Planning for active management of future invasive pests affecting urban forests: the ecological and economic effects of varying Dutch elm disease management practices for street trees in Milwaukee, WI USA

Potato is an important staple food crop in both developed and developing countries. However, potato plants are susceptible to several economically important viruses that reduce yields by up to 50% and affect tuber quality. One of the major threats is corky ringspot, which is a tuber necrosis caused by tobacco rattle virus (TRV). The appearance of corky ringspot symptoms on tubers prior to commercialization results in ≈ 45% of the tubers being downgraded in quality and value, while ≈ 55% are declared unsaleable. To improve current disease management practices, we have developed simple diagnostic methods for the reliable detection of TRV without RNA purification, involving minimalized sample handling (mini), subsequent improved colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and final verification by lateral-flow dipstick (LFD) analysis. Having optimized the mini-LAMP-LFD approach for the sensitive and specific detection of TRV, we confirmed the reliability and robustness of this approach by the simultaneous detection of TRV and other harmful viruses in duplex LAMP reactions. Therefore, our new approach offers breeders, producers, and farmers an inexpensive and efficient new platform for disease management in potato breeding and cultivation.

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Fungicidal management of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook)

Journal of Applied and Natural Science ◽

10.31018/jans.v4i2.253 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 220-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dipak T. Nagrale ◽

Anil P. Gaikwad ◽

Sanjay Goswami ◽

Lalan Sharma

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Disease Control ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Management Practices ◽

Bordeaux Mixture ◽

Gerbera Jamesonii ◽

Leaf Spots ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Blight Disease

Alternaria, the fungal pathogen has wide host range generally attacks the aerial parts of plants causing leaf spots and blights. Gerbera is a genus of ornamental flower plants. Gerbera plants are infected by many diseases. Different disease management practices are adopted in gerbera cultivation. The fungicidal management of Alternaria blight is one of the important strategies for the disease management in gerbera in polyhouse condition. In this study, preventive and curative fungicidal sprays were adopted for the management of blight disease in polyhouse. This study revealed that preventive fungicidal sprays were significant over curative fungicidal sprays for the management of Alternaria alternata blight of gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii H. Bolus ex J.D. Hook) in polyhouse. The preventive sprays made of Bordeaux mixture (0.6 %), tricyclazole (0.1%) and iprodione + carbendazim (0.1%) fungicides were found effective with 95.85 %, 96.59 % and 95.88 % disease control respectively, under polyhouse condition.

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Diseases and disease management.

Cut flowers and foliages ◽

10.1079/9781789247602.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 258-315

Author(s):

Melissa Muñoz ◽

Elizabeth Cieniewicz ◽

James E. Faust

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Major Pathogens ◽

Symptoms And Signs

Abstract This chapter describes the general principles of disease management that apply to all pathogens, followed by a detailed description of the major pathogens, which fall into 4 broad categories, i.e. fungi/oomycetes, bacteria/phytoplasma, viruses and nematodes. The most important diseases of cut flowers, their causal microorganisms, symptoms and signs, epidemiology and management practices are addressed and organized by the primary tissues affected.

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How well do phylogenetic studies inform the conservation of Australian plants?

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt99027 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 321 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stephen D. Hopper

Keyword(s):

Endangered Species ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Best Management Practices ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Management Practices ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Active Management ◽

Conservation Priorities ◽

Plant Phylogeny ◽

Biological Studies

Conservation of Australian plants depends on a spectrum of activities from descriptive and experimental biological studies to active management and restoration of wild ecosystems by local communities who value their native biota. On the basis of the premise that available resources for conservation will not allow for all threatened biodiversity to be saved, some systematists and conservation geneticists argue that phylogenetic relationships should be used to set conservation priorities. The principle advocated is that characters, not species number, should become the currency of conservation, that cladistic analysis of phylogenetic pattern provides a predictive means of modelling the underlying distribution of characters among taxa, and that priority should be given to that subset of taxa with the greatest number of character states. This approach has been applied for some time in the conservation of genetic resources within species (e.g. Eucalyptus caesia), and has been an extra impetus for action with taxonomically isolated endangered species such as the recently discovered araucarian Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis). However, most plant conservation activity in Australia has paid little heed to phylogenetic relationships. Degree of threat has been a driving motivation, with endangered species receiving legislative and management attention irrespective of their systematic relationships. Moreover, the current revolution in understanding plant phylogeny associated with DNA sequence studies highlights the need for caution in accepting results of morphologically based analyses. A series of studies on the kangaroo paw and bloodroot family Haemodoraceae highlights this cautionary tale. The derivation of phylogenetic principles relevant to ecosystem and landscape processes is a new field of some promise to conservation managers. An understanding of the Gondwanan origins and landscape evolution of the south-west Australian flora provides a useful case study. Scaling up phylogenetic knowledge of genetic resources within species, and of the evolutionary relationships of taxa to an integrated overview of best management practices for all taxa at the local landscape level, is perhaps the most effective contribution phylogeneticists might make to help conserve Australian plants.

