scholarly journals Rewriting the History of Connexive Logic

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Lenzen
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Classical Logic ◽  
Paraconsistent Logic ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Relevance Logic ◽  
Overwhelming Majority ◽  
Lewis Carroll ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
History Of ◽  
Connexive Logic

AbstractThe “official” history of connexive logic was written in 2012 by Storrs McCall who argued that connexive logic was founded by ancient logicians like Aristotle, Chrysippus, and Boethius; that it was further developed by medieval logicians like Abelard, Kilwardby, and Paul of Venice; and that it was rediscovered in the 19th and twentieth century by Lewis Carroll, Hugh MacColl, Frank P. Ramsey, and Everett J. Nelson. From 1960 onwards, connexive logic was finally transformed into non-classical calculi which partly concur with systems of relevance logic and paraconsistent logic. In this paper it will be argued that McCall’s historical analysis is fundamentally mistaken since it doesn’t take into account two versions of connexivism. While “humble” connexivism maintains that connexive properties (like the condition that no proposition implies its own negation) only apply to “normal” (e.g., self-consistent) antecedents, “hardcore” connexivism insists that they also hold for “abnormal” propositions. It is shown that the overwhelming majority of the forerunners of connexive logic were only “humble” connexivists. Their ideas concerning (“humbly”) connexive implication don’t give rise, however, to anything like a non-classical logic.

scholarly journals Soviet Modernity: Stephen Kotkin and the Bolshevik Predicament

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANNA KRYLOVA
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Collective Property ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Way

‘Modernity’ has long been a working category of historical analysis in Russian and Soviet studies. Like any established category, it bears a history of its own characterised by founding assumptions, conceptual possibilities and lasting interpretive habits. Stephen Kotkin's work has played a special role in framing the kind of scholarship this category has enabled and the kind of modernity it has assigned to twentieth-century Russia. Kotkin's 1995Magnetic Mountainintroduced the concept of ‘socialist modernity’. His continued work with the concept in his 2001Kritikaarticle ‘Modern Times’ and his 2001Armageddon Avertedmarked crucial moments in the history of the discipline and have positioned the author as a pioneering and dominant voice on the subject for nearly two decades. Given the defining nature of Kotkin's work, a critical discussion of its impact on the way the discipline conceives of Soviet modernisation and presents it to non-Russian fields is perhaps overdue. Here, I approach Kotkin's work on modernity as the field's collective property in need of a critical, deconstructive reading for its underlying assumptions, prescribed master narratives, and resultant paradoxes.

scholarly journals Gendering Ottoman Labor History: The Cibali Régie Factory in the Early Twentieth Century

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (S17) ◽  
pp. 45-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gülhan Balsoy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Labor History ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
Sexual Division Of Labor ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

SummaryThis article examines the “mutual distancing” between Ottoman labor history and women’s and gender history. For this purpose, I first summarize the scholarship produced by each field and scrutinize the ways in which both fields have remained unresponsive toward one another. I then offer a specific way to make women visible to labor history in the particular setting of the Cibali Régie Factory in the early decades of the twentieth century. Using photographic images of the factory and an approach which applies gender as a conceptual tool of historical analysis, I discuss the social conditions of work, the sexual division of labor, and the channels through which power structures were established in the Cibali factory. This study does not claim to present a comprehensive history of labor in the Ottoman Empire; my goal is rather to make women visible to labor history, to remind one that women were present on the shop floor, and to discuss how the available sources can be interpreted in gendered ways. In that sense, this article challenges the mainstream of Ottoman labor history, and seeks to answer the question as to why the female workers who appear in the photographs, in archival documents, and in other sources have so far remained largely invisible in the historiography.

