Assessment of Heavy Metals in Samples of Soil, Water, Vegetables, and Vital Organs of Rat (Bandicota bengalensis) Collected from Adjoining Areas of Polluted Water Body

Background: The presence of pollutants in polluted water is not singularized hence pollutant species are constantly in competition for active sites during the adsorption process. A key advantage of competitive adsorption studies is that it informs on the adsorbent performance in real water treatment applications. Objective: This study aims to investigate the competitive adsorption of Pb(II), Cu(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) using elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) biochar and hybrid biochar from LDPE. Method: The produced biochar was characterised by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effect of adsorption parameters, equilibrium isotherm modelling and parametric studies were conducted based on data from the batch adsorption experiments. Results: For both adsorbents, the removal efficiency was >99% over the domain of the entire investigation for dosage and contact time suggesting that they are very efficient for removing multiple heavy metals from aqueous media. It was observed that removal efficiency was optimal at 2 g/l dosage and contact time of 20 minutes for both adsorbent types. The Elovich isotherm and the pseudo-second order kinetic models were best-fit for the competitive adsorption process. Conclusion: The study was able to successfully reveal that biomass biochar from elephant grass and hybrid biochar from LDPE can be used as effective adsorbent material for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous media. This study bears a positive implication for environmental protection and solid waste management.

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Improvement of Spatial Modeling of Cr, Pb, Cd, As and Ni in Soil Based on Portable X-ray Fluorescence (PXRF) and Geostatistics: A Case Study in East China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph16152694 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (15) ◽

pp. 2694 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Xia ◽

Hu ◽

Shao ◽

Xu ◽

Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Hot Spots ◽

Ordinary Kriging ◽

Eastern China ◽

Indicator Kriging ◽

Polluted Water ◽

X Ray ◽

Soil Heavy Metals ◽

Metals Pollution ◽

Heavy Metals Pollution

To verify the feasibility of portable X-ray ﬂuorescence (PXRF) for rapidly analyzing, assessing and improving soil heavy metals mapping, 351 samples were collected from Fuyang District, Hangzhou City, in eastern China. Ordinary kriging (OK) and co-ordinary kriging (COK) combined with PXRF measurements were used to explore spatial patterns of heavy metals content in the soil. The Getis-Ord index was calculated to discern hot spots of heavy metals. Finally, multi-variable indicator kriging was conducted to obtain a map of multi-heavy metals pollution. The results indicated Cd is the primary pollution element in Fuyang, followed by As and Pb. Application of PXRF measurements as covariates in COK improved model accuracy, especially for Pb and Cd. Heavy metals pollution hot spots were mainly detected in northern Fuyang and plains along the Fuchun River in southern Fuyang because of mining, industrial and traffic activities, and irrigation with polluted water. Area with high risk of multi-heavy metals pollution mainly distributed in plain along the Fuchun River and the eastern Fuyang. These findings certified the feasibility of using PXRF as an efficient and reliable method for soil heavy metals pollution assessment and mapping, which could contribute to reduce the cost of surveys and pollution remediation.

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A New Ex Vivo Model to Evaluate the Hair Protective Effect of a Biomimetic Exopolysaccharide against Water Pollution

Cosmetics ◽

10.3390/cosmetics7040078 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Claire Tubia ◽

Alfonso Fernández-Botello ◽

Jan Dupont ◽

Eni Gómez ◽

Jérôme Desroches ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Ex Vivo Model ◽

Fiber Damage ◽

The Impact

As an external appendage, hair is exposed to multiple stresses of different origins such as particles and gases in air, or heavy metals and chemicals in water. So far, little research has addressed the impact of water pollution on hair. The present study describes a new ex vivo model that allowed us to document the adverse effects of water pollutants on the structure of hair proteins, as well as the protective potential of active cosmetic ingredients derived from a biomimetic exopolysaccharide (EPS). The impact of water pollution was evaluated on hair from a Caucasian donor repeatedly immersed in heavy metal-containing water. Heavy metal retention in and on hair was then quantified using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry (ICP/MS). The adverse effects of heavy metals on the internal structure of hair and its prevention by the EPS were assessed through measurement of keratin birefringence. Notably, the method allows the monitoring of the organization of keratin fibers and therefore the initial change on it in order to modulate the global damage in the hair. Results revealed an increasing amount of lead, cadmium and copper, following multiple exposures to polluted water. In parallel, the structure of keratin was also altered with exposures. However, heavy metal-induced keratin fiber damage could be prevented in the presence of the tested EPS, avoiding more drastic hair problems, such as lack of shine, or decrease in strength, due to damage accumulation.

