Measuring the Economic Benefits of the Tap Water Supply Service in Urban Areas: The Case of Korea

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Seok Lee ◽  
Seung-Hoon Yoo ◽  
Jeehyeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Economic Benefits

Applying sustainable water management concepts in rural and urban areas: some thoughts about reasons, means and needs

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Wilderer
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Classical System ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
High Tech ◽  
World Population ◽  
Management Concepts ◽  
The World ◽  
Water Supply And Sanitation

Serving the world population with adequate drinking water and sanitation is an important prerequisite, not only to hygienic safety, but to prosperity and political stability as well, and will foster the adaptive capacity of the societies in the developing countries and beyond. To avoid hygienic and political disasters impacting the world economy, investment in water supply and sanitation must urgently be made. Whether the classical system of urban water supply and sanitation is appropriate to satisfy the needs of the developing world, however, and whether this system meets the general criteria of sustainability is questionable. The costs and the time needed for installation of sewers and wastewater treatment plants are tremendous. In water shortage areas, the amount of tap water required to transport pollutants to the treatment plant is hardly affordable. Recovery and re-introduction of valuable substances, including water, into the urban cycle of materials is impossible because of mixing and dilution effects inherent in the system. Decentralized water and wastewater management should be seriously taken into account as an alternative. Source separation of specific fractions of domestic and industrial wastewater, separate treatment of these fractions and recovery of water and raw materials including fertilizer and energy are the main characteristics of modern high-tech on-site treatment/reuse systems. Mass production of the key components of the system could reduce the costs of the treatment units to a reasonable level. On-site units could be installed independently of the development stage of the urban sewer system. In conjunction with building new housing complexes a stepwise improvement of the hygienic situation in urban and peri-urban areas could be achieved, therefore. Remote control of the satellite systems using modern telecommunication methods would allow reliable operation, and comfort for the users. Intensive research is required, however, to develop this system and bring it to a standard allowing efficient application worldwide.

Some Experimental Discussion of Accuracies in Quantitative Virus Assessment for Water Supply

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
Hisashi Sumitomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lake Biwa ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Statistical Procedure ◽  
Statistical Nature ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
Precise Assessment

Chlorination has been believed to be the best sterilization method in water supply engineering for many years. However, the recent carcinogenic problem of trihalomethanes (THM) formed from organic compounds by chlorination requires us to assess the public health risk of THM. The author tried an assessment of a suitable chlorination technique considering both the effects of THM and viruses on human health, using Lake Biwa as a representative example of a water resource in Japan. Statistical handling of data was revealed to be important because of the statistical nature of the data. In other words, since both concentrations are very low in tap water, we need to quantify both the effects and concentrations with probabilities. In the first part of this paper, a statistical procedure and numerical results of the assessment of virus and THM risks are shown. In the second part some results of accuracies in virus experiments are briefly shown. These experiments concerning statistical problems are particularly important for more precise assessment of the public risk of viruses in tap water.

Interactions of 2-PPM Lead in the Water Supply with Food Deprivation upon Maze-Swimming Behavior of Mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kowalski ◽  
G. H. Parker ◽  
M. A. Persinger
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Swimming Behavior ◽  
Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Techniques ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Food Condition ◽  
Ad Libitum

Mice that had been given either tap water or 2 ppm lead in their drinking water and either severely food deprived (3 days before testing) or allowed food ad libitum demonstrated significant interactions of lead treatment by day by food condition and lead by block. Although not statistically significant, the food deprived-lead treated mice displayed more errors and longer latencies than the ad libitum-water controls. The food deprived-water controls and ad libitum-lead-treated mice displayed intermediate values. The importance of using multivariate statistical techniques that can evaluate dynamic repeated behavioral measurements is emphasized.

scholarly journals Innovative approach for achieving of sustainable urban water supply system by using of solar photovoltaic energy

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jure Margeta ◽  
Bojan Đurin
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Water Supply System ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Urban Water Supply ◽  
Pump Station

