scholarly journals When international academic conferences go virtual

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Thomas Falk ◽  
Eva Hagsten
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Planning Horizon ◽  
The United States ◽  
Information Technology Management ◽  
Business Economics ◽  
Academic Conferences

AbstractThis study investigates the extent to which international academic conferences changes format to virtual when faced by sudden Covid-19 related immobility. Data on 587 conferences in the fields of business, economics, information technology, management and other social sciences that were planned to be held between March and August 2020 are retrieved from authorised conference listings. Approximately 28% of the conferences changed to virtual format during the period of time studied. Probit estimations reveal that the probability of changing format to virtual increases with the country of location (United States), planning horizon and the available quality of broadband infrastructure in the scheduled conference country. However, the role of planning horizon differs across fields and location of the conference. The probability of virtual conferences is highest in the United States and for academic conferences in the field of information technology.

scholarly journals The Role of Health Information Technology in Care Coordination in the United States

Medical Care ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Ju Hsiao ◽  
Jennifer King ◽  
Esther Hing ◽  
Alan E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Health Information Technology ◽  
Health Information ◽  
Care Coordination ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals Evaluating the prevalence and quality of conference codes of conduct

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (30) ◽  
pp. 14931-14936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia J. Foxx ◽  
Rebecca S. Barak ◽  
Taran M. Lichtenberger ◽  
Lea K. Richardson ◽  
Aireale J. Rodgers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Sexual Misconduct ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Underrepresented Groups ◽  
Power Differentials ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Academic Conferences

Efforts to increase inclusion in science face multiple barriers, including cultural and social behaviors in settings such as academic conferences. Conferences are beneficial, but the culture can promote inequities and power differentials that harm historically underrepresented groups. Science suffers when conference culture propagates exclusion and discrimination that leads to attrition of scientists. Codes of conduct represent a tool to shift conference culture to better support diverse scientists and clearly detail unacceptable behaviors. We examined the prevalence and content of codes of conduct at biology conferences in the United States and Canada. We highlight how codes of conduct address issues of sexual misconduct and identity-based discrimination. Surprisingly, only 24% of the 195 surveyed conferences had codes. Of the conferences with codes, 43% did not mention sexual misconduct and 17% did not mention identity-based discrimination. Further, 26% of these conferences failed to include a way to report violations of the code and 35% lacked consequences for misconduct. We found that larger and national conferences are more likely to have codes than smaller (P = 0.04) and international or regional (P = 0.03) conferences. Conferences that lack codes risk creating and perpetuating negative environments that make underrepresented groups feel unwelcome, or worse, actively cause harm. We recommend that conferences have codes that are easily accessible, explicitly address identity-based discrimination and sexual misconduct, provide channels for anonymous impartial reporting, and contain clear consequences. These efforts will improve inclusivity and reduce the loss of scientists who have been historically marginalized.

Human Nature and Economic Institutions: Instinct Psychology, Behaviorism, and the Development of American Institutionalism

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pier Francesco Asso ◽  
Luca Fiorito
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
William James ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Analysis ◽  
Thorstein Veblen ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social

Recent articles have explored from different perspectives the psychological foundations of American institutionalism from its beginning to the interwar years (Hodgson 1999; Lewin 1996; Rutherford 2000a, 2000b; Asso and Fiorito 2003). Other authors had previously dwelled upon the same topic in their writings on the originsand development of the social sciences in the United States (Curti 1980; Degler 1991; Ross 1991). All have a common starting point: the emergence during the second half of the nineteenth century of instinct-based theories of human agency. Although various thinkers had already acknowledged the role of impulses and proclivities, it was not until Darwin's introduction of biological explanations into behavioral analysis that instincts entered the rhetoric of the social sciences in a systematic way (Hodgson 1999; Degler 1991). William James, William McDougall, and C. Lloyd Morgan gave instinct theory its greatest refinement, soon stimulating its adoption by those economists who were looking for a viable alternative to hedonism. At the beginning of the century, early institutionalists like Thorstein Veblen, Robert F. Hoxie, Wesley C. Mitchell, and Carleton Parker employed instinct theory in their analysis of economic behavior. Their attention wasdrawn by the multiple layers of interaction between instinctive motivation and intentional economic behavior. Debates on the role of instinctsin economicswere not confined to the different souls of American Institutionalism, and many more “orthodox” figures, like Irving Fisher or Frank Taussig, actively participated.

