scholarly journals The mirror of physics: on how the price equation can unify evolutionary biology

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor J. Luque ◽  
Lorenzo Baravalle
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Classical Mechanics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Price Equation ◽  
Local Models ◽  
The Core ◽  
Heuristic Principle ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Historical Nature

AbstractDue to its high degree of complexity and its historical nature, evolutionary biology has been traditionally portrayed as a messy science. According to the supporters of such a view, evolutionary biology would be unable to formulate laws and robust theories, instead just delivering coherent narratives and local models. In this article, our aim is to challenge this view by showing how the Price equation can work as the core of a general theoretical framework for evolutionary phenomena. To support this claim, we outline some unnoticed structural similarities between physical theories (in particular, classical mechanics) and evolutionary biology. More specifically, we shall argue that the Price equation, in the same way as fundamental formalisms in physics, can serve as a heuristic principle to formulate and systematise different theories and models in evolutionary biology.

Gebruiksaspecten van het uitroeppartikel wat in het Nederlands en Fries

2020 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-209
Author(s):  
Henk Wolf
Keyword(s):  
The Core ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lexical Phrase ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Lexical Phrases

Abstract Both Dutch and (West) Frisian make use of the exclamative particle wat (‘how’), that adds an element of surprise about a high degree of something to the semantics of the sentence. In this paper I will first show the similarities between the use of the particle in the two languages. I will demonstrate that, in Dutch, its use is largely confined to constructions that are semantically scalable, whereas in Frisian this restriction is far less strict. I will explain the difference by showing that Dutch wat is a syntactic amplifier of lexical phrases, whereas Frisian wat has developed into a pragmatic amplifier of the core predicate. I will try to account for that difference by showing how homophonous words absent in Dutch are likely to have influenced the use of Frisian wat, and how Dutch prosody strengthens the connection between wat and the amplified lexical phrase, whereas Frisian prosody weakens it. Finally, I will show that the system described as ‘Frisian’ is occasionally found in varieties of Dutch too

Scattering of journals cited in legal theses and dissertations

2021 ◽  
pp. 096100062110367
Author(s):  
Siviwe Bangani ◽  
Michiel Moll
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Law School ◽  
Law Students ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
The Core ◽  
Bradford’S Law ◽  
Master's Thesis ◽  
Doctoral Dissertations ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Theses And Dissertations

The study employed bibliometrics methods to analyse the scattering of 596 journals cited in legal master’s theses and doctoral dissertations in three South African law schools from 2014 to 2018. In addition, the study included an analysis of the extent of citation of different sources and examined the effect of use of non-legal journals by law students. It was found that students used 449.2 documents on average in writing a doctoral dissertation and 110.9 references per master’s thesis. Journals received more citations than any other document formats although 16 master’s theses were completed without citing a single journal. Generally, the journals cited in legal theses and dissertations conform to Bradford’s Law but they differ in their level of conformity by law school. There was a high degree of overlaps between Zone 1 journals in the three law schools. All journals in the core lists were available in all the law schools which was attributed to the strength of collections in these schools. The results support the application of bibliometric analyses to legal master’s theses and doctoral dissertations to make collection development decisions. In making those decisions, however, law librarians would have to look beyond the Zone 1 journals of their own institution for wider access. These results also serve as a caution to law librarians to look beyond the traditional law journals in de/selecting journals, as some of the non-legal journals in this study made it to the core list of cited periodicals. Furthermore, this study points to the strength of library collections in the top law school libraries in the country.

Analogism at Chavín de Huántar

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Nicco La Mattina
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Core Beliefs ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The Core ◽  
Chavin De Huantar ◽  
Chavín De Huántar ◽  
A Site ◽  
Material Record

Approaches to understanding the core beliefs and worldviews of ancient peoples are not superficially facilitated by the archaeological record. Sometimes, pre-Columbian people are described by analogy to presumably similar contemporary people; that is, a theoretical framework applicable to certain modern peoples is applied a priori in the investigation of a site. This chapter argues that at Chavín de Huántar, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism employ these concepts a priori as ways of understanding the material record. Many of the references to shamanism make specific analogies to Amazonian practices and import these ideas to Chavín de Huántar. Furthermore, the chapter authors argue that, if the iconographic and material record at Chavín de Huánta are carefully evaluated, interpretations centred around animism and shamanism will not follow. The authors demonstrate that the analogist ontology formulated by Descola finds a firmer grounding in the iconographic and material record when these are considered together.

