Silicon fertilization increases gas-exchange and biomass by silicophytolith deposition in the leaves of contrasting drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars under well-watered conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Sartori Camargo ◽  
Mariana Fernández Honaine ◽  
Margarita Osterrieth ◽  
Natália Ganzaroli Bozza ◽  
Vicente da Mota Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Silicon Fertilization

Genotype-dependent influence of night-time vapour pressure deficit on night-time transpiration and daytime gas exchange in wheat

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémy Schoppach ◽  
Elodie Claverie ◽  
Walid Sadok
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Triticum Spp ◽  
Semiarid Areas

In crop plants, accumulating evidence indicates non-marginal night-time transpiration (TRNight) that is responsive to environmental conditions, especially in semiarid areas. However, the agronomical advantages resulting from such phenomenon remain obscure. Recently, drought-tolerance strategies directly stemming from daytime TR (TRDay) responses to daytime vapour pressure deficit VPD (VPDDay) were identified in wheat (Triticum spp.), but the existence of similar strategies resulting from TRNight response to night-time VPD (VPDNight) remains to be investigated, especially that preliminary evidence on this species indicates that TRNight might be responsive to VPDNight. Our study aims at investigating such strategies among a group of diverse lines including drought-tolerant genotypes. The study revealed that: (i) TRNight can be as high as 55% that of the maximal TRDay; (ii) VPDNight is the major driver of TRNight in a genotype-dependent fashion and has an impact on following daytime gas exchange; and (iii) a strong correlation exists between TR sensitivities to VPD under night-time and daytime conditions, revealing that tolerance strategies such as conservative water use do also exist under night-time environments. Overall, this report opens the way to further phenotyping and modelling work aiming at assessing the potential of using TRNight as a trait in breeding new drought-tolerant germplasm.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE AND FERN WATER POTENTIALS OF WATER-STRESSED ASPARAGUS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166g-1167
Author(s):  
Daniel Drost ◽  
Darlene Wilcox-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Intermediate Response ◽  
Low Levels

Asparagus is considered a relatively drought tolerant plant, but few studies are available on the gas exchange response to soil moisture stress. Seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for six months before initiation of the water stress treatments. Soils were allowed to dry to matric potentials of -0.05, -0.3 and -0.5 MPa before rewatering to pot capacity. Gas exchange and fern water potentials were measured diurnally on asparagus plants when soil matric potentials reached their minima. Decreasing soil matric potentials decreased net carbon dioxide assimilation, stomatal conductance and fern water potential. Assimilation rates (6 am) were between 3 and 5 umols m-2 s-1 for all soil moisture treatments. Carbon assimilation rates of 10, 8, and 7 umols m-2 s-1 were recorded at 10 am for the -0.05, -0.3 and -0.5 MPa soil matric potentials, respectively. Assimilation rates decreased sharply over the remainder of the day. The diurnal pattern for conductance were similar to the assimilation rates. Fern water potentials were greater in the -0.05 MPa than in the -0.5 MPa treatment for all measurement periods with an intermediate response for soil matric potentials of -0.3 MPa. Fern water potentials were highest at 6 am (-0.2 to -0.6 MPa) before declining to their minima (-1.5 to -1.8 MPa) at 10 am. Water potentials remained at these low levels throughout the day before recovering slightly at 6 pm.

Rootstock scion interaction effects on biochemical and gas exchange drought tolerant traits in arabica (Coffea arabica L.) coffee

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-327
Author(s):  
Somashekhargouda Patil ◽  
D’Souza G. F ◽  
Deepika Kumar Umesh ◽  
C. Rudragouda
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Coffea Arabica L

scholarly journals Morpho-anatomical and physiological alterations of passion fruit fertilized with silicone

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bárbara Nogueira Souza Costa ◽  
Irton de Jesus Silva Costa ◽  
Gabrielen de Maria Gomes Dias ◽  
Franscinely Aparecida de Assis ◽  
Leila Aparecida Salles Pio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Physiological Alterations ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Ultrastructural Characteristics ◽  
Polar Diameter