College Campus Sexual Assault: The Contribution of Peers’ Proabuse Informational Support and Attachments to Abusive Peers

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 922-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter S. DeKeseredy ◽  
Amanda Hall-Sanchez ◽  
James Nolan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
And Control

Since the mid-1980s, researchers across the United States have uncovered high rates of sexual assault among female college students. However, to advance a better understanding of this gendered type of victimization, and to both prevent and control this problem, the research community needs to identify its major correlates. One that is consistently uncovered in North American campus survey work is negative peer support, especially that provided by male peers. Yet, some earlier studies have found that mixed-sex negative peer support, too, contributes to campus sexual assault. Using recent data from the Campus Quality of Life Survey conducted at a large residential school in the South Atlantic region of the United States, the main objectives of this article are to examine the role of mixed-sex negative peer support in campus sexual assault and to identify the groups of women most at risk of having friends who offer such support.

The Promise of All Things E? Expectations and Challenges of Emergent Electronic Government

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Seifert ◽  
R. Eric Petersen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Electronic Government ◽  
Government Information ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe ambiguous nature of electronic government (e-government) has resulted in hype and confusion, with little systematic consideration of the expectations and limitations of taking government online. This paper seeks to examine the role of e-government in the United States as an evolving process that manifests itself in three distinct sectors: government-to-government, government-to-business, and government-to-citizen. Using this typology as an organizing principle, we show how information technology has the potential to enhance government accessibility and citizen participation. We also show how the move toward a market-focused conceptualization of government information and service delivery raises the potential for blurring citizen and consumer roles, possibly at the cost of a robust, informed, and engaged citizenry.

The need to strengthen the educative role of parents: Some implications drawn from educational productivity research

1995 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Jeff Dorman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Television Viewing ◽  
The United States ◽  
Home Learning Environment ◽  
Educational Productivity ◽  
Home Learning ◽  
Role Of Parents

This article considers the empirical results of educational productivity research conducted by a team of researchers from Australia and the United States in the mid 1980s. Based on nine factors identified by this research, three issues that highlight the important educative role of parents, namely, the quality of the home learning environment, homework support and monitoring television viewing are discussed.

Improving Learning and Reducing Costs for Online Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 1054-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Twigg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The United States ◽  
College And University ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reducing Costs

Every college and university in the United States (US) is discovering exciting new ways of using information technology to enhance the process of teaching and learning, and to extend access to new populations of students. For most institutions, however, new technologies represent a black hole of additional expense. Most campuses have simply bolted new technologies onto a fixed plant, a fixed faculty and a fixed notion of classroom instruction. Under these circumstances, technology becomes part of the problem of rising costs rather than part of the solution. In addition, comparative research studies show that rather than improving quality, most technology-based courses produce learning outcomes that are simply “as good as” their traditional counterparts — what often is referred to as the “no significant difference” phenomenon. By and large, colleges and universities have not yet begun to realize the promise of technology to improve the quality of student learning and reduce the costs of instruction.

Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the Direct Support Workforce in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-191
Author(s):  
Carol B. Laws ◽  
Amy S. Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Full Inclusion ◽  
Direct Support ◽  
Direct Support Professionals ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract This special issue on the direct support workforce highlights the critical role of the direct support workforce in the quality of life of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) in the United States. Although there is increasing demand for this workforce, challenges in the recruitment, training, and retention of direct support professionals (DSPs) threatens the safety, health, and full inclusion of people with IDD living in the community. This special issue brings to the forefront current research to understand this workforce and their importance and to consider strategies to address the complex challenges facing DSPs so that people with disabilities can live and thrive in their communities.

scholarly journals The Nature and Role of Perceived Threats in User Resistance to Healthcare Information Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Madison N. Ngafeeson ◽  
Joseph A. Manga
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Quality Of Healthcare ◽  
The United States ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Healthcare Information ◽  
User Resistance ◽  
Reactance Theory ◽  
Psychological Reactance Theory

The efforts of the United States government in the past 15 years have included harnessing the power of health information technology (HIT) to improve legibility, lessen medical errors, keep costs low, and elevate the quality of healthcare. However, user resistance is still a barrier to overcome in order to achieve desired outcomes. Understanding the nature of resistance is key to successfully increasing the adoption of HIT systems. Previous research has showed that perceived threats are a significant antecedent of user resistance; however, its nature and role have remained vastly unexplored. This study uses the psychological reactance theory to explain both the nature and role of perceived threats in HIT-user resistance. The study shows that perceived helplessness over process and perceived dissatisfaction over outcomes are two unique instances of perceived threats. Additionally, the results reveal that resistance to healthcare information systems can manifest as reactance, distrust, scrutiny, or inertia. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.

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