scholarly journals Availability and Feasibility of Water Desalination as a Non-Conventional Resource for Agricultural Irrigation in the MENA Region: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7592
Author(s):  
Hassan A. Awaad ◽  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Mohammad Akrami ◽  
Hassan E.S. Fath ◽  
Akbar A. Javadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Desalinated Water ◽  
Quality Of Water

Many countries in the MENA region (Middle East and North Africa) are facing water scarcity, which poses a great challenge to agricultural production. Furthermore, water scarcity is projected to increase due to climate change, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. The integration of solar power and water desalination systems in greenhouses to overcome water shortages is one of the preferred technologies in crop-growing areas. Crop growth control is done through sufficient management of environmental climatic variables as well as the quantity and quality of water and applied fertilisers with irrigation. Numerous crops such as cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, lettuces, strawberries, flowers, and herbs can be grown under greenhouse conditions using desalinated water. This paper displays the state of the art in (i) solar-driven saltwater desalination to irrigate crops, (ii) the feasibility of water desalination for agriculture in the MENA region, (iii) the economics and environmental impacts of the desalination process, (iv) the quality of desalinated water compared with other non-conventional water resources and (v) recommendations for the future in the MENA region.

scholarly journals Problems of water supply of the population and application of the method of electrolysis-structural activation for partial solution

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Ludmila Prikhodko ◽  
Galina Bryukhanova ◽  
Ekaterina Beljakova
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Partial Solution ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Membrane Technology ◽  
Saline Groundwater ◽  
Desalinated Water

We analyzed the problems of water supply for the population of global scale and regional importance. A method for the electrolysis-structural activation of water oriented on the use of initial fresh rainwater or desalinated membrane technology of sea water in a mix with biologically purified household sewage waters. This method can be used on sea vessels, in arid regions of the planet, and in areas with saline groundwater. Activation of water is achieved by mixing biologically purified wastewater obtained by technology that ensures the quality of purified water at the level of requirements for release in a fishery pond and desalinated water (rainwater) or obtained by reverse osmosis in a ratio of their volumes not more than 10:1

scholarly journals Impact of COVID-19 on mental health and quality of life: Is there any effect? A cross-sectional study of the MENA region

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0249107
Author(s):  
Ayesha S. Al Dhaheri ◽  
Mo’ath F. Bataineh ◽  
Maysm N. Mohamad ◽  
Abir Ajab ◽  
Amina Al Marzouqi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Family Support ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major health crisis that has changed the life of millions globally. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the pandemic on mental health and quality of life among the general population in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. A total of 6142 adults from eighteen countries within the MENA region completed an online questionnaire between May and June 2020. Psychological impact was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the social and family support impact was assessed with questions from the Perceived Support Scale (PSS). The IES-R mean score was 29.3 (SD = 14.8), corresponding to mild stressful impact with 30.9% reporting severe psychological impact. Most participants (45%–62%) felt horrified, apprehensive, or helpless due to COVID-19. Furthermore, over 40% reported increased stress from work and financial matters. Higher IES-R scores were found among females, participants aged 26–35 years, those with lower educational level, and participants residing in the North Africa region (p<0.005). About 42% reported receiving increased support from family members, 40.5% were paying more attention to their mental health, and over 40% reported spending more time resting since the pandemic started. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with mild psychological impact while it also encouraged some positive impact on family support and mental health awareness among adults in the MENA region. Clinical interventions targeted towards vulnerable groups such as females and younger adults are needed.

scholarly journals POVERTY ALLEVIATION THROUGH ETHICAL PHILANTHROPY IN THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA (MENA) REGION

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-186
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Phenomenological Hermeneutics ◽  
The People ◽  
Ethical Role

Poverty using the United Nations’ criteria refers to denial of choices, opportunities, and the lack of capacity as a result of low income for a person to effectively participate in society. Poverty creates problems such as ill-health, inability to acquire the basic necessities of life, deprivation of full exercise of civic and political rights, and so forth. In spite of the enormous wealth in both human and natural resources in MENA, many people in the region are living in abject poverty. Using phenomenological hermeneutics and existential critical analysis, the paper argues for ethical philanthropy to be used to alleviate the poverty in the region. Poverty is an ethical issue for it affects the quality of lives that humans can live as moral beings and impacts human behaviour. It is unacceptable that the enormous wealth of the region is not used for the benefit of all. Outside government efforts and the imperative of efficient political leadership, wealthy individuals and non-governmental groups have a moral responsibility to help to alleviate poverty in the region. It is this ethical role of individuals and groups in rendering philanthropic help to alleviate and if possible end poverty in the region that is the thrust of this paper. The paper affirms that abject and other forms of poverty are present in the region. The paper concludes that individuals and groups have an ethical duty in philanthropy to alleviate poverty in the region. The people of the region will become better and achieve a higher level of happiness and peace through the practice of ethical philanthropy.