Paper describes and analyses new and innovative concept for possible integration of solar photovoltaic (PV) energy in urban water supply system (UWSS). Proposed system consists of PV generator and invertor, pump station and water reservoir. System is sized in such a manner that every his part is sized separately and after this integrated into a whole. This integration is desirable for several reasons, where the most important is the achievement of the objectives of sustainable living in urban areas i.e. achieving of sustainable urban water supply system. The biggest technological challenge associated with the use of solar, wind and other intermittent renewable energy sources RES is the realization of economically and environmentally friendly electric energy storage (EES). The paper elaborates the use of water reservoires in UWSS as EES. The proposed solution is still more expensive than the traditional and is economically acceptable today in the cases of isolated urban water system and special situations. Wider application will depend on the future trends of energy prices, construction costs of PV generators and needs for CO2 reduction by urban water infrastructure.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Mutagenicity of Municipal Tap Water from Two Different Water Supply Systems in Summer and Winter

2003 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 369-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitsuko TAKAHASHI ◽  
Shin'ichi ISODA ◽  
Kiyoshi KOIZUMI ◽  
Koji OKI ◽  
Haruko SAITO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Supply Systems

Detection of infectious enteroviruses and adenoviruses in tap water in urban areas in Korea

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hoon Lee ◽  
Sang-Jong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tap Water

Household greywater use practices in Melbourne, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Sinclair ◽  
J. O'Toole ◽  
M. Malawaraarachchi ◽  
K. Leder
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
Housing Developments ◽  
End Use ◽  
Volume Estimates ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Greywater Reuse

Research on the potential of greywater reuse to reduce urban tap water demand has focused mainly on permanently installed greywater treatment or irrigation systems. These may be readily implemented in new housing developments, but experience in Australia shows their uptake by established households in urban areas is low. The majority of households employ simple and temporary methods for greywater collection and use, but their behaviour has not been well documented. We characterised the greywater use practices of over 1,000 Melbourne households during a 5-year period (2007 to 2011) which included 3 years of severe drought with stringent restrictions on outdoor tap water use. Greywater was most frequently collected from the laundry and bathroom, and generally used within 24 hours. Garden watering was the most common end use, and treatment of greywater to reduce microbial contamination was very rare. Volume estimates by householders suggest that on average around 10% of tap water used in the home was being collected for reuse. When drought conditions and water restrictions eased, over 40% of user households discontinued greywater use. Widespread adoption of permanent greywater collection, treatment and storage systems by households would be required to achieve a lasting effect on urban water consumption.

Microplastics throughout a tap water supply network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Dalmau‐Soler ◽  
Rubèn Ballesteros‐Cano ◽  
Núria Ferrer ◽  
M. Rosa Boleda ◽  
Sílvia Lacorte
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Supply Network ◽  
Water Supply Network

scholarly journals Water Woes in Zimbabwe’s Urban Areas in the Middist Of Plenty: 2000 -Present

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enock C. Makwara
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Service Failure ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Recent Outbreak

Zimbabwe’s urban areas are choking under the weight of over-crowdedness amidstdilapidated infrastructure that is characterised by constant service failure. The water andsewer systems of the country’s major urban centres are on the verge of collapse, thusputting millions of people in danger of consuming contaminated water, including thatfrom underground sources. Waste management and water supply problems manifestthemselves as challenges bedevilling many an urban area in the country. The quality andquantity of water supplied in Zimbabwe’s urban centres has plummeted in recent yearsand has assumed crisis proportions owing to the difficult economic situation and otherchallenges faced by the country. The situation is desperate and dire, as is evidenced by thepoor quality of delivered water, severe water rationing and the outbreak of water-bornediseases in the urban areas dotted across the country. The situation demands and dictatesthat solutions be proffered as a matter of urgency.The recent outbreak of epidemics hasbeen blamed on lack of access to safe water and poor sanitation, two crucial factors incontrolling the spread of diseases. An overly bureaucratic environment, where decisionsand processes take longer, makes life complicated for poor urban residents. Such ascenario motivated the researchers to examine the problem with a view to suggest waysand means of intervening to mitigate and resolve the problem. It emerged from thefindings that the problem is multifaceted in nature, hence a whole range of measures needto be adopted if a long-term solution is to be provided.

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