scholarly journals Positional competition in a binary system: the case of Finnish higher education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulpukka Isopahkala-Bouret ◽  
Mikko Aro ◽  
Kristiina Ojala
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Universities Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Binary Division ◽  
Educational Credentials ◽  
The University ◽  
Finnish Higher Education

AbstractPositional competition in the labour market entails graduate opportunities that depend not only on graduates’ skills, experience and abilities, but also on how their educational credentials compare to those of others. In this study, we examined the positional competition in the Finnish labour market and compared the influence of different ‘degree types’ on the probability of obtaining high-paid, high-status jobs. We used a register-based 5% sample of 25–45-year-old Finnish higher education (HE) graduates from 2010 to 2012 (N = 63 486). It was expected that the relative position of graduates would be affected by the degree level as well as the educational field and the binary division (university vs. non-university) of HE. Therefore, master’s and bachelor’s degree levels in all educational fields from universities versus universities of applied sciences (UASs) were included. The method of analysis was logistic regression. According to our results, the binary divide structured the opportunities to enter high-paid, high-status jobs within different fields of education. The university master’s degree graduates had the highest probability of succeeding in the Finnish labour market, and their status/rank elevated them above the competition by regulating access to certain professions or occupations through specific qualification requirements (i.e., credential social closure). Moreover, our results demonstrated how the degree rankings and the relative distance between university and UAS degrees vary in different fields. The Finnish case offers a valuable point of comparison to other HE systems with a binary structure.

scholarly journals Symbolic Closure: Towards a Renewed Sociological Perspective on the Relationship between Higher Education, Credentials and the Graduate Labour Market

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerbrand Tholen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Credentials ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores how our understanding of the graduate labour market can be improved by re-assessing some of the insights of the conflictual tradition within sociology. In particular, its theorising of ‘social closure’ and the use of educational credentials within the labour market remain highly relevant. Yet these ideas need to be modified to better deal with the current social, economic and educational contexts. This article extends the social closure literature to deal with some of the changes within the graduate labour market by turning to Pierre Bourdieu’s ideas on symbolic violence. I will argue that ‘symbolic closure’, the reliance on exclusion through categorisation and classification, becomes of greater importance in a graduate labour market that no longer offers any clarity about what graduate skills, jobs and rewards constitute and signify.

scholarly journals Practicing 21st Century Skills in the Classroom

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Perdue
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Workforce Development ◽  
21St Century ◽  
21St Century Skills ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Higher Education Curriculum ◽  
Consulting Firms ◽  
Education Model ◽  
The University

In the midst of the current technological revolution, there is a thriving conversation about how society should adapt to the future of work taking place in the national media, universities, policy organizations, think tanks, consulting firms and companies. One such model for work and education under consideration is that of the role of higher education in workforce development. How well does a bachelor’s degree prepare an individual for a career in this shifting landscape of work? What is the responsibility of the university to the student – to prepare them for a career? Or to help them build the intellectual framework to build a meaningful life Incorporating the practice and development of 21st century skills into the higher education classroom does not necessarily require a great rethinking of the education model or content delivery. Rather, it could be as simple as encouraging faculty to use proven educational principles such as active learning and group-based learning into the classroom. This would allow students to practice some of the necessary skills such as communication, respect, teamwork, and problem solving into their higher education curriculum.

scholarly journals Adaptation of persons with disabilities to inclusive education in the university as a condition of their successful functioning in the labour market

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
E. V. Gurova ◽  
N. I. Laas ◽  
A. V. Pritolyuk ◽  
I. A. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
The University

The main way to implement this principle of equality in the education of persons with disabilities and persons with disabilities (HIA) is now inclusive education at all levels of education throughout life. The basic concepts related to disability, integration of persons with disabilities into society, educational environment have been highlighted in the article, the differences in the understanding and interpretation of these concepts have been shown. The factors of adaptation of students with invalidity and disabilities have been disclosed. The formation of an inclusive educational environment in the University is impossible without improving the management of inclusive education in higher education system.

scholarly journals Wszędzie dobrze, ale w domu najlepiej. Analiza decyzji dotyczących kontynuacji nauki na studiach drugiego stopnia na podstawie danych rejestrowych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

1970 ◽  
pp. 309-332
Author(s):  
Tomasz Zając Tomasz Zając ◽  
Agata Komendant-Brodowska
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Rational Choice ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Bologna Process ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Methodological Individualism ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
The University ◽  
The Bologna Process

The aim of the paper is to analyse decisions of first degree graduates concerning continuation of their education on second-degree programmes. One of the changes introduced by the Bologna process was a division of university programmes for the first-degree (bachelor’s degree) and seconddegree (master’s degree) programmes. As a result, a new educational threshold has appeared in the course of higher education and at that threshold students decide whether to continue education and if so, which university and programme to choose. All choices involve various costs and benefits, both to be experienced immediately, as well as those that students plan to achieve or incur in the future. The article presents data on the decisions regarding the continuation of studies in the context of the assumptions of rational choice theory: methodological individualism and rationality of actors. The analysed data come from registers of the University of Warsaw. The most common decision of first-degree graduates at the University is not to change anything: either the programme or mode of study. This result will be explained in the context of assumptions about the preferences of the students.

