Regulatory mechanism of GA3 on tuber growth by DELLA-dependent pathway in yam (Dioscorea opposita)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunyi Zhou ◽  
Yuting Li ◽  
Mingxia Gong ◽  
Fang Qin ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Dioscorea Opposita ◽  
Dependent Pathway

scholarly journals Integrated mRNA and miRNA transcriptome analysis reveals a regulatory network for tuber expansion in Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Yi Zhou ◽  
Shuzhen Luo ◽  
Saba Hameed ◽  
Dong Xiao ◽  
Jie Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Chinese Yam ◽  
Dioscorea Opposita ◽  
Expansion Stage

Abstract Background Yam tuber is a storage organ, derived from the modified stem. Tuber expansion is a complex process, and depends on the expressions of genes that can be influenced by environmental and endogenous factors. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanism of tuber expansion. In order to identify the genes and miRNAs involved in tuber expansion, we examined the mRNAs and small RNAs in Dioscorea opposita (Chinese yam) cv. Guihuai 16 tuber during its initiation and expansion stages. Results A total of 14238 differentially expressed genes in yam tuber at its expansion stage were identified by using RNA sequencing technology. Among them, 5723 genes were up-regulated, and 8515 genes were down-regulated. Functional analysis revealed the coordination of tuber plant involved in processes of cell events, metabolism, biosynthesis, and signal transduction pathways at transcriptional level, suggesting that these differentially expressed genes are somehow involved in response to tuber expansion, including CDPK, CaM, CDL, SAUR, DELLA, SuSy, and expansin. In addition, 541 transcription factor genes showed differential expression during the expansion stage at transcriptional level. MADS, bHLH, and GRAS were involved in cell differentiation, division, and expansion, which may relate to tuber expansion. Noteworthy, data analysis revealed that 22 known tuber miRNAs belong to 10 miRNA families, and 50 novel miRNAs were identified. The integrated analysis of miRNA-mRNA showed that 4 known miRNAs and 11 genes formed 14 miRNA-target mRNA pairs were co-expressed in expansion stage. miRNA160, miRNA396, miRNA535 and miRNA5021 may be involved in complex network to regulate cell division and differentiation in yam during its expansion stage. Conclusion The mRNA and miRNA datasets presented here identified a subset of candidate genes and miRNAs that are putatively associated with tuber expansion in yam, a hypothetical model of genetic regulatory network associated with tuber expansion in yam was put forward, which may provide a foundation for molecular regulatory mechanism researching on tuber expansion in Dioscorea species.

scholarly journals Novel Functional metabolites that affect biofilm formation are regulated by bioavailable iron with siderophore-dependent pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Guo ◽  
Xilin Luo ◽  
Jingjing Liu ◽  
Haitao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Industrial Contamination ◽  
Phenotypic Changes ◽  
Stressful Environments ◽  
Dependent Pathway

AbstractBiofilms are broadly formed by diverse microorganisms under stressful environments and are basically surrounded by an EPS matrix, enabling bacterial cells to confer more resistance to biocides, antibiotics and other invasions than their planktonic counterparts. However, biofilm formation causes problems in various fields, including clinical infections, environmental pollution, agricultural production and industrial contamination. Unfortunately, the mechanism of biofilm formation has not been completely elucidated, and currently, we lack an efficient strategy to tackle these tough problems and destroy biofilms. In the present study, we sought to decipher the mechanism of biofilm formation through the regulation of functional metabolites regulated by iron. By exposing bacterial cells to various concentrations of iron, we found that iron can regulate biofilm formation, and phenotypic changes were obviously dependent on iron concentration. A functional metabolome assay was further implemented to investigate the regulatory mechanism of iron on biofilm formation; we verified that siderophores (linear enterobactin, yersiniabactin, di-glucosylated-salmochelin and HPTT-COOH) mostly account for the transportation of iron into bacterial cells. Then, bioavailable iron was recruited by bacterial cells to direct the biosynthesis and expression of five functional metabolites (L-tryptophan, 5’-MTA, spermidine, CMP and L-leucine), which were identified as new effectors that directly regulate biofilm formation. Taken together, this study is the first to identify five new metabolic effectors to efficiently regulate biofilm formation, the biosynthesis and expression of these functional metabolites can be targeted to tackle the challenging problems associated with biofilm formation in different fields.

scholarly journals Cdc42 activity is essential for the interplay between cAMP/PKA pathway and CatSper function

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermina M. Luque ◽  
Xinran Xu ◽  
Ana Romarowski ◽  
María G. Gervasi ◽  
Gerardo Orta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Camp Production ◽  
Mammalian Sperm ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Complex Regulation ◽  
Principal Piece ◽  
Pka Pathway ◽  
Dependent Pathway ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stimulation Of

AbstractSperm acquire the ability to fertilize in a process called capacitation and undergo hyperactivation, a change in the motility pattern, which depends on Ca2+ transport by CatSper channels. CatSper is essential for fertilization and it is subjected to a complex regulation that is not fully understood. Here, we report that similar to CatSper, Cdc42 distribution in the principal piece is confined to four linear domains and this localization is disrupted in CatSper1-null sperm. Cdc42 inhibition impaired CatSper activity and other Ca2+-dependent downstream events resulting in a severe compromise of the sperm fertilizing potential. We also demonstrate that Cdc42 is essential for CatSper function by modulating cAMP production by sAC, providing a new regulatory mechanism for the stimulation of CatSper by the cAMP/PKA-dependent pathway. These results reveal a broad mechanistic insight into the regulation of Ca2+ in mammalian sperm, a matter of critical importance in male infertility as well as in contraception.

The Mechanism of Platelet Aggregation Induced by HLA-Related Antibodies

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (05) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T Brandt ◽  
Carmen J Julius ◽  
Jeanne M Osborne ◽  
Clark L Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Complement Activation ◽  
Thromboembolic Disease ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Hla Antigen ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Dependent Pathway

SummaryImmune-mediated platelet activation is emerging as an important pathogenic mechanism of thrombosis. In vitro studies have suggested two distinct pathways for immune-mediated platelet activation; one involving clustering of platelet FcyRIIa, the other involving platelet-associated complement activation. HLA-related antibodies have been shown to cause platelet aggregation, but the mechanism has not been clarified. We evaluated the mechanism of platelet aggregation induced by HLA-related antibodies from nine patients. Antibody to platelet FcyRIIa failed to block platelet aggregation with 8/9 samples, indicating that engagement of platelet FcyRIIa is not necessary for the platelet aggregation induced by HLA-related antibodies. In contrast, platelet aggregation was blocked by antibodies to human C8 (5/7) or C9 (7/7). F(ab’)2 fragments of patient IgG failed to induce platelet activation although they bound to HLA antigen on platelets. Intact patient IgG failed to aggregate washed platelets unless aged serum was added. The activating IgG could be adsorbed by incubation with lymphocytes and eluted from the lymphocytes. These results indicate that complement activation is involved in the aggregation response to HLA-related antibodies. This is the first demonstration of complement-mediated platelet aggregation by clinical samples. Five of the patients developed thrombocytopenia in relationship to blood transfusion and two patients developed acute thromboembolic disease, suggesting that these antibodies and the complement-dependent pathway of platelet aggregation may be of clinical significance.

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