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of silicon fertilization on gas exchange, leaf anatomy, and ultrastructural characteristics of passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). The treatments comprised four concentrations of silicon (0, 0.28, 0.55, and 0.83 g per pot) at 1% silicic acid solution (SiO2.XH2O). This solution was applied around the stems of the plants. The first application was made 15 days after seedlings were transplanted. In total, three applications were made at 15-day intervals. The pots that constituted the control treatment received water in the same amount. After the final application, the plants were subjected to analyses of gas exchange, anatomical changes, and ultrastructural characteristics. The use of silicon promotes anatomical changes in passion fruit seedlings, such as increased adaxial epidermis thickness, reduced palisade parenchyma, and increased polar diameter/equatorial diameter ratio, which is related to stomata functionality. The concentrations of 0.55 and 0.83 g silicon per pot provide higher rates of photosynthesis, of transpiration, and stomatal conductance. The concentration of 0.83 g silicon per pot results in the greatest deposition of silicon in the abaxial epidermis of leaf surface.

scholarly journals Grafting cv. Grechetto Gentile Vines to New M4 Rootstock Improves Leaf Gas Exchange and Water Status as Compared to Commercial 1103P Rootstock

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Frioni ◽  
Arianna Biagioni ◽  
Cecilia Squeri ◽  
Sergio Tombesi ◽  
Matteo Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Co2 Uptake ◽  
Drought Tolerant

M4 is a relatively new rootstock that was selected for increased resilience of vineyards across hot regions where meteorological drought is often coupled to water scarcity. However, M4 has thus far been tested only against water-stress sensitive rootstocks. Against this backdrop, the aim of the present work is to examine the water status and gas exchange performances of vines grafted to M4 in comparison to those of vines grafted to a commercial stock that is drought-tolerant, 1103 Paulsen (1103P), under a progressive water deficit followed by re-watering. This study was undertaken on Grechetto Gentile, a cultivar that is renowned for its rather conservative water use (near-isohydric behavior). While fifty percent of both grafts were fully irrigated (WW), the remaining underwent progressive water stress by means of suspending irrigation (WS). Soil and leaf water status, as well as leaf gas exchanges, along with chlorophyll fluorescence, were followed daily from 1 day pre-stress (DOY 176) until re-watering (DOY 184). Final leaf area per vine, divided in main and lateral contribution, was also assessed. While 1103P grafted vines manifested higher water use under WW conditions, progressive stress evidenced a faster water depletion by 1103P, which also maintained slightly more negative midday leaf water potential (Ψleaf) as compared to M4 grafted plants. Daily gas exchange readings, as well as diurnal assessment performed at the peak of stress (DOY 183), also showed increased leaf assimilation rates (A) and water use efficiency (WUE) in vines grafted on M4, which were also less susceptible to photosynthetic downregulation. Dynamic of stomatal closure targeted at 90% reduction of leaf stomatal conductance showed a similar behavior among rootstocks since the above threshold was reached by both at Ψleaf of about −1.11 MPa. The same fractional reduction in leaf A was reached by vines grafted on M4 at a Ψleaf of −1.28 MPa vs. −1.10 MPa measured in 1103P, meaning that using M4 as a rootstock will postpone full stomatal closure. While mechanisms involved in improved CO2 uptake in M4-grafted vines under moderate-to-severe stress are still unclear, our data support the hypothesis that M4 might outscore the performance of a commercial drought-tolerant genotype (1103P) and can be profitably used as a tool to improve the resilience of vines to summer drought.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGE AND FERN WATER POTENTIALS OF WATER-STRESSED ASPARAGUS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1166G-1167
Author(s):  
Daniel Drost ◽  
Darlene Wilcox-Lee
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Assimilation ◽  
Soil Moisture Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Intermediate Response ◽  
Low Levels