Mamas on Mission: Retracing the Church through the Spiritual Life Writing of Single Female Evangelical Missionaries

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-313
Author(s):  
Laura Chevalier
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Life Writing ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Compassionate Care ◽  
Single Female ◽  
Feminine Spirituality ◽  
Women's Lives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

Abstract This article plumbs the spiritual life writing of two twentieth-century single female evangelical missionaries, Lillian Trasher and Dr. Helen Roseveare, for evidence of the church. It rests on concepts of feminine spirituality and the history of women and mission. The historical analysis traces the women’s lives from their early formation through their mission work and looks at six themes of the church on mission that emerged from their writing. It argues that they served as mamas of the church in their contexts by nurturing life through their acts of compassionate care. Their small but deliberate acts of sacrifice and service continue to pose missiological invitations and challenges to the church. Therefore, the article also builds an initial “mama theology” of the church on mission by examining where images in Isaiah and impulses in mission today intersect with the themes in the women’s writing.

A History of Bodies

2018 ◽  
pp. 237-250
Author(s):  
Annette Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Mexican American Women ◽  
Pedagogical Choices ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Continuum

This chapter explores the development of pedagogical choices and historical practice via familial and professional mentorship. Rodríguez argues for the critical role of mentorship for the development of women in the historical profession. Naming her work “a history of the gaps,” she discusses widening the definition of historical actors as well as subjects of historical analysis. As an example, the chapter points to the continuum of women acting against racist violence, documenting, analyzing, and historicizing racist violence—against previously masculinist narratives. Demonstrating a “history of the gaps,” Rodríguez’s chapter concludes with the testimonies of Mexican and Mexican American women whose X marks confirmed anti-Mexican murders at the turn of the twentieth century.

scholarly journals Kultur und Geschichte der Deutschen im östlichen Europa im deutsch-polnischen Diskurs. Über Asymmetrien des historischen Erinnerns

2017 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 399-423
Author(s):  
Matthias Weber
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Historical Issues

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit zwei Bereichen: der deutschen und polnischen Auseinandersetzung mit der gemeinsamen Vergangenheit ebenso wie mit der deutsch-polnischen Konfliktgeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Er argumentiert für eine wechselseitige Abgleichung, Ergänzung und Vervollständigung der Geschichtsbilder, ohne zu versuchen, Vereinheitlichungen oder gar Standardisierungen vorzunehmen; dabei werden wissenschaftliche Fragen ebenso wie praktische Probleme der Gestaltung von kollektiver Erinnerung angesprochen.Culture and history of the Germans in Eastern Europein German-Polish debate. On the asymmetry of memoriesThis paper deals with both past and current German and Polish historical debate on the common past and experiences, and especially the history of conflict in the twentieth century. It argues for a reconciliation and the mutual completion of historical analysis and views of history. It argues likewise for contrasting approaches to become attuned to and supplement one another without seeking to standardize the consideration of historical issues. Perspectives of scholarly as well as of practical questions of memory are reflected.

scholarly journals Iconic Faces of Ukrainian Television (50-70s of the Twentith Century)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232
Author(s):  
Svitlana Kotliar ◽  
Vitalii Volkov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time

The purpose of the research is to analyze the first steps of the television formation in Ukraine, to determine the factors of the television influence's growth on the viewer audience. The research methodology consists of the following methods: historical – analysis of sources about the first steps and development of television in Ukraine in the 50–the 70s of the twentieth century; theoretical – the factors’ study of the increasing television influence on the audience. The scientific novelty of the research is the investigation of the main stages of the television space development of Ukraine in the first decades from the beginning of regular broadcasting, as well as the works of researchers of the history of Ukrainian television, have been thoroughly analyzed, the facts about the first announcers of UT have been systematized for the first time. Conclusions. In the course of the article, we proved that the technical and technological development of television in Ukraine, the growth of its influence on viewers, would have been impossible without prominent figures, representatives of various television professions who took part in the process of organizing and providing television broadcasting. The audience saw some of them on the screens, but many iconic names remained behind the scenes. The task of researchers is to identify the personas and roles of all pioneers and to preserve these names for history, for future generations.