MoBip Project

2016 ◽  
pp. 493-514
Author(s):  
Hakan Altinpulluk ◽  
Gulsun Eby
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Universal Design ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
College Professors ◽  
The Core

This study aims to set forth a framework for how the design and scenarios should be handled, and how mHealth ecosystem and Universal Design principles should be used in the designing of an “interactive augmented reality 3-D pop-up book” that can be viewed on mobile devices. This book, which will pursue the goal of increasing university college professors' awareness about students with bipolar disorder, will be the first mHealth study handled in this scope in the literature. In the background section of the study, the authors first elaborate on the rapid advancement of mobile devices, their proliferation and their reflections on mHealth projects in the healthcare sector. Then the authors include mHealth-related applications that raise awareness, the authors analyze the importance of social awareness about mental health, and finally, the authors get to the core of bipolar disorder and present the current situation. Within the scope of this study, the authors construct a theoretical framework that will assume the guiding role in the completion of an interactive 3-D pop-up book.

scholarly journals Movement undertaken by newly graduated nurses towards the strengthening of their professional autonomy and towards patient autonomy

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloisa Wey Berti ◽  
Eliana Mara Braga ◽  
Ilda de Godoy ◽  
Wilza Carla Spiri ◽  
Silvia Cristina Mangini Bocchi
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Public Hospital ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Graduate Nurses ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Category ◽  
Newly Graduated Nurses

This study involved newly graduated nurses performing in a public hospital and aimed at apprehending how they interpret the reality of their practice as well as their knowledge and experiences; at identifying and problematizing aspects related to the caregiving practice in terms of compliance with the autonomy bioethical framework and at pointing out ways to overcome the problems identified. The strategy adopted for data collection was the focal group and the theoretical framework was based on the Grounded Theory. Two phenomena emerged from the results: 1) Perceiving the fragility of nurse and patient autonomy and 2) Moving towards the strengthening of nurse and patient autonomy. This allowed for the identification of the core category: movement undertaken by newly graduated nurses towards the strengthening of their professional autonomy and towards patient autonomy. Understanding the experience enabled us to expand the knowledge concerning newly graduate nurses' coping, thus favoring our action as nursing professors.

Materials Aging Degradation of Reactor Vessel Internals: Part III—Structural Evaluation and Local Finite Element Models

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew D. Snyder ◽  
Tama´s R. Liszkai ◽  
Anne Demma
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Reactor Vessel ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Local Models ◽  
Bolted Connections ◽  
The Core ◽  
Potential Failure ◽  
Reactor Internals

Pressurized water reactor (PWR) internals components can experience material aging and degradation due to irradiation. The purpose of the functionality analysis is to provide a best-estimate evaluation of the reactor internals core barrel assembly for materials degradation to see if the components retain their function. The evaluation uses an irradiated material-specific constitutive model for use in a finite element analysis [1] representing the current state of knowledge for plasticity, creep, stress relaxation, void swelling, and embrittlement. This constitutive model is a function of temperature and fluence. The analysis focuses on finding the integrated effects of material aging combined with steady-state operational characteristics of the reactor internals. In order to evaluate the potential failure mechanisms of the core barrel assembly, finite element models were developed capable of representing the complex interactions between the components. The goal of this specific analysis is to characterize the potential failure modes, spatial and chronological distribution of potential component failures for a representative model of the Babcock & Wilcox-type (B&W) designed plants. Evaluation of the reactor vessel internals for materials aging degradation involves three analytical calculations. Radiation calculations of the core provide essential information on radiation dose and heat rates of the internals. The computational fluid dynamics domain (CFD) allows evaluation of the internals temperatures through conjugate heat transfer (CHT) analysis coupled with coolant flow. Detailed structural analysis of the internals components and bolted connections is the third major physics field involved, which facilitates the development of operating stress fields within the internals. Structural analysis was performed as two parts. First, a global structural model of the core barrel assembly was used to represent the interaction of components of the core barrel assembly during 60 years of operation. The global model does not include detail of the areas of stress concentration within bolted connections. Therefore local models of selected bolts were developed. Results of both the global and local models were used as a basis for evaluating age-related effects. The description of the functionality analysis for the B&W designed RV internals is divided into three papers. Part I was presented in PVP-2008 [2] and included a description of the overall methodology with special attention to CFD-CHT evaluations. Part II, to be presented at PVP 2009 [2] describes global structural finite element models. Part III, presented in this paper, presents a description of local models of bolted connections, results, and conclusions.

