scholarly journals Divergent Effects of Antibiotics on Plants and Microbiota in Soils with Contrasting Humus Content

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle C. Bloor ◽  
A Kiryushina ◽  
K Kydralieva ◽  
L Bondarenko ◽  
L Pozdnyakov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
White Mustard ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractDespite the large number of scientific studies on the effects of antibiotics on soil microorganisms, little is known about the role played by soil organic matter (humus) in the interaction of antibiotics with microorganisms and plants, including the impacts on respiration and growth rate and the implications for nitrogen metabolism, which is an important factor in soil fertility The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of two widely used antibiotics, tetracycline and streptomycin, on microbiotic activity and plant growth in two soils with dissimilar organic carbon content, at the extremes of the fertility spectrum based on humus content. The study used humus-rich (Corg 5.4%) and humus-poor soils (Corg 1.5%) and measured basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, nitric oxide emission, germination, and growth of white mustard 3 and 60 days after three progressively increasing doses of antibiotics were applied. Tetracycline was found to impair the ecological function of humus-rich soil by reducing denitrification and compromising soil microbial activity, while the effect of streptomycin on humus-poor soil was to reduce nitrification and soil fertility due to nitrogen escape. Both streptomycin and tetracycline increased the microbial biomass and suppressed the growth of white mustard seeds, which indicates an increase in the allelopathic activity of microorganisms in the soil conditions under the influence of antibiotics and their metabolites. Due to the low sorption of streptomycin in humus-poor soils, it poses a great danger to agricultural production, especially in areas of low fertility. In humus-rich soils, high concentrations of tetracycline caused numerous problems, including death of the crop plants. Thus, the effect of antibiotics as well as the more traditional soil pollutants, such as heavy metals, to a large extent, depends on the humus content of soils.

scholarly journals Influence of NaCl-Induced Salinity and Cd Toxicity on Respiration Activity and Cd Availability to Barley Plants in Farmyard Manure-Amended Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel R. A. Usman
Keyword(s):  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Barley Plant ◽  
Respiration Activity ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil ◽  
Incubation Experiments ◽  
Soil Basal Respiration ◽  
Cd Availability

The objective of this study was to evaluate the Cd availability and toxicity as affected by NaCl-induced salinity and farmyard manure addition. The Cd availability and toxicity were investigated in greenhouse pot and incubation experiments were conducted on a calcareous loamy sand soil contaminated with Cd (0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, and 24 mg kg−1of soil) and amended with two rates of 0.0 and 30 g farmyard manure (FYM) kg−1. Barley seeds (Hordeum vulgareL.) were sown in pots and irrigated with water containing different levels of salinity (0, 30, 60, and 120 mM NaCl). The results revealed that the DTPA-extractable Cd and its content in barley plant shoots tended to increase in line as Cd was applied and salt levels increased. Elevated decreases in the soil basal respiration with increased Cd applied and NaCl-induced salinity were found. However, applying FYM significantly reduced Cd availability and increased plant growth and soil respiration activity. The results clearly showed that adding farmyard manure as soil organic amendment decreased the availability of Cd to barley plants and mitigated the toxicity of both Cd and salinity to soil microbial activity.

scholarly journals Manure Happens: The Environmental Toll of Livestock Antibiotics

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Poppick
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
New Findings

New findings suggest antibiotics in cow manure can alter soil microbial activity, with implications for soil fertility and carbon emissions.

Soil conditions and yield of repeatedly grown apple orchard depending on long-term fertilizer application

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (98) ◽  
pp. 34-47
Author(s):  
P. H. Kopytko ◽  
◽  
R. V. Yakovenko
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Impact

The issue of scientifically sound fertilizer application in fruit plantations, which are long-term and re-grown in one place remains insufficiently studied. To solve this problem is possible only in long-term stationary studies, as the impact of different fertilizer systems on changes in soil properties and tree productivity for a long period of their use. The results of researches of long-term fertilizer influence on the main fertility indices of dark gray podzolic heavy loam soil and productivity of repeatedly grown apple trees of Idared varieties on seed and vegetative (M4) rootstocks and Calville snow on seedling rootstock are considered. During the 85-year period of growing the first and second generation of apple trees in the experimental garden, the organic fertilizer (40 t/ha of cattle manure), mineral fertilizer (N120P120K120) and their combination (20 t/ha of manure + N60P60K60) were applied in the old plantation every two years in autumn in plowing in rows at 18–20 cm, and in the new repetition: manure, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers as well, and nitrogen fertilizer in half doses annually in spring for cultivation or disk plowing to a depth of 12–15 cm. As a result of research it was found that organic fertilizer better than mineral fertilizers provided the formation of soil fertility (humus and mobile compounds and forms of nutrients, soil reaction) and yield capacity of experimental apple trees, which for all years of fruiting exceeded the total yield of Calville snow and Idared on seedling and vegetative rootstocks, respectively, by 34.8, 27.7 and 23.4 % compared with the yield of the control non-fertilized areas and 16.0, 15.8 and 13.2 % – on those fertilized with N120Р120К120. Similar parameters of soil fertility indicators are formed by the organo-mineral fertilizer system with systematic long-term application of half the norms of organic and mineral fertilizers of manure 20 t/ha together with N60P60K60. However, the mineral system (N120P120K120) significantly less increases the humus content and content of macronutrients available for plant nutrition and does not enrich the soil with trace elements, acidifies the reaction of the soil environment

