scholarly journals Urban open spaces from a dispersal perspective: lessons from an individual-based model approach to assess the effects of landscape patterns on the viability of wildlife populations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Homero Marconi Penteado
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Landscape Patterns ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Development Patterns ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Wildlife Populations

AbstractGreen areas drawn on a city plan represent open spaces that have different meanings for humans and wildlife. Diverse kinds of green may influence species viability in urban environments. It is necessary to understand what those areas mean for wildlife populations and how land-use changes affect habitats and movements for making scientifically defensible planning and design decisions. My objective was to demonstrate how open space and urban development patterns affect the viability of wildlife populations in urbanizing landscapes from a movements perspective. Eight scenarios for 2060 for an urbanizing area near Portland, Oregon combined four open space (none, corridors, parks, and network) with two urban development patterns (compact and dispersed). Dispersal model HexSim simulated three target species – Red-legged frog (Rana aurora aurora), Western meadowlark (Sturnella neclecta) and Douglas squirrel (Tamasciurus douglasii) – movements on those scenarios to compare and contrast sustained populations to the ca. 2010 baseline landscape. Network scenarios presented the largest number of frog breeders. Greenway scenarios showed the largest populations of squirrels. Park and network scenarios sustained viable populations of meadowlarks, but park scenarios performed best. Compact development scenarios performed best for most indicators, while dispersed development scenarios performed better for meadowlarks. Network scenarios performed best when considering the collective of species. Networks presented more diverse habitats, sustaining higher diversity of species. For plans to sustain more species, more comprehensive and diverse habitats must be promoted, otherwise trade-offs should be expected – like the extinction of meadowlarks in greenway scenarios.

scholarly journals SEBARAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU JAGAKARSA

MODUL ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Nia Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Physical Development ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
The Relationship

Acceleration in urban development had impact to environment and urban spatial. The increase of physical development and urban infrastructure influence to decreasing quantity of green open space. The green open space needs as one of solution to bind up the relationship between human. The population increased as benchmark of green open spaces needed in the region.. The purpose of this study is: (1) identify spread of green open spaces in Jagakarsa, (2) analize the needed of green open space The analysis method based on spread and land cover constrained by sub district and district garden in Jagakarsa. The spreading of district garden Jagakarsa had not spread which is need government policy to secure and increase spreading the green open space. 

scholarly journals High Quality Open Spaces in Urban Development — Selected Examples from Graz, Austria

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-98
Author(s):  
Теодор Виммер ◽  
Мария-Бернадетт Турнер ◽  
Иши Дорау ◽  
Хаймо Фриш ◽  
Оливер Ратшулер
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Open Space Planning

Growing urbanization poses an enormous challenge to city planners. Noticeable effects of the increased population density in cities include housing shortages, rising real estate prices, increased traffic, air pollution, shortages of green spaces and attractive public spaces, the rising cost of urban infrastructure and the risk of social tensions. Especially in dense urban areas, public open spaces (squares and streets, urban parks and spacious recreational areas) have become increasing important. Their design, functionality and the adaption to the needs of the residents significantly influences the quality and atmosphere of urban coexistence. The consideration of quality criteria is essential for the creation of sustainable, livable and smart open spaces. Modern approaches to sustainable planning in urban areas and the versatile aspects of state-of-the-art open space design are the core themes of this article. General aspects of landscape planning in Austria and selected best practice projects in the context of urban development are presented.This article gives an overview of open space planning in Austria. To be successful, projects must consider the specific needs of city districts, which requires tailor-made approaches and an interdisciplinary planning team. To be accepted and adequately used by the public, projects must be based on a detailed analyses of the spatial, natural and social conditions.The complex and diverse challenges of open space planning in Austrian cities can be seen as representative for other cities, as certain urban trends occur (in slightly altered dimensions) all over Europe or on an even bigger scale. Selected best practice urban planning projects, which have been realized by freiland Environmental Consulting CE Ltd, based on state-of-the-art principles, demonstrate modern planning approaches to tackling these challenges.

scholarly journals Predict and Simulate Sustainable Urban Growth by Using GIS and MCE Based CA. Case of Famagusta in Northern Cyprus

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4446
Author(s):  
Can Kara ◽  
Naciye Doratlı
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽  
The Future

The research study utilizes Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) method in geographic information systems (GIS) environment and uses MCE suitability maps with Cellular Automata (CA) for predicting and simulating sustainable urban development scenarios in Famagusta City. It represents first scenario-based simulations of the future growth of Famagusta as “do-nothing” and “sustainable”. Under the do-nothing scenario, Markov Chain probability analysis with CA models is used with temporal land-use/cover datasets based on the images from 2002 and 2011. It shows that, Famagusta City is moving away from sustainable development. Future expansion of both medium-density and low-density urban zones are always located around existing built-up urban area along transportation lines. A similar model is employed by applying sustainable urban development policies by the policy driven scenario. As a main goal, sustainable urban development includes three main criteria, compactness, environmental protection, and social equity. Additionally, brownfield development, distance from center, soil characteristics, soil productivity, vegetation, environmental protection areas (EPA), distance from local services, distance from open space are used as criteria with Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Having such a simulation with the combination of MCE, GIS, and CA has several advantages. Prediction of urban growth presents possible alternative development in the future; visualization of decision making easier for town planners and supports the spatial planning process; and creates more realistic results of our choices related to urban growth.

scholarly journals Planning and Restoration of Environmental Values in Nigeria Dysfunctional Societies