Enterprise Synergy Innovate Mechanism Based on Dynamic Core Competence

2011 ◽  
Vol 225-226 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Xiao Guang Wang ◽  
Hu Bin Guo ◽  
Xiang Xiang Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Core Competence ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Enterprise System ◽  
Innovation Capability ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Enterprise Growth ◽  
The Core

In this paper, using the ability as the basic elements of the analysis unit, discuss the enterprise which has continued to grow on the internal rules of building a sustained business growth, generate the theoretical framework of the mechanism and expand the capacity of traditional business theory. Based on the synergy innovation, enterprise dynamic core competencies to achieve. the enterprise system is a the network of dynamic core capacity in all core business of the assembly, which is the core of the system of co-innovation capability, the ability to synergy innovate is a enterprise dynamic core competencies. The existence and evolution of the most basic function of dynamic capacity network to form the core of the most important enterprise growth mechanism.

scholarly journals Creativity in events: the untold story

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Jackson ◽  
James Morgan ◽  
Chantal Laws
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Creative Economy ◽  
Event Management ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Core ◽  
Creative Environment

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on untold stories that not only illustrate the creativity but also complexity of working in outdoor events. There has been global interest in the creative industries and the creative economy more generally. Events have not been identified or categorised as part of this. Experiences have been identified as part of the creative sectors (NESTA, 2006) and events are seen as experiences (Jackson, 2006; Berridge 2007). There has been little research undertaken about the creative nature of event experiences, especially in how they are created. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical framework was created from literature on creativity more generally to inform the Creativity in Events research project. Interviews with those working in the outdoor events sector were the basis of the qualitative stage of the research project investigating the phenomenon of creativity in events. Findings This paper identifies the core facets of creativity in the management of outdoor events. These were fluency, originality, imagination, elaboration, environment and complexity. A vignette is used to illustrate the intricacy of the nature of creativity in the production of outdoor event experiences. The overall findings were that event management was both creative and pragmatic and that both are necessary. There was a need for a creative environment with processes and familiarity that aided inspiration and originality. Originality/value The background and findings are relevant to recognising events as part of the wider creative economy. A greater understanding of the nature of creativity in events informs both education and practice.

Modelling the core magnetic field of the Earth

1982 ◽  
Vol 306 (1492) ◽  
pp. 179-191 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Spherical Harmonics ◽  
Secular Variation ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Core Field ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Earth ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Current Systems ◽  
The Magnetic Field

The magnetic field generated in the core of the Earth is often represented by spherical harmonics of the magnetic potential. It has been found from looking at the equations of spherical harmonics, and from studying the values of the spherical harmonic coefficients derived from data from Magsat, that this is an unsatisfactory way of representing the core field. Harmonics of high degree are characterized by generally shorter wavelength expressions on the surface of the Earth, but also contain very long wavelength features as well. Thus if it is thought that the higher degree harmonics are produced by magnetizations within the crust of the Earth, these magnetizations have to be capable of producing very long wavelength signals. Since it is impossible to produce very long wavelength signals of sufficient amplitude by using crustal magnetizations of reasonable intensity, the separation of core and crustal sources by using spherical harmonics is not ideal. We suggest that a better way is to use radial off-centre dipoles located within the core of the Earth. These have several advantages. Firstly, they can be thought of as modelling real physical current systems within the core of the Earth. Secondly, it can be shown that off-centred dipoles, if located deep within the core, are more effective at removing long wavelength signals of potential or field than can be achieved by using spherical harmonics. The disadvantage is that it is much more difficult to compute the positions and strengths of the off-centred dipole fields, and much less easy to manipulate their effects (such as upward and downward continuation). But we believe, along with Cox and Alldredge & Hurwitz, that the understanding that we might obtain of the Earth’s magnetic field by using physically reasonable models rather than mathematically convenient models is very important. We discuss some of the radial dipole models that have been proposed for the nondipole portion of the Earth’s field to arrive at a model that agrees with observations of secular variation and excursions.

Ecological approaches to perceptual learning: learning to perceive and perceiving as learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 363-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnes Szokolszky ◽  
Catherine Read ◽  
Zsolt Palatinus ◽  
Kinga Palatinus
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Perceptual Learning ◽  
Tool Use ◽  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Ecological Psychology ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Development And Evolution

In this theoretical review article, our primary goal is to contribute to the post-cognitivist understanding of learning to perceive and perceiving as learning, by discussing a framework for perception and perceptual learning initiated by James J Gibson, and extended by Eleanor J Gibson and others. This Ecological Psychology has a coherent set of assumptions based on the concept of mutualism between the perceiving organism and its surroundings, and the idea of affordances as action possibilities of the surround that are perceptible by the organism. At the same time, Ecological Psychology, broadly construed, consists of different perspectives that take different routes to address questions related to the core concepts of perceptual learning. In this article, we focus on three theoretical stances within Ecological Psychology on the issue of perceptual learning: that of Eleanor J Gibson, the current theory of direct learning by Jacobs and Michaels, and the “organicist” approach based on ideas of organicist biology and developments in evolutionary biology. We consider perceptual learning as embedded in development and evolution, and we explore perceptual learning in more depth in the context of tool use and language development. We also discuss the relation between Ecological Psychology and Enactivism on the nature of perception. In conclusion, we summarize the benefits of Ecological Psychology, as a robust but still developing post-cognitivist framework, for the study of perceptual learning and cognitive science in general.

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