrying During Adolescence and Young Adulthood Among Young Men

10.21428/cb6ab371.a49a0928 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jordan Beardslee ◽

Emily Kan ◽

Cortney Simmons ◽

Dustin Pardini ◽

Monica Peniche ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adulthood ◽

Young Men ◽

Gun Carrying ◽

Adolescence And Young Adulthood ◽

Individual Examination

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Perinatal and familial risk factors for soft tissue sarcomas in childhood through young adulthood: A population-based assessment in 4 million live births.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.735543879.793575967 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Pappo

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Soft Tissue ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Familial Risk ◽

Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽

Population Based ◽

Live Births ◽

Familial Risk Factors

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Predictors of disordered eating in adolescence and young adulthood

International Journal of Behavioral Development ◽

10.1177/0165025413514871 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 128-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Dawit Shawel Abebe ◽

Leila Torgersen ◽

Lars Lien ◽

Gertrud S. Hafstad ◽

Tilmann von Soest

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Early Adolescence ◽

Developmental Psychopathology ◽

Population Based ◽

Specific Risk ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Developmental Phases ◽

Gender Specific

We investigated longitudinal predictors for disordered eating from early adolescence to young adulthood (12–34 years) across gender and different developmental phases among Norwegian young people. Survey data from a population-based sample were collected at four time points (T) over a 13-year time span. A population-based sample of 5,679 females and males at T1 and T2, 2,745 at T3 and 2,718 at T4 were included in analyses, and linear regression and random intercept models were applied. In adolescence, initial disordered eating and parental overprotectiveness were more strongly related to disordered eating among females, whereas loneliness was a stronger predictor for adolescent males. Initial disordered eating during early adolescence predicted later disordered eating more strongly in late- than mid-adolescence. In young adulthood, no significant gender-specific risk factors were found. The findings provide support for both shared and specific risk factors for the developmental psychopathology of disordered eating.

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Adolescent risk factors for late-onset smoking among African American young men

Nicotine & Tobacco Research ◽

10.1080/14622200601078350 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 153-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Helene Raskin White ◽

Nancy Violette ◽

Lisa Metzger ◽

Magda Stouthamer-Loeber

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

African American ◽

Late Onset ◽

Young Men ◽

Adolescent Risk ◽

African American Young Men

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Risk Factors Associated with Irreversible Airway Obstruction in Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/9868704 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lanlan Zhang ◽

Lixiu He ◽

Jin Gong ◽

Chuntao Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Atopic Dermatitis ◽

Airway Obstruction ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Smoking Exposure ◽

Asthma Patients ◽

Irreversible Airway Obstruction

Irreversible airway obstruction (IAO) is a subtype of asthma and relates to poorer prognosis in some asthma patients. However, the prevalence and risk factors for IAO are unknown. A systematic review regarding controlled clinical studies (cohort, case-control studies) on IAO asthma in adult and/or children affected by asthma/early wheeze was performed. Eighteen papers were identified in this study. It was reported that the incidence of IAO at random effects or fixed effects in severe asthma and nonsevere asthma was 0.54 (95% CI: 0.45–0.62) and 0.16 (95% CI: 0.12–0.20), respectively. In IAO asthma, the pooled odds ratio (OR) related to smoking exposure was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.82–2.73), the OR for male, smoking, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) was 2.22 (95% CI: 1.82–2.7), 1.79 (95% CI: 1.46–2.19), and 2.16 (95% CI: 1.05–4.43), respectively, suggesting these factors increase the risk of IAO. However, a decreased OR in IAO asthma was observed due to rhinitis (OR = 0.31, 95% CI: 0.24–0.40), atopy (OR = 0.584, 95% CI: 0.466–0.732), and atopic dermatitis (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.42–0.85), indicating these factors are associated with reduced risk of IAO. IAO in asthma is associated with gender, smoking, FENO, rhinitis, atopy, and atopic dermatitis.