Quality Degradation in Waters Undergoing Interbasin Transfer

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-423
Author(s):  
E. Davis ◽  
V.H. Remenda ◽  
E.K. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
River System ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
The Past ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Drainage Channels ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Alternative Routes

Abstract The Saskatchewan River system is the main source of good quality water in the Western Interior Sedimentary Basin which forms the populated and agricultural area of the prairie region of Western Canada. Water from this river system has in the past been diverted at many points into local drainage areas where water shortages existed. It is expected that in the future more diversion schemes will be initiated to transport Saskatchewan River water to the water deficient areas of the Prairies. There is evidence that the quality of water flowing into diversion schemes utilizing existing drainage systems or glacial and proglacial drainage channels has been degraded from natural causes. Increases in mineral salts and phosphates, in some cases, has rendered the diverted water of little use for domestic, industrial and agricultural purposes. More diversions are in the feasibility and planning stages - many diversions may prove to be unacceptable if the inherent degradation potential of natural channels is understood. Alternative diversion routes and schemes which exclude the use of topographical low areas will have to be devised and investigations conducted on the degradation potential of the alternative routes.

scholarly journals Perception of the inhabitants of the department of Caldas, Colombia on the effects of climate change on water quality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Paola Ríos Hernández ◽  
Olga Lucía Ocampo López ◽  
Paula Tatiana González Pérez ◽  
Fabián Guillermo Gaviria Ortiz ◽  
Victoria Salazar Gil
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Quality Of Water

Abstract Climate change has direct effects on the availability and quality of water for human consumption. In order to propose actions aimed at reducing vulnerability caused by water shortages and risk management required due to extreme events, real knowledge of the communitỳs perception is vital. This study developed in the department of Caldas, in the Colombian Andean region, analysed the perception of the incidence of climate change particularly related to water resources. To achieve this, a survey was used with various actors based on the first National Survey of Public Perception of Climate Change. The results show that the respondents perceive that the availability and quality of water are indeed highly threatened by climate change. As actions for adaptation, they suggested the promotion of the protection of hydrographic basins and a greater control of dumping liquids into surface water sources. Finally, they requested increased opportunities to improve water governance and participation in decision-making bodies regarding climate change, which they see as a fundamental aspect to achieve a real climate empowerment that can lead to action and adaptation in the territories in emerging countries.

scholarly journals Assessing the Quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 297-309
Author(s):  
Saja H Almazrou ◽  
Layan A Alsubki ◽  
Norah A Alsaigh ◽  
Wadha H Aldhubaib ◽  
Sharifah M Ghazwani
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Mena Region

Reflecting the Sky in Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cristofaro
Keyword(s):  
The Unconscious ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Water ◽  
Land Water

From a phenomenological perspective, the reflective quality of water has a visually dramatic impact, especially when combined with the light of celestial phenomena. However, the possible presence of water as a means for reflecting the sky is often undervalued when interpreting archaeoastronomical sites. From artificial water spaces, such as ditches, huacas and wells to natural ones such as rivers, lakes and puddles, water spaces add a layer of interacting reflections to landscapes. In the cosmological understanding of skyscapes and waterscapes, a cross-cultural metaphorical association between water spaces and the underworld is often revealed. In this research, water-skyscapes are explored through the practice of auto-ethnography and reflexive phenomenology. The mirroring of the sky in water opens up themes such as the continuity, delimitation and manipulation of sky phenomena on land: water spaces act as a continuation of the sky on earth; depending on water spaces’ spatial extension, selected celestial phenomena can be periodically reflected within architectures, so as to make the heavenly dimension easily accessible and a possible object of manipulation. Water-skyscapes appear as specular worlds, where water spaces are assumed to be doorways to the inner reality of the unconscious. The fluid properties of water have the visual effect of dissipating borders, of merging shapes, and, therefore, of dissolving identities; in the inner landscape, this process may represent symbolic death experiences and rituals of initiation, where the annihilation of the individual allows the creative process of a new life cycle. These contextually generalisable results aim to inspire new perspectives on sky-and-water related case studies and give value to the practice of reflexive phenomenology as crucial method of research.

Chất lượng nước ở Bắc Bình dựa trên các kết quả phân tích hóa học và vi sinh

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-497
Author(s):  
Phan Thị Kim Văn ◽  
Bùi Trần Vượng
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Microbiological Analyses

The quality of water in Bac Binh according to chemical and microbiological analyses

Spatial and Temporal variation analysis of water quality of Hemavathi River, Karnataka, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 196
Author(s):  
Santhosh K. M ◽  
S. Prashanth
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Final Conclusion ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Pollution Load ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Pollution Loading ◽  
Origin Point

Urban development, agricultural runoff and industrialization have contributed pollution loading on the environment.  In this study Hemavathi river water from a stretch from its origin point to its sangama was studied for pollution load by determining parameters of water quality like pH, Alkalinity,  Ca, Mg, Nitrate, TDS, BOD, COD , and the results were compared with WHO and BIS standards to draw final conclusion on the quality of water.

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