Surmounting Adversities in the Land of Lincoln

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Fennell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sundown Towns ◽  
Almost All

The history of New Philadelphia illustrates significant elements of the systemic impacts of racism on citizens and communities in the United States. Similar experiences are presented in the development of other communities that struggled against such adversities. This chapter examines additional case studies of structural racism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Illinois. In his study of “sundown towns,” James Loewen found that many Illinois towns engaged in extensive discrimination in this period. Such sundown jurisdictions permitted African Americans access to their terrain as laborers during the day, but not as residents. His research showed that “almost all all-white towns and counties in Illinois were all-white on purpose” by the early twentieth century. In contrast, other communities embodied African-American aspirations. Fennell examines such racial dynamics using examples from archaeological and historical analysis of three more African-American communities in Illinois: Miller Grove, Brooklyn, and the Equal Rights settlement outside of Galena.

The Art of Hunger

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alys Moody
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Literary Modernism ◽  
World War ◽  
Paul Auster ◽  
Aesthetic Autonomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth

As literary modernism was emerging in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a number of its most important figures and precursors began to talk about their own writing as a kind of starvation. The Art of Hunger: Aesthetic Autonomy and the Afterlives of Modernism uses this trope as a lens through which to examine contemporary literature’s engagement with modernism, arguing that hunger offers a way of grappling with the fate of aesthetic autonomy through modernism’s late twentieth-century afterlives. The art of hunger appears at moments where aesthetic autonomy enters a period of crisis, and in this context, the writers examined here develop an alternate theory of aesthetic autonomy, which imagines art not as a conduit for freedom, but rather as an enactment of unfreedom. This book traces this theme from the origins of modernism to the end of the twentieth century, focusing particularly on three authors who redeploy the modernist art of hunger as a response to key moments in the history of modernist aesthetic autonomy’s delegitimization: Samuel Beckett in post-Vichy France; Paul Auster in post-1968 Paris and New York; and J. M. Coetzee in late apartheid South Africa. Combining historical analysis of these literary fields with close readings of individual texts, and drawing extensively on new archival research, this book offers a counter-history of modernism’s post-World War II reception and a new theory of aesthetic autonomy as a practice of unfreedom.

Historical Descriptions and Prescriptions for Adolescence

1992 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanawalt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Modern Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Female Adolescence ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Definition Of

The use of the term “adolescence” for any period other than the late nineteenth or twentieth century has been much debated. Aries denied that the medieval period had a life phase that could be described with such a term; others have argued that the term carries a particular, very modern meaning even if Augustine did use the term adolescentia. This introduction to a collection of essays on the history of adolescence shows that the life stage was a well recognized and defined one through the Middle Ages and into the modern period. While the modern period did not invent adolescence, it did modify the definition. Constants in acolescence from the thirteenth through the twentieth century are the struggle between adults and youth over entry and exit from adolescence and for control during that period. But much changes over the centuries. Social scientific discussions that aid in our historical analysis are almost entirely based on the male rather than the female experience. While cultural change modifies the male definitions of adolescence, the medieval and twentieth-century definition of female adolescence stays closer to biological than social definitions of puberty.

scholarly journals Tafuri on Hous-‘ing’: Housing History as City-making Praxis

2017 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Irina Davidovici
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
History Of Ideas ◽  
Discursive Practice ◽  
Housing Projects ◽  
European Cities ◽  
History Of

Manfredo Tafuri’s assessment of modernist housing projects as “islands of realised utopia” summarises dilemmas still faced in the production of European cities today. In his writings, Tafuri has consistently shown that housing is not only about industrial production but, fundamentally, social reproduction. Understood as a discursive practice, the history of housing as a history of ideas reveals fundamental mechanisms in the production of urban space. The historian’s perspective necessarily engages with cycles of cultural production and economic enterprise, intertwined in endless discourse.  On this basis, this article reviews the research methodologies distilled from Tafuri’s housing case studies in Berlin and Frankfurt, Vienna and Rome, in order to, firstly, re-evaluate the critical instruments of the housing historian, and secondly, trace their transformation as theoretical discourses into practices of city-making. Taking into account Tafuri’s notion of historical analysis as a contradictory, complex and constantly renewable operation, the paper proposes a revised understanding of twentieth-century housing history as a history of productive urban practices.

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