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Induction of Micronuclei, Base-pair Substitution Mutation and Excision-repair Deficient by Polluted Water from Asa River in Nigeria

Annals of Science and Technology ◽

10.2478/ast-2019-0012 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 68-77

Author(s):

Anifowoshe T Abass ◽

Oladipo S Olayinka ◽

Adebayo O Mutolib ◽

Eboh O Solomon ◽

Abdussalam A Rasheedat ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Base Pair ◽

Water Samples ◽

Ames Test ◽

Excision Repair ◽

Clarias Gariepinus ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Base Pair Substitution ◽

Peripheral Erythrocyte ◽

Substitution Mutation

AbstractAsa river is a major river designated to supply millions of people of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria potable water for drinking but its managements is of grave concern due to anthropogenic activities. Thus, evaluation of genotoxicity of this river was carried out by subjecting the water samples and fish therein to three bioassays (Micronucleus (MN) assay, Ames test and SOS-chromo test). Physicochemical parameters and heavy metals were analysed at three different stations (Aliara (SI), Unity (SII) and Tuyil (SIII)) of the river. In SII, most of the heavy metals analysed were above the acceptable limits compare to SI and SIII. The peripheral erythrocyte of the fishes (Oreochromis niloticus, Synodontis batensoda, Synodontis eupterus, Clarias gariepinus and Clarias angullaris) at SI and SII stations showed a significant (p<0.05) induction of MN and different nuclear abnormalities (NA). Water samples from the three stations subjected to Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium TA100) and SOS chromotests (Escherichia coli PQ37) at 25%, 50% and 100% concentrations showed statistically significant (p<0.05) induction of DNA damage at all concentrations in the two tester strains, thus indicating base-pair substitution mutation and excision-repairdeficient, respectively, by the water samples. Therefore, drinking of this water and/or consumption of fish from this river should be taken with caution to avoid a carcinogenic risk.

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Prospects for Immobilization of Microbial Sorbents on Carbon Nanotubes for Biosorption: Bioremediation of Heavy Metals Polluted Water

Application of Nanotechnology in Water Research ◽

10.1002/9781118939314.ch3 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 37-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. Fosso-Kankeu ◽

A.F. Mulaba-Bafubiandi ◽

A.K. Mishra

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Polluted Water

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Oxygen Regime Control in Water Body Amelioration

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199705029 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 05029

Author(s):

Valery Borovkov ◽

Ivan Karaichev

Keyword(s):

Water Body ◽

Water Mass ◽

Practical Importance ◽

Water Bodies ◽

World Health ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Air Bubbles ◽

Oxygen Regime ◽

Discharge Velocity ◽

Dimensionless Groups

An important aspect of water body amelioration is the control of the oxygen regime in water mass. Pollution of water bodies deteriorates their oxygen regime, and the natural inflow of oxygen through the free surface is not enough to compensate for oxygen consumption for pollutant oxidation. Water pollution by various substances causes damage resulting from a decrease in the ecological safety of urban water bodies. Data of World Health Organization (WHO) show that the contact of the population with polluted water bodies causes spreading of deceases, such as cholera, diarrhea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid, and poliomyelitis, and creates considerable health risks. In this context, the artificial aeration of water mass with the use of aeration systems, which improve water quality, is gaining in importance. Most widespread among such aeration systems are diffused-air aerators, in which air supplied by a compressor passes through perforated diffuser plates. The size of the perforation is often chosen with no appropriate hydraulic substantiation. The size of the resulting air bubbles, no doubt, depends on the size of perforation holes; however, the available design relationships give contradictory results depending on the immersion depth of the diffuser plate and the working pressure, which determines air discharge velocity from diffuser plate perforations. This shows that the studies along this line are of scientific and practical importance. This article presents the analysis of the existing relationships for determining the size of air bubbles that form when air is pumped into water through nozzles of different diameters at different pumping rates; the analysis has shown the results of such calculations to differ considerably. Buckingham π-theorem was used to construct dimensionless groups, determining the relationship between the size of bubbles and the factors that govern the outflow of air into water. Dimensionless groups were used to obtain a formula for calculating the size of air bubbles at the aeration of water mass.