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
J. O Basorun ◽  
D.A Ayeni
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Environmental Values ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Physical Planning ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Urban centers in Nigeria are becoming dysfunctional – a situation that threatens ourenvironmental values. This study, examines the pattern, process and problems of thesesocieties which experience rapid urban development pressure on account of highpopulation growth and decentralization of governance in the form of states and localgovernment creations. The study adopts extensive review of literature and findings revealthat Nigeria records very high level of urbanization and pollution, lacks effective culturaland physical planning policies, mismanages its urban open spaces, without adequatepersonnel to plan and organize the urban environments. Recommendations were madeon ways of restoring these environmental values through effective planning of urbancenters in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Green Configuration-Based GIS Spatial Model in Riparian Area of the River Kuin Banjarmasin, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 04006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nova Annisa ◽  
Hafiizh Prasetia ◽  
Rony Riduan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Spatial Model ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Development Research ◽  
Gray Zone ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Riparian Area ◽  
Green Cover ◽  
Green Zone

Green cover configuration plays an important role in urban development. Research has been carried out from an investigation at riparian area of The River Kuin, Banjarmasin, Indonesia. In the riparian area of The River Kuin consists of 65.87% build-up area (red zone), 25.12% streets (gray zone), and 9% of green open space (green zone). Based on calculations with the vegetation index, the green open space which amounts to 9% is able to store carbon reserves of 129.21 tons. In addition, the presence of green open spaces also contributes to the atmosphere of life in the riparian area.

scholarly journals Urban Sustainability through Innovative Open Space Design. A Novel Approach to the Regeneration of Historic Open Spaces in Some Eastern European Countries and China

Earth ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-423
Author(s):  
Albert Fekete ◽  
Katarzyna Hodor ◽  
Daixin Dai
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Open Space ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Space Design ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
The Status ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Looking at the urban development of the past two centuries, we can conclude that engineers and architects have been dominating the field of urban design all over Europe. Architects played the most important role, which became even more significant with the increase of urban development. Beyond the architectural approach, a greater importance had been attributed to ecological aspects of urban planning by the turn of the 20th century as, for example, the advance of the garden city movement illustrates. This article focuses on the review of crucial open-space renewal projects from two Eastern European cities and China. The case studies are used to shed light on the characteristics and historical values of contemporary open-space design, based on innovative and landscape architectural approaches and artistic solutions. The study shows that the original role of urban open spaces was significantly extended during the first decades of the 21st century. The increased needs for representation—commercial, cultural and living functions, and ecological and healthy benefits—led to a multifunctional approach in design and planning. The renewal of the historic urban open spaces is carried out under an integrated framework and a unified goal: the development-oriented heritage conservation. Based on strong economic aspects, the general tendency is clearly positive—in spite of still-existing problematic issues (for instance, the management of public transport or the status of public utilities). In the time of a growing awareness of open-space heritage, this overview tries to depict possible general principles of a long-term renewal strategy built on local identity, heritage values and social sustainability.

scholarly journals Higher Density Environments and the Critical Role of City Streets as Public Open Spaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8896
Author(s):  
Liang Wen ◽  
Jeffrey Kenworthy ◽  
Dora Marinova
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Traffic Calming ◽  
Tactical Urbanism ◽  
The Right ◽  
Public Open Spaces

This paper explores the relationship between crowding and streets as public open spaces in high-density urban environments from the perspectives of perceived density and human needs, two antecedents to crowdedness. City streets are the places through which various forms of crowding are perceived and experienced. Hence, they can play a role in easing this sense of crowding if corresponding strategies are put in place. The paper argues that practices, such as traffic calming and self-building, can transform the streets to serve as public open space, which increases spaciousness and eases crowding. It also puts forward tactical urbanism as a strategy for city governance to create the right conditions encouraging flourishing civil society initiatives in a dense primary environment that is invigorating and at the same time has a level of crowding perceived as both comfortable and liveable.

scholarly journals Vegetation distribution analysis of green open space in Binjai Timur, North Sumatera Province using normalized difference vegetation index

2021 ◽  
Vol 918 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
A Zaitunah ◽  
Samsuri ◽  
N Hidayat
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
High Density ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Density Class ◽  
The North

Abstract As the city grows, more and more vegetated land is converted to non-vegetated land. This also occurred at Binjai, a city in the North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to examine the urban vegetation cover and its changes between 2015 and 2019. The research was carried out in Binjai Timur, which is one of Binjai’s sub-districts. The distribution of vegetation density was measured using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) value classification. The decrease in the dense class to 10.08 percent was the most significant change in vegetation density class between 2015 and 2019. This was followed by an 8.87 percent increase in the high-density class. This indicates that there is an area with vegetation density increased from lower density to high density. The district has green open spaces in the form of a neighborhood park, cemetery, sub-district park, greenbelt along the road and river, and house yards, according to the field check. These green open spaces were located in low and medium-density areas. The findings suggest that planting trees in those locations and arrangement of vegetation within parks could improve its quality and function. For good quality of urban environments, it is optimizing the use of house yards as vegetated land and boosting green open space quality is required.

Emergence and Evolution of the Urban Public Open Spaces of Ankara within the Urban Development History: 1923 to Present

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-51
Author(s):  
Nevruz Cinar Ozdil ◽  
Henrik Vejre ◽  
Fatma Cana Bilsel
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Development Strategies ◽  
Urban Change ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Development History ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
The City ◽  
Public Open Spaces

Public open space (POS) in Ankara reflects both the negative and positive aspects of urban change. Evolving public space development strategies in Ankara played a fundamental role in the protection, promotion, and enhancement of POS from 1923 to 2017. This study shows that while the POS development of the city was addressed as an integrative and comprehensive structure in the entire city by the Lörcher (1924–1925) and Jansen (1932) plans, the subsequent approaches to POS were more superficial, piecemeal, and simplistic.

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