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Impact of Weather on Sigatoka Leaf Spot of Banana (Musa spp. L.) and its Ecofriendly Management

The Agriculturists ◽

10.3329/agric.v13i2.26587 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 44-53

Author(s):

M A H Khan ◽

I Hossain ◽

M U Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Management Practices ◽

Management Practice ◽

Foliar Spray ◽

Control Measures ◽

Environment Friendly

A study was carried out during July 2010 to April 2012 to understand the effect of weather prevalence on sigatoka disease of banana suckers in different areas of Bangladesh and to develop an environment friendly disease management practice. Four locations viz. Dinajpur, Bogra, Rangpur and Madhupur were surveyed. To find out suitable and ecofriendly management practices for controlling sigatoka disease of banana, seven treatments were used viz. i) Soil drenching with BAU- Biofungicide (2%), ii) BAU-Biofungicide as foliar spray (2%), iii) Soil drenching with BAU-Biofungicide (2%) plus foliar spray (2%), iv) Bavistin (carbendazim) spray (0.2%), v) Dithane M-45 (mancozeb) spray (0.2%), vi) Soil drenching with BAU-Biofungicide (2%) plus Bavistin spray (0.2%); and vii) control. The average highest incidence (26.42%) and severity (22.84%) of sigatoka disease of banana suckers were recorded during October at Bogra, while the lowest incidence (9.75 %) and severity (8.51%) were recorded during January at Dinajpur. Out of the control measures employed, BAU-Biofungicide (2%) either alone or in combination with Bavistin (0.2%) was found as an excellent biocontrol means for controlling sigatoka disease of banana suckers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v13i2.26587The Agriculturists 2015; 13(2) 44-53

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Arthropod Communities in Urban Agricultural Production Systems under Different Irrigation Sources in the Northern Region of Ghana

Insects ◽

10.3390/insects11080488 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 488

Author(s):

Louis Amprako ◽

Kathrin Stenchly ◽

Martin Wiehle ◽

George Nyarko ◽

Andreas Buerkert

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Production Systems ◽

Water Source ◽

Northern Region ◽

Economic Effects ◽

Feeding Guilds ◽

Natural Environments ◽

Arthropod Communities ◽

African Countries ◽

Species Accumulation Curves

Urban and peri-urban agricultural (UPA) production systems in West African countries do not only mitigate food and financial insecurity, they may also foster biodiversity of arthropods and partly compensate for structural losses of natural environments. However, management practices in UPA systems like irrigation may also contribute to disturbances in arthropod ecology. To fill knowledge gaps in the relationships between UPA management and arthropod populations, we compared arthropods species across different irrigation sources in Tamale. During a 72-h sampling period, 14,226 arthropods were caught with pitfall traps and pan traps from 36 fields. These specimens comprised 13 orders, 103 families, 264 genera, and 329 taxa (243 identified species, 86 unidentified species) and categorized into five feeding guilds (carnivores, decomposers, herbivores, omnivores, and pollinators). Species richness, species accumulation curves, and diversity functions (richness, evenness, and dispersion) were calculated to characterize the arthropod community. Non-metric multidimensional scaling was applied to examine structural similarity of arthropod communities among sites. To account for the effects of soil-related data, we furthermore applied a redundancy analysis. Arthropods grouped according to the irrigation water source, whereby the dipterans were most dominant under wastewater conditions. Here, particularly the eye gnat, Hippelates pusio, a disease-causing vector for humans, accounted for the dipterans. The occurrence of three alien ant species suggested community shifts through invasive species, while the occurrence of seven ant species (at least one ant species occurred under each water source) that form mutualistic relationships with aphids highlighted future risks of aphid pest outbreak. Future studies on these taxa should specifically target their ecological and economic effects and potential countermeasures.

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