Asparagus is considered a relatively drought tolerant plant, but few studies are available on the gas exchange response to soil moisture stress. Seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for six months before initiation of the water stress treatments. Soils were allowed to dry to matric potentials of -0.05, -0.3 and -0.5 MPa before rewatering to pot capacity. Gas exchange and fern water potentials were measured diurnally on asparagus plants when soil matric potentials reached their minima. Decreasing soil matric potentials decreased net carbon dioxide assimilation, stomatal conductance and fern water potential. Assimilation rates (6 am) were between 3 and 5 umols m-2 s-1 for all soil moisture treatments. Carbon assimilation rates of 10, 8, and 7 umols m-2 s-1 were recorded at 10 am for the -0.05, -0.3 and -0.5 MPa soil matric potentials, respectively. Assimilation rates decreased sharply over the remainder of the day. The diurnal pattern for conductance were similar to the assimilation rates. Fern water potentials were greater in the -0.05 MPa than in the -0.5 MPa treatment for all measurement periods with an intermediate response for soil matric potentials of -0.3 MPa. Fern water potentials were highest at 6 am (-0.2 to -0.6 MPa) before declining to their minima (-1.5 to -1.8 MPa) at 10 am. Water potentials remained at these low levels throughout the day before recovering slightly at 6 pm.

scholarly journals Vine Water Relations, Gas Exchange, and Vegetative Growth of Seventeen Vitis Species Grown under Irrigated and Nonirrigated Conditions in California

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Padgett-Johnson ◽  
L.E. Williams ◽  
M.A. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Vitis Species ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Leaf Osmotic Potential ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

A comparison was made among 16 native North American Vitis species and Vitis vinifera L. ('Carignane') grown in the San Joaquin Valley of California with or without irrigation over 2 years. Predawn water potential (ΨPD), predawn leaf osmotic potential (Ψπ), midday leaf (Ψl), and stem water potential (Ψstem), stomatal conductance (gs), net CO2 assimilation rate (A), and intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE) were measured on five dates during the growing season the first year of the study and pruning weights were evaluated both years. Net gas exchange and water potential components taken on the last measurement date in 1992 and pruning weights of the nonirrigated species were less (or more negative for Ψ components) than those of the irrigated vines. The 17 Vitis species were ranked according to their relative drought tolerance based upon their performance without irrigation and when compared to their irrigated cohort. The Vitis species considered most drought tolerant were V. californica, V. champinii, V. doaniana, V. longii, V. girdiana, and V. arizonica. Those six species generally had high values of A, gs, and pruning weights and more favorable vine water status at the end of the study than the other species when grown without irrigation. The drought-induced reductions in the measured parameters also were less for those species when compared to their irrigated cohorts. The least drought tolerant species were, V. berlandieri, V. cinerea, V. lincecumii, V. riparia, and V. solonis. The drought-tolerant rankings were generally associated with the species' native habitat and probable soil water availability.

scholarly journals Growth and gas exchanges of arugula plants under silicon fertilization and water restriction

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmar G. de Jesus ◽  
Reynaldo T. de Fatima ◽  
Amaralina C. Guerrero ◽  
Josinaldo L. de Araújo ◽  
Marcos E. B. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Number Of Leaves

ABSTRACT The objective of this article was to study the growth and gas exchange of arugula plants under silicon (Si) fertilization and water stress. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, located in the municipality of Pombal, PB, Brazil, whose geographic coordinates are 6º 46 ‘S latitude and 37º 49’ W longitude and 178 m of altitude, situated in the 'Sertão Paraibano' micro-region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, in 5 x 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five Si doses (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) and two irrigation depths [50 and 100% of real evapotranspiration (ETr) based on weighing lysimeter], with four replicates. Silicon application was performed as foliar spray, using a commercial product composed of 0.75% Si and 0.15% Mo. Arugula growth and gas exchange was evaluated. Higher values for number of leaves and plant height were obtained in plants cultivated under 100% ETr. Silicon application between 100 and 120 mg L-1 led to better results in the physiological variables of arugula plants under water stress. Silicon application between 30 and 60 mg L-1 in arugula plants under 100% ETr irrigation allowed greater phytomass accumulation.

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