scholarly journals Symbolic Closure: Towards a Renewed Sociological Perspective on the Relationship between Higher Education, Credentials and the Graduate Labour Market

Sociology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1067-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerbrand Tholen
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Credentials ◽  
The Relationship

This article explores how our understanding of the graduate labour market can be improved by re-assessing some of the insights of the conflictual tradition within sociology. In particular, its theorising of ‘social closure’ and the use of educational credentials within the labour market remain highly relevant. Yet these ideas need to be modified to better deal with the current social, economic and educational contexts. This article extends the social closure literature to deal with some of the changes within the graduate labour market by turning to Pierre Bourdieu’s ideas on symbolic violence. I will argue that ‘symbolic closure’, the reliance on exclusion through categorisation and classification, becomes of greater importance in a graduate labour market that no longer offers any clarity about what graduate skills, jobs and rewards constitute and signify.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effect of social background on the wages of Spanish graduates before and during a crisis context

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fachelli ◽  
Dani Torrents
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Job Destruction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Relationship

The economic context may have modified the relationship between higher education and the labour market. The rise in university fees, the labour market situation and the behaviour of employers, families and students could activate social background as a differentiating factor in post-higher education occupational status. The objective of the present study is to analyze if the social origin affects the labor insertion of the graduates, measured through their income. The labor insertion of graduates is analyzed in 2011 (crisis period) and compared with 2005 (period of economic expansion).Two Spanish databases are used in this analysis: the 2005 and 2011 Living Conditions Survey. The results presented show no income inequality related to social class of graduates. Between 2005 and 2011 most unskilled occupations suffered job destruction, thus homogenizing to some extent the graduates who were working in 2011 and reducing the internal differences.

scholarly journals Positional competition in a binary system: the case of Finnish higher education

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulpukka Isopahkala-Bouret ◽  
Mikko Aro ◽  
Kristiina Ojala
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
High Status ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Universities Of Applied Sciences ◽  
Binary Division ◽  
Educational Credentials ◽  
The University ◽  
Finnish Higher Education

AbstractPositional competition in the labour market entails graduate opportunities that depend not only on graduates’ skills, experience and abilities, but also on how their educational credentials compare to those of others. In this study, we examined the positional competition in the Finnish labour market and compared the influence of different ‘degree types’ on the probability of obtaining high-paid, high-status jobs. We used a register-based 5% sample of 25–45-year-old Finnish higher education (HE) graduates from 2010 to 2012 (N = 63 486). It was expected that the relative position of graduates would be affected by the degree level as well as the educational field and the binary division (university vs. non-university) of HE. Therefore, master’s and bachelor’s degree levels in all educational fields from universities versus universities of applied sciences (UASs) were included. The method of analysis was logistic regression. According to our results, the binary divide structured the opportunities to enter high-paid, high-status jobs within different fields of education. The university master’s degree graduates had the highest probability of succeeding in the Finnish labour market, and their status/rank elevated them above the competition by regulating access to certain professions or occupations through specific qualification requirements (i.e., credential social closure). Moreover, our results demonstrated how the degree rankings and the relative distance between university and UAS degrees vary in different fields. The Finnish case offers a valuable point of comparison to other HE systems with a binary structure.

The next generation: Experiences of higher educated Turkish-Dutch on The Hague labour market

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Karijn G. Nijhoff
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dutch City

This paper explores the relationship between education and labour market positioning in The Hague, a Dutch city with a unique labour market. One of the main minority groups, Turkish-Dutch, is the focus in this qualitative study on higher educated minorities and their labour market success. Interviews reveal that the obstacles the respondents face are linked to discrimination and network limitation. The respondents perceive “personal characteristics” as the most important tool to overcoming the obstacles. Education does not only increase their professional skills, but also widens their networks. The Dutch education system facilitates the chances of minorities in higher education through the “layering” of degrees. 