A Critique of Institutional Inequalities in Higher Education

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Leathwood
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
High Status ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
Elite Institutions ◽  
Student Profiles ◽  
Institutional Differentiation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The University

This article seeks to apply Adam Swift’s (2003) critique of private and selective schooling to higher education in the UK. The higher education sector in this country is highly differentiated, with high status, research-led elite institutions at the top of the university hierarchy, and newer universities, with far lower levels of funding and prestige, at the bottom. The extent of this differentiation is illustrated by an analysis of six universities at different ends of this spectrum. It also becomes apparent that the student profiles of these institutions are very different, with privately educated, white, middle class students particularly over-represented in the elite universities, and working-class, minority ethnic, and to some extent, women students concentrated in those institutions with far lower levels of funding and prestige. Considerable benefits accrue to those who have attended the elite institutions, and it is argued that the hierarchy of universities both reflects and perpetuates social inequalities, with the middle-classes retaining their privileges and the elite continuing to reproduce itself. The discourse of meritocracy that is used to justify this institutional differentiation is also discussed, and the paper concludes with a call for a more socially just and equitable future for the higher education sector.

scholarly journals The Finnish Academic Profession’s Divided Opportunities in Management and Governance

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Timo Aarrevaara ◽  
Sanna Ryynänen ◽  
Ville Tenhunen ◽  
Pekka Vasari
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Academic Unit ◽  
Performance Targets ◽  
Universities Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Academic Units ◽  
Strong Performance ◽  
Finnish Higher Education

Finnish higher education consists of research-oriented universities and teaching-oriented universities of applied sciences, and both sectors have a role in research, development and innovation. This paper focuses on governance and management at the institutional and academic unit levels, based on responses to several questions in the APIKS survey regarding the influence of academics, performance targets of academic units and the influence of academics in decision making and workload. Institutions in both sectors of Finnish higher education emphasise strategies and are heavily reliant on public funding. Both sectors also have an orientation to strong performance management.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF MEDIATION METHODS - FROM HIGHER EDUCATION TO THE LABOR MARKET

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriyana Andreeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
New Model ◽  
Legal Definition ◽  
Master Degree ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

The report examines and substantiates the interrelation between mediation - higher education - labour market. The author presents a broader understanding of the concept of mediation, going beyond the legal definition of the Mediation Act, which provides the need to create a new model of mediation in the university. The idea of academic mediation is to include it as a method for dispute resolution in the education in "professional bachelor", "bachelor" and "master" degree in the different programs in order to create a new culture of communication, upgrade of knowledge, skills and competencies and successful realization of the students on the labour market. In conclusion conclusions are made, concerning the application of the mediation in the sphere of the higher education and recommendations are made.

scholarly journals Teaching through performing arts in higher education: Examples in engineering and psychology

2020 ◽  
Vol XIV (2) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Laure Kloetzer ◽  
Simon Henein ◽  
Ramiro Tau ◽  
Susanne Martin ◽  
Joëlle Valterio
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
University Level ◽  
Collective Creation ◽  
The University ◽  
École Polytechnique

This paper introduces two courses making use of performing arts at university level. The first course, taught by Prof. Simon Henein and his colleagues, called Improgineering, aims to teach collective creation through improvisation to master’s degree students in engineering at the EPFL (Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland). The second course, taught by Prof. Laure Kloetzer and her colleagues, aims to introduce the Psychology of Migration via a sociocultural approach to bachelor’s degree students in psychology and education at the University of Neuchâtel (Switzerland). After briefly introducing the topic of performing arts in higher education (section 1), the paper offers a description of the two courses (sections 2 and 3). These are complemented by teachers’ and students’ impressions of the course, as analyzed from individual interviews, focus groups and students’ learning diary entries (section 4). The conclusion presents some reflections on the convergences of the pedagogical designs of the courses, drafting a pedagogical model for using performing arts within higher education (section 5).

Reproducing Social Equality across the Generations: The Nordic Model of High Participation Higher Education in Finland

2018 ◽  
pp. 358-385
Author(s):  
Jussi Välimaa ◽  
Reetta Muhonen
Keyword(s):  
Applied Sciences ◽  
Higher Education ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Universities Of Applied Sciences ◽  
High Participation ◽  
The University

This chapter provides a detailed and extensive assessment of Finland’s high participation system (HPS) of higher education, in a historical perspective and with focus on Finland’s core values of equality and equity. The country case challenges some of the HPS propositions. The Nordic model is built upon a distinctive cultural tradition in which the state administers a social consensus based on solidarity, equality, and trust, and higher education is of high quality and has equal esteem. Since World War II equality of opportunity has been central in national policymaking. The chapter focuses especially on the nature of access to higher education and continuing binary diversity between the university sector and the Universities of Applied Sciences (UAS, the former polytechnics) .While there is continuing social competition for access to elite professional programmes, and cultural capital provides certain families with advantages, the Finnish HPS is less competitive and stratified than other HPS.

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