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF PULSE CROPS (ALFALFA, SAINFOIN) IN SOIL FERTILITY ENHANCEMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Guram Aleksidze ◽  
Revaz Lolishvili
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Fertility Reduction

The issues of soil fertility reduction in Georgia are reviewed in the article. The paper deals with the causes of soil degradation and presents figures showing current situation about degraded land areas and its fertility level. The role of pulse crops in soil fertility enhancement is evaluated. Legumes help in improving the soil physical environment, increasing soil microbial activity, and restoring organic matter, and also has smothering effect on weed.

scholarly journals Response of soil microbiota to nine-year application of swine manure and urea

2015 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Morales ◽  
Mónica Machado Vargas ◽  
Michele Pottes de Oliveira ◽  
Bruna Lunarde Taffe ◽  
Jucinei Comin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage System

ABSTRACT: Manure fertilization is a common practice, but little is known about its impacts on soil microbial activity and organic matter. Aiming to evaluate soil microbial response to nine years of successive applications of swine manure, organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), pH, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and enzyme (ß-glucosidase, phosphatase, arylsulphatase, and FDA) activities were measured in the 0-10cm soil layer, in a no-tillage system. Treatments were: control soil without fertilization (C), and application of two doses (104 and 209kg of N ha-1year-1) of urea (U1 and U2), pig slurry (PS1 and PS2) and deep litter (DL1 and DL2). TOC, TN, soil pH, MBC, and BR increased in soil fertilized with DL, and were lower in U treatments. Soils with U and DL application had higher qCO2, related to different sources of stressors like nutrient imbalance. Phosphatase and ß-glucosidase activities were not affected by treatments, increased with time, and had a strong correlation with MBC. We conclude that long-term swine manure applications increase microbial activity and soil organic matter, mainly in DL form; while urea applications have negative impacts on these indicators.

scholarly journals Correlation of Soil Characteristics and Citrus Leaf Nutrients Contents in Current Scenario of Layyah District

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Niaz Ahmad ◽  
Sajjad Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Arif Ali ◽  
Asif Minhas ◽  
Waqar Waheed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Fertility Survey ◽  
Soil Fertilization ◽  
Citrus Production ◽  
Soil Fertility Status

Soil with low fertility is a big problem for achieving citrus productivity. In this regard, the management of macro and micronutrients is essential. Macro and micronutrient deficiency decreased the yield and the quality of citrus fruit. It is the need of the hour to classify the soil fertility status under changing climatic scenarios. The current soil fertility survey was conducted to examine the macro and micronutrient status in the citrus production area. In soil, three depths (0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm) were taken for sampling. For leaves, 4–6-months-old non-bearing twigs were sampled from 20 trees per orchard at breast height. Results showed that soil pH (7.1–8.4) was slightly alkaline, electrical conductivity (EC) was non-saline (<4 dSm−1), soil organic matter (SOM) was deficient (<0.86%), and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was slight calcareous (<8%), at 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm depths. The majority of soil samples were low in nitrogen (N) contents at all depths, i.e., (<0.043) 0–15 (85%), 15–30 (97%), and 30–45 (100%) cm depths. Phosphorus (P) was medium (7–15 mg kg−1) at 0–15 cm (60%) but low (<7 mg kg−1) at 15–30 (63%) and 30–45 cm (82%) depths. Potassium (K) was medium (80–180 mg kg−1) at 0–15 (69%), 15–30 (69%), and 30–45 cm (10%) depths. Boron (B) and manganese (Mn) were medium, and Cu was high in 0.15 cm, but all were low at 15–30 and 30–45 cm depths. Iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) were low at depths of 0–15, 15–30, and 30–45 cm. Most citrus leaves were deficient in N (94%), Fe (76%), Zn (67%), and B (67%). In conclusion, soil fertilization is not sufficient for optimum citrus yield because of alkaline pH and slight calcareous soil conditions in this region. Foliar application of nutrients is suggested instead of only soil fertilization, for better nutrient management in citrus orchards.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Agricultural Use of Products from Organic Waste Processing with Conventional Mineral Fertilizer: Potential Effects on Mineral Nitrogen Leaching and Soil Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Jakub Elbl ◽  
Jana Šimečková ◽  
Petr Škarpa ◽  
Antonín Kintl ◽  
Martin Brtnický ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Compost Application ◽  
Substrate Induced Respiration ◽  
Positive Effect