On the Sidelines: Sex and Racial Segregation in Television Sports Broadcasting

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Thomas Coventry
Keyword(s):  
Racial Segregation ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Sports Broadcasting ◽  
The Relationship

This study explores sex and racial segregation within television sports broadcasting. It uses logit log-linear analysis to examine the relationship between job classifications within sports broadcasting and such explanatory variables as sex and race. The results show that women are concentrated in competition-level reporting and reporting but are underrepresented as studio analysts and play-by-play announcers. People of color are most likely to be found doing competition-level reporting, followed by studio analysis. They are least likely to work as play-by-play announcers. In addition, people of color are virtually limited to broadcasting baseball, basketball, and football. Although Whites also cover these three sports, they occupy practically all of the jobs covering other sports. The findings regarding sex and race support the social closure perspective that argues that women and people of color would be concentrated in lower positions within an occupation.

scholarly journals Las políticas supranacionales de educación superior ante la «tercera misión» de la Universidad: el caso del aprendizaje-servicio

2020 ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Juan García-Gutiérrez ◽  
Carlos Corrales Gaitero
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Third Mission ◽  
Social Commitment ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
The Social ◽  
American Citizenship ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The constant transformation that the institutions of higher education experiment and, particularly, the university assumes a re-consideration of their shapes, methodology, and missions, as well as the relationships established with society. Therefore, we shall consider that a “social mission” of the university or their “third mission” constitutes an umbrella that shelters a wide diversity of reflex conceptions, and at the same time, the relationship university – society. Additionally, take into consideration that this civic and social commitment in higher education should incorporate an integrator approach, involved with an idea of European or Latin-American citizenship, in any case, incorporated in the development of their supranational policies. Therefore, the objective of our work is double. On one side, to meet and analyze the notion of a “social mission” or “third mission” of the university and their conceptual network, to clarify the language and in which sense the different denominations are used, according to the different economical, sustainability or civic approaches to be adopted. Secondly, the treatment of these ideas will be addressed at the supranational policies of higher education both in Europe and Ibero America, according to what had been structured at the Higher Education European State and whether it has been promoted by the OEI. Also, it will be attended the way that this supranational policy aboard the civic and identity components, that linked to the social mission cooperate for the promotion of common citizenship. As a result of the analysis made we can affirm that the approach of the learning-service constitutes an emergent tendency on a global scale, appropriate to develop effectively the third mission or social mission of the university.

scholarly journals Innovación en la formación del profesorado de educación física (Innovation in teacher training on physical education)

Retos ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Francisco Carreiro da Costa ◽  
Miguel Angel González Valeiro ◽  
Martin Francisco González Villalobos
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Effective Teachers ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
New Teacher ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Pedagogical Strategies ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la formación inicial del profesorado de Educación Física, incorporando elementos de reflexión y propuestas para considerar tanto en los planes de estudio como a nivel de las materias que componen el mismo. Todo esto, desde el convencimiento de que las cuestiones más importantes en nuestro campo se decidirán en un marco político que prioriza las cuestiones económicas y sociales ante la investigación y las opiniones de los expertos. Se desarrollará de acuerdo a la siguiente estructura:(1) Justificaremos que los procesos de innovación y cambio están influenciados principalmente por el contexto social, económico y político (más que por los resultados obtenidos desde la investigación); (2) analizaremos la evolución de la formación docente, prestando especial atención a la «nueva formación del profesorado» (docentes informados, críticos y capaces de promover el cambio); (3) defenderemos la necesidad de concebir y realizar una formación del profesorado capaz de prepararlos para ser eficaces; (4) nos referiremos a los desafíos para una formación de calidad del profesorado de Educación Física, centrándose en aspectos tales como: ¿Qué papel deben jugar las características de las/los estudiantes que quieren acceder a los programas de formación inicial del profesorado de educación física (FIPEF) y como transformar las creencias de los futuros docentes? ¿Qué tipos de programas contribuyen a la formación de un profesional más cualificado? ¿Cómo definir e impartir la materia dentro de los programas de FIPEF?, y ¿Cuáles son las características de los FIPEF de calidad? y, (5) concluiremos haciendo algunas recomendaciones para la formación inicial del profesorado de educación física.Palabras clave. formación inicial del profesorado, profesorado de educación física, educación física, innovación educativa.Abstract. The aim of this paper is to analyse the Physical Education in Teacher Education (PETE) in introducing elements of reflection and proposals considering both the curriculum and the contents used in this curriculum. We will do this based on the conviction that the most important issues in our field will be decided on a policy framework that prioritizes social and economic issues grounded on research and expert opinions. This article has the following structure: (1) we will introduce the topics of the article emphasising that the processes of innovation and changes are mainly influenced by the social, economic and political context (rather than the results obtained from research); (2) we will analyse the evolution of teacher education, giving special attention to the «new teacher education» (informed, critical and able to promote change); (3) we will defend the need to conceive and perform a PETE able to prepare teachers to become effective teachers; (4) we will refer to the challenges for PETE, trying to answer the following relevant questions: What role should PETE candidates’ attributes play in the PETE curriculum and what is the relationship between effective PETE and student achievement in physical education? What programmatic structures or curricular frameworks are most promising for preparing effective teachers? How should we define and deliver subject matter within PETE? What pedagogical strategies within PETE promote effective teaching? And, (5) we will conclude making some recommendations to PETE.

