Water Scarcity Management in Arid Regions Based on an Extended Multiple Criteria Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nastaran Chitsaz ◽  
Ali Azarnivand
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Multiple Criteria

scholarly journals REÚSO DE ÁGUA E CONSTRUÇÃO DE CENÁRIOS FUTUROS: PERSPECTIVAS E DESAFIOS PARA REGIÕES SEMIÁRIDAS

polemica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 072-086
Author(s):  
Sandra Sereide Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Vera Lúcia Antunes De Lima ◽  
Ângela Maria Cavalcanti Ramalho ◽  
Allan Carlos Alves
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
The Public ◽  
Building Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Semi Arid

Resumo: A escassez da água em regiões áridas e semiáridas tem sido tema de debates, políticas e pesquisas com o objetivo principal de subsidiar as ações capazes de permitir o seu aproveitamento racional, permitindo a convivência da população com os períodos de seca ou reduzida precipitação. Assim, a escassez de água tem conduzido à implantação de projetos de desenvolvimento, que têm como desafio a busca de alternativas de convivência com a seca que conduzam a melhorias sociais. Com base nesse contexto, este estudo tem como objetivo propor a criação de um modelo de construção de cenários para viabilidade do reúso de água para ser utilizado como elemento mitigador das implicações da seca em regiões semiáridas. O modelo de construção de cenários é um importante instrumento de gerenciamento de recursos naturais, neste caso específico, recursos hídricos, pois permite envolver um grande número de participantes, tem a possibilidade de orientar o debate público para a construção estratégica coletiva de um futuro almejado, contribui para um eficaz processo de aprendizagem organizacional no âmbito do Sistema Nacional de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos visando um melhor entendimento, tanto dos aspectos ambientais quanto dos aspectos sociais e institucionais relacionados aos recursos hídricos no País, em especial, nas regiões semiáridas. Como se trabalham e convivem com a incerteza, os cenários procuram analisar e sistematizar as diversas probabilidades dos eventos e dos processos por meio da exploração dos pontos de mudança e das grandes tendências, de modo que as alternativas mais prováveis sejam antecipadas.Palavras-chaves: Recursos Hídricos. Reúso de Água. Regiões Semiáridas. Construção de Cenários.Abstract: Water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions has been the subject of debates, policies and research with the main objective of subsidizing actions capable of allowing their rational use, allowing the population to coexist with periods of drought or reduced precipitation. Thus, water scarcity has led to the implementation of development projects, which challenge the search for alternatives to coexistence with drought that lead to social improvements. Based on this context, this study aims to propose the creation of a model for the construction of scenarios for the feasibility of water reuse to be used as a mitigating element of the drought implications in semi-arid regions. The scenario building model is an important tool for managing natural resources, in this specific case, water resources, since it allows a large number of participants to be involved, it has the possibility of guiding the public debate towards the collective strategic construction of a desired future, contributes to an effective organizational learning process within the National Water Resources Management System aiming at a better understanding of both the environmental aspects and the social and institutional aspects related to the water resources in the Country, especially in the semi-arid regions. As they work and coexist with uncertainty, the scenarios seek to analyze and systematize the various probabilities of events and processes by exploring the points of change and the major trends, so that the most likely alternatives are anticipated.Keywords: Water Resources. Water reuse. Semi-Arid Regions. Construction of Scenarios.

scholarly journals Availability and Feasibility of Water Desalination as a Non-Conventional Resource for Agricultural Irrigation in the MENA Region: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7592
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Awaad ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Hassan E.S. Fath ◽  
Akbar A. Javadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Quality Of Water

Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which poses a great challenge to agricultural production. Furthermore, water scarcity is projected to increase due to climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The integration of solar power and water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages is one of the preferred technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done through sufficient management of environmental climatic variables as well as the quantity and quality of water and applied fertilisers with irrigation. Numerous crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuces, strawberries, flowers, and herbs can be grown under greenhouse conditions using desalinated water. This paper displays the state of the art in (i) solar-driven saltwater desalination to irrigate crops, (ii) the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in the MENA region, (iii) the economics and environmental impacts of the desalination process, (iv) the quality of desalinated water compared with other non-conventional water resources and (v) recommendations for the future in the MENA region.

scholarly journals Simulating Wheat Production Potential Under Near-future Climate Change in Arid Regions of Northeast Iran

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Farhad Saberali ◽  
Zahra Shirmohammadi-Aliakbarkhani ◽  
Hossein Nastari Nasrabadi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Northeast Iran