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Recognition of Water Colour Anomaly by Using Hue Angle and Sentinel 2 Image

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12040716 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 716 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yelong Zhao ◽

Qian Shen ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Fan Yang ◽

Shenglei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Water Body ◽

Large Scale ◽

Measured Data ◽

Water Bodies ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Water Colour ◽

Hue Angle ◽

Anomalous Water ◽

Sentinel 2

As polluted water bodies are often small in area and widely distributed, performing artificial field screening is difficult; however, remote-sensing-based screening has the advantages of being rapid, large-scale, and dynamic. Polluted water bodies often show anomalous water colours, such as black, grey, and red. Therefore, the large-scale recognition of suspected polluted water bodies through high-resolution remote-sensing images and water colour can improve the screening efficiency and narrow the screening scope. However, few studies have been conducted on such kinds of water bodies. The hue angle of a water body is a parameter used to describe colour in the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) colour space. Based on the measured data, the water body with a hue angle greater than 230.958° is defined as a water colour anomaly, which is recognised based on the Sentinel-2 image through the threshold set in this study. The results showed that the hue angle of the water body was extracted from the Sentinel-2 image, and the accuracy of the hue angle calculated by the in situ remote-sensing reflectance Rrs (λ) was evaluated, where the root mean square error (RMSE) and mean relative error (MRE) were 4.397° and 1.744%, respectively, proving that this method is feasible. The hue angle was calculated for a water colour anomaly and a general water body in Qiqihar. The water body was regarded as a water colour anomaly when the hue angle was >230.958° and as a general water body when the hue angle was ≤230.958°. High-quality Sentinel-2 images of Qiqihar taken from May 2016 to August 2019 were chosen, and the position of the water body remained unchanged; there was no error or omission, and the hue angle of the water colour anomaly changed obviously, indicating that this method had good stability. Additionally, the method proposed is only suitable for optical deep water, not for optical shallow water. When this method was applied to Xiong’an New Area, the results showed good recognition accuracy, demonstrating good universality of this method. In this study, taking Qiqihar as an example, a surface survey experiment was conducted from October 14 to 15, 2018, and the measured data of six general and four anomalous water sample points were obtained, including water quality terms such as Rrs (λ), transparency, water colour, water temperature, and turbidity.

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Performance of composite mineral adsorbents for removing Cu, Cd, and Pb ions from polluted water

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-49857-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Woo-Ri Lim ◽

Sung Wook Kim ◽

Chang-Han Lee ◽

Eun-Kyeong Choi ◽

Myoung Hak Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Adsorption Isotherm ◽

Portland Cement ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Adsorption Kinetic ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Isotherm Models ◽

Kinetic Experiment ◽

Pb Ions ◽

Mineral Adsorbents

Abstract This study evaluated the efficiency of the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water via adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiments on two composite mineral adsorbents, CMA1 and CMA2. The developed CMA1 (zeolite with clinoptilolite of over 20 weight percent and feldspar of ~10 percent, with Portland cement) and CMA2 (zeolite with feldspar of over 15 weight percent and ~9 percent clinoptilolite, with Portland cement) were applied to remove Cu, Cd, and Pb ions. Based on the adsorption isotherm and kinetic experiments, the adsorbents CMA1 and CMA2 exhibited high removal efficiency for Cu, Cd, and Pb ions in solution compared to other adsorbents. In the adsorption kinetic experiment, CMA2 demonstrated better adsorption than CMA1 with the same initial concentration and reaction time, and Cu, Cd, and Pb ions almost reached equilibrium within 180 min for both CMA1 and CMA2. The results of the adsorption kinetic experiments with pseudo-first-order (PFO) and pseudo-second-order (PSO) models indicated that the PSO model was more suitable than the PFO model. Comparing the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models, the former showed a very slightly higher correlation coefficient (r2) than the latter, indicating that the two models can both be applied to heavy metal solutions on a spherical monolayer surface with a weak heterogeneity of the surface. Additionally, the adsorbents CMA1 and CMA2 demonstrated different removal abilities depending on which heavy metals were used.

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