Institutional Ethnography and Exploring the Social

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Amal Adel Abdrabo
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Institutional Ethnography ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Egyptian Government ◽  
Global Agenda ◽  
Developmental Policies ◽  
The Relationship

There is a new trend taking place in Egypt over the last decades that is attempting to establish a new culture of development arguing for a knowledge-based development of Egyptian society. Consequently, Egyptian society has begun to witness the emergence of different policies, national strategies, and mega development projects that try to translate these policies into reality. But the question that remains is what type of knowledge, and in which context, should be developed? In this vein, this research serves two purposes. First, it contests the notion of knowledge while using a new method of inquiry that creates an opening for an alternative-more-humanized sociology that opposes the dominant sociological perspective that studies people as quantitative objects. The research uses institutional ethnography to provide new-actor-related insights and interpretations while exploring the social momentum within Egyptian society. Second, the research seeks to investigate the relationship between the desire to transform Egypt into a knowledge-based society through the knowledge precincts projects, following the global agenda, and the creation of a political, social, and cultural environment that allows knowledge to thrive, leading to more social justice and equity. In the end, the research asks: What is the definition of ‘knowledge' provided by the Egyptian government through its different developmental policies? How does it function inside the knowledge precincts projects? It also asks: Does Egypt's commitment to large scale programs through knowledge precincts reveal an authoritarian inclination?

Life and Sport — Analysis on the Influence of Sports Architecture on Urban Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 559-563
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Xu Bai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Functional Role ◽  
Urban Culture ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Relationship

Sports will bring interests for the urban development, which is the starting point of the paper, then the relationship between urban development, urban landscape environment, urban culture and the sports building is analyzed to reflect on the design demands and the transformation of functional role, moreover the diversified development trend of sports building in the social, economic and cultural development as well as their commensal and harmonious design are proposed.

LEADERS, FARMERS, AND CRAFTERS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LEADING HOUSEHOLDS AND HOUSEHOLDS ACROSS THE CHAN COMMUNITY

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Robin ◽  
Laura Kosakowsky ◽  
Angela Keller ◽  
James Meierhoff
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Postclassic Period ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
Household Interaction ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organization Research

AbstractHouseholds, communities, and society exist in a mutually constituting relationship, shaping and being shaped by one another. Daily life within households can have political dimensions and affect societal organization. Research at the Maya farming community of Chan in Belize demonstrates how households shaped their lives, history, and politics for 2,000 years (800b.c.–a.d.1200). We examine the households of Chan's leaders and the social, economic, political, and religious relationships between leading households and other households across the community to show how novel forms of political practice arose through household interaction. Community leaders and households across the community developed community-focused ritual practices and group-oriented social, economic, ideological, and political strategies that were critical in the development of their community, were distinctive from normative individual-focused political practices of the Classic Maya kings, and may have influenced the later development of more diverse political strategies in the Maya area in the Postclassic period.

Bolshevik Approaches to Higher Education, 1917-1921

Slavic Review ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Mc Clelland
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Imperial Germany ◽  
Military Threat ◽  
The Social ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
National Movements ◽  
Revolutionary Regime

The period 1917-21 in Russia found the fledgling Bolshevik government engaged in desperate military struggles with imperial Germany, with several White Russian armies assisted in varying degrees by foreign troops and supplies, with national movements for independence, and with a newly restored Poland. Yet despite an ever-present military threat to the very existence of the new government, many Bolshevik leaders remained constantly aware that theirs was a revolutionary regime, with the goal of achieving a radical trans? formation of the social, economic, political, and cultural institutions they had inherited. Consequently this same period witnessed, in addition to the crucial military conflicts, several experimental efforts to achieve thoroughgoing institutional change.Higher education was one such target of reform, and this paper will describe succeeding attempts undertaken during 1917-21 to implement three radically different blueprints for reform of the higher educational system.

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