Currently, there is an increasing emphasis on the use of renewable sources. The Czech Republic is no exception. There has been an increase in the number of biogas plants and composting plants. The main purpose of these facilities is to process organic wastes of various origins in order to utilize the waste, both for energy production and as soil fertility enhancers. Last but not least, the biogas station produces digestate, which could be further utilized. The present work deals with the assessment of the effect of digestate (doses of 220; 150 and 80 kg N ha−1), mineral fertilizer (150 kg N ha−1), and compost application (150 kg N ha−1) on selected indicators of soil environment: (a) soil microbial activity (basal and substrate-induced respiration); (b) plant nutrient content (P, K, Ca, Mg); (c) leaching mineral N from the soil; and (d) production of plant biomass of model plant Lactuca sativa L. Furthermore, the work aims to assess the individual doses of digestate and to determine the optimal one. The above effects were studied within a pot experiment for 63 days in controlled conditions. There were significant differences in Nmin leaching, which was significantly the highest in the variant with the application of a mineral fertilizer and lowest in variants with the application of digestate (variant 150 and 80 kg N ha−1) and compost (150 kg N ha−1). In terms of soil microbial activity, a significant effect of digestate application (150 kg N ha−1) on basal respiration versus the mineral fertilizer application was found (difference > 20%). This dose of digestate also had the highest positive effect on substrate-induced respiration, proven against all other variants, except for the digestate application at 220 kg N ha−1. Particularly, as compared with the mere application of mineral fertilizer, the application of digestate dose at 150 kg N ha−1 had the best positive effect on plant biomass production (+20%). On the other hand, compost application most positively affected the increase in available contents of nutrients and thus long-term soil fertility. Therefore, the dose of 150 kg N ha−1 digestate may represent an interesting alternative to increase actual soil fertility and thus to partially replace conventional mineral nutrition.

scholarly journals Organic carbon content and its liable components in paddy soil under water-saving irrigation  

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma Yan ◽  
Xu Junzeng ◽  
Wei Qi ◽  
Yang Shihong ◽  
Liao Linxian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Water Extractable Organic Carbon ◽  
Aeration Conditions ◽  
Water Extractable

Variation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and its liable fractions under non-flooding irrigation (NFI) were investigated. In NFI paddies, the soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and water extractable organic carbon (SWEC) content in 0–40 cm soil increased by 1.73–21.74% and 1.44–30.63%, and SOC in NFI fields decreased by 0.90–18.14% than in flooding irrigation (FI) fields. As a result, the proportion of SMBC or SWEC to SOC increased remarkably. It is attributed to the different water and aeration conditions between FI and NFI irrigation. The non-flooding water-saving irrigation increased soil microbial activity and mineralization of SOC, which broke down more soil organic nutrients into soluble proportion and is beneficial for soil fertility, but might lead to more CO<sub>2</sub> emission and degradation in carbon sequestration than FI paddies.  

scholarly journals Investigation and Assessment of Soil Fertility in Agroforest Landscapes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A I Belyaev ◽  
A A Tubalov ◽  
A V Koshelev ◽  
A M Belyakov ◽  
S D Fomin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The article presents the research materials of agrochemical properties of soil land use in the agricultural production co-operative ”Kolos”, Oktyabrsky district of the Volgograd region. The studied agroforestry landscape is located on the left bank of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, in the watershed of the Myshkov River. The territory of the farm is typical for the light chestnut sub -- zone of soils in the South of the Volgograd region. The results of the research are data on agrochemical properties of soils, their analysis and relative assessment, as well as proposals for improving fertility. The analysis of soil samples was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the comprehensive monitoring of soil fertility of agricultural land. The soil sample was taken from an area of 40 hectares and is a mixed sample composed of 20 individual samples taken from the depth of the arable layer (0 -- 0.30 m). The total area of the surveyed arable land is 13.3 thousand hectares. Under laboratory conditions, chemical analyses were carried out and such parameters of soil fertility as humus content, content of macronutrients (NPK), content of water-bearing salts, soil granulometric composition, pH index were determined. Laboratory data are summarized in the table. The analysis of experimental data revealed the ranges of the studied parameters and identified four groups of relative soil fertility: fields with high, medium, low and very low fertility. The grouping of fields based on the account of soil fertility will allow using more differentiated and effective application of the system of measures aimed at increasing the yield and preserving soil fertility.

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