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Risk factors in preadolescent boys and girls for the development of eating pathology in young adulthood

International Journal of Eating Disorders ◽

10.1002/eat.23496 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Annelies E. Eeden ◽

Albertine J. Oldehinkel ◽

Daphne Hoeken ◽

Hans W. Hoek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Adulthood ◽

Eating Pathology

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Abstract P006: Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factor Burden is Associated With Hearing Loss in Young Men: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.p006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Rachael R Baiduc ◽

Brittany Bogle ◽

Franklyn Gonzalez ◽

Elizabeth Dinces ◽

David J Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Total Cholesterol ◽

Young Women ◽

Young Men ◽

Health Study ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Hispanic Community

Introduction: Over 30 million Americans suffer from hearing loss (HL). Studies suggest that established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors may contribute to the pathophysiology of the inner ear. However, the aggregate effect of CVD risk factors on hearing is not well understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that high CVD risk burden is associated with worse hearing. Methods: We assessed younger (ages 18-34) and older (ages 55-64) Hispanic Community Health Study / Study of Latinos participants who underwent audiometry in 2008-11. After excluding those with conductive pathology and asymmetric HL, we randomly chose one ear for analysis. Puretone thresholds were obtained at 0.5-8 kHz; puretone average (PTA) was calculated using thresholds at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz. Low CVD risk burden was defined as having all of: blood pressure (BP) <120/<80 mmHg; total cholesterol <180 mg/dL; not currently smoking; and not having prevalent diabetes. High CVD risk burden was defined as ≥ 2 of: diabetes; currently smoking; BP >160/>100 mmHg (or antihypertensive use); and total cholesterol >240 mg/dL (or statin use). By age group and sex, we estimated hearing thresholds per frequency with linear regression models adjusted for noise exposure. Least squares estimates were calculated using strata-specific means of covariates. Estimates were compared via t-tests. Data were weighted for all analyses and accounted for clustering. Results: Among younger and older individuals in the target population (51.9% female), 28.8% had low and 5.5% had high CVD risk. Younger men with high CVD risk had worse PTA than young men with low risk (7.7 dB HL [7.0-8.4] vs. 10.5 dB HL [8.4-12.5], p =0.02), and had significantly worse thresholds at 1,3,4,6 kHz than those with low risk ( Figure ). There was no difference in PTA or thresholds at any frequency by CVD risk burden in young women, older men, or older women. Conclusions: CVD risk burden is associated with HL among young men, but not young women or older adults. CVD risk burden may be useful for identifying young men at risk for HL.

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Performance measurement models and their influence on net fundraising of investment funds

Revista Contabilidade & Finanças ◽

10.1590/1808-057x201805330 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (78) ◽

pp. 435-451

Author(s):

Anderson Rocha de J. Fernandes ◽

Simone Evangelista Fonseca ◽

Robert Aldo Iquiapaza

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Time Windows ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Fund Performance ◽

Capital Asset Pricing ◽

Investment Funds ◽

Measurement Models ◽

Asset Pricing Models ◽

Two Phases

ABSTRACT This article aims to analyze the relation between third- and fourth-order conditions and risk factors and their adequacy to return, performance, and net fundraising. The factors used to determine fund performance and, consequently, their relation with fundraising are: market return, size, book-to-market, profitability, investment, co-skewness, and co-kurtosis. The funds constituting the sample are those classified as Free Stocks (within the period from April 2001 to April 2015). Methodologically, this study has two phases. The first one refers to estimating the parameters that represent fund sensitivity to the factors and the comparison of the capital asset pricing models (CAPM), Fama-French-Carhart 4-factor (FFC), Fama-French 5-factor (FF5), Fama-French 5-factor with momentum (FF5M), added or not with co-moments, by means of the fixed-effects procedure. The second one deals with verifying the relation between performance and net fundraising. The models were reestimated through moving time windows, so that the alpha calculated on each of them represented fund performance within the immediately subsequent period. We also estimated the relation fundraising-performance through cross-section regressions, with rates and age as control variables. The results showed that the co-skewness and co-kurtosis coefficients are not that relevant for determining performance and net fundraising of investment funds. Among the risk factors, market, size, and momentum are the significant parameters for fund returns. The FFC and FF5M models are those with greater explanatory power regarding return specification. There is also evidence of convexity in the relation between performance and fundraising.

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