Abstract Water scarcity is the key challenge in arid regions, which exacerbates under climate change (CC) and must be considered to assess the impacts of CC on cropping systems. A climate-crop modelling approach was employed by using the CSM-CERES-Wheat model in some arid regions of northeast Iran to project the effects of CC on irrigated wheat production. Current climate data for 1990-2019 and climate projections of three climate models for 2021–2050 under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios were used to run the crop model. Two irrigation scenarios with different irrigation efficiencies were also simulated to investigate the impacts of water scarcity associated with changing climate and irrigation management on wheat productivity. Results indicated that mean temperature is projected to increase at the rates of 1.74–2.73 °C during the reproductive growth period of winter wheat over the study areas. The precipitation projections also indicated that the precipitation rates would decrease over most of the wheat-growing period. The length of the vegetative growth period will extend in some regions and shorten in others under the near future climate. However, the grain filling duration will reduce by about 2–4 days across all regions. The mean seasonal PET is expected to decrease by about 11 mm from 2021 to 2050 over the study areas. A mean overall reduction in winter wheat yield due to future climate conditions would be about 12.3 % across the study areas. However, an increase of 15-30% in the irrigation efficiency will be able to offset yield reductions associated with limited water supply under future climate scenarios. The results suggest that CC will exacerbate limited irrigation water availability, so implementing high-efficiency irrigation systems should be a priority to adapt to climate change in an arid cropping system.

scholarly journals Assessing Suitability of Sorghum to Alleviate Sub-Saharan Nutritional Deficiencies through the Nutritional Water Productivity Index in Semi-Arid Regions

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Sandile T. Hadebe ◽  
Albert T. Modi ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Sorghum Genotypes ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Semi Arid

Lack of cereal nutritional water productivity (NWP) information disadvantages linkages of nutrition to water–food nexus as staple food crops in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study determined the suitability of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) genotypes to alleviate protein, Zn and Fe deficiency under water-scarce dryland conditions through evaluation of NWP. Sorghum genotypes (Macia, Ujiba, PAN8816, IsiZulu) NWP was quantified from three planting seasons for various sorghum seed nutrients under dryland semi-arid conditions. Seasons by genotypes interaction highly and significantly affected NWPStarch, Ca, Cu, Fe, and significantly affected NWPMg, K, Na, P, Zn. Genotypic variations highly and significantly affected sorghum NWPProtein, Mn. Macia exhibited statistically superior NWPprotein (13.2–14.6 kg·m−3) and NWPZn (2.0–2.6 g·m−3) compared to other tested genotypes, while Macia NWPFe (2.6–2.7 g·m−3) was considerably inferior to that of Ujiba and IsiZulu landraces under increased water scarcity. Excellent overall NWPprotein, Fe and Zn under water scarcity make Macia a well-rounded genotype suitable to alleviating food and nutritional insecurity challenges in semi-arid SSA; however, landraces are viable alternatives with limited NWPprotein and Zn penalty under water-limited conditions. These results underline genotype selection as a vital tool in improving “nutrition per drop” in semi-arid regions.

Management of groundwater salinization under a climate change scenario in an aridarea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oussama Dhaoui ◽  
Isabel Margarida Horta Ribeiro Antunes ◽  
Belgacem Agoubi ◽  
Adel Kharroubi
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Climate Change Scenario ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Change Scenario ◽  
Geochemical Processes ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Groundwater Quantity

<p>Most future scenarios for water resources are predicting water scarcity, with a decrease in the amount<br>of precipitation and limitation on groundwater recharge for the next five decades. In arid and semi-<br>arid areas, the water quality is a great problem and groundwater salinization is one of the principal<br>causes of degradation of water resources worldwide.<br>Menzel Habib aquifer is located in the northwest of Gabès region (southeastern Tunisia), included in<br>the arid Mediterranean bioclimatic area, with dry hot summers and relatively warm winters.<br>Groundwater geochemistry from the study area shows a Na-Cl and Ca-Mg-Cl-SO 4 dominant facies.<br>The high groundwater mineralization and its correlation between total dissolved solids and major ions<br>suggest a contribution of SO 4 , Cl, Na, Ca and Mg in groundwater salinization processes.<br>The salinization of groundwater is mainly associated with the Triassic evaporites, with the dissolution<br>of halite, anhydrite and gypsum, occurring in the area, and related to the tectonic context of the<br>region. Additionally, other geochemical processes occurred, such is the cation exchange mechanisms.<br>Changes in precipitation patterns and intensity, with water scarcity, low recharge and excessive<br>pumping have affected groundwater quantity and quality. Nowadays, the occurrence of climate<br>changes scenarios is a major drawback for water use for irrigation and drinking water supply in arid<br>and semi-arid regions, such as Menzel Habib aquifer.</p>

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