scholarly journals Two-dimensional Mapping of Bulk Residual Stress Using Cut Mouth Opening Displacement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Chighizola ◽  
M. R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Plate Boundaries ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Stress Mapping ◽  
Stress Profiles ◽  
Plate Center

Abstract Background Prior work described an approach for mapping the two-dimensional spatial distribution of biaxial residual stress in plate-like samples, the approach combining multiple slitting measurements with elastic stress analysis. Objective  This paper extends the prior work by applying a new variation of the slitting method that uses measurements of cut mouth opening displacement (CMOD) rather than back-face strain (BFS).  Methods First, CMOD slitting is validated using an experiment where: BFS and CMOD are measured simultaneously on the same sample during incremental slitting; two residual stress profiles are computed, one from the BFS data and a second from the CMOD data; and the two residual stress profiles are compared. Following validation, multiple adjacent CMOD slitting measurements are used to construct two-dimensional maps of residual stress in plates cut from quenched aluminum. Results The two residual stress versus depth profiles, each computed separately from BFS or CMOD data, are in agreement, with compression near the plate boundaries (-150 MPa) and tension near the plate center (100 MPa); differences between the two stress profiles have a maximum of 25 MPa and a RMS of 7.2 MPa. Repeated biaxial residual stress mapping measurements show the CMOD technique is repeatable, and complementary contour method measurements show the mappings are valid. Aspects of CMOD and BFS deformations during slitting are also described and show they are generally complementary but that CMOD slitting is favorable in narrow samples.

Two-Dimensional Residual Stress Mapping of Multilayer LTT Weld Joints Using the Contour Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 20170110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Vollert ◽  
Jens Gibmeier ◽  
Joana Rebelo-Kornmeier ◽  
Jonny Dixneit ◽  
Thilo Pirling
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Weld Joints ◽  
Stress Mapping

Lifetime prediction of laser-precracked fused silica subjected to subsequent cyclic laser pulses

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1182-1189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Dahmani ◽  
Ansgar W. Schmid ◽  
John C. Lambropoulos ◽  
Stephen J. Burns ◽  
Semyon Papernov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Crack Depth ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Fused Silica ◽  
Failure Strength ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Laser Fluences ◽  
Strength Variability

Measurements of fatigue failure strength of laser-cracked fused silica in air at room temperature for different numbers of laser shots and laser fluences are presented. The failure-strength variability is found to be due mainly to the spectrum of crack depths. Agreement with theory suggests the incorporation of a residual term into the failure–strength equation. Due to its sign, the residual stress is of mouth-opening displacement nature at the crack. Analysis of the residual stress data shows a linear proportionality with crack depth, whereas the failure–strength is inversely proportional to the square root of the crack depth.

Measurement of Residual Stress in Reactor Nozzle Mock-Ups Containing Dissimilar Metal Welds

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian T. DeWald ◽  
Michael R. Hill ◽  
Michael L. Benson ◽  
David L. Rudland
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Tensile Residual Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Weld Residual Stress ◽  
Accelerate Growth ◽  
Primary Water ◽  
Spatially Varying

Weld residual stresses can significantly impact the performance of structural components. Tensile residual stresses are of particular concern due to their ability to accelerate failure. For example, the presence of tensile residual stress can cause initiation and accelerate growth of primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC). The contour method is a residual stress measurement technique capable of generating two dimensional maps of residual stress, which is particularly useful when applied to welds since they typically contain spatially varying residual stress distributions. The two-dimensional capability of the contour method enables detailed visualization of complex weld residual stress fields. This data can be used to identify locations and magnitude of tensile residual stress hot-spots. This paper provides a summary of the contour method and presents detailed results of contour method measurements made on a mock-up from the NRC/EPRI weld residual stress (WRS) program [1].

Measurement of Welding Residual Stress in Reactor Components

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian T. DeWald ◽  
Michael R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Weld Residual Stress ◽  
Metal Weld

Welding residual stresses can significantly impact the performance of structural components. Tensile residual stresses are of particular concern due to their ability to cause significant degradation to the PWSCC resistance of structural materials. The contour method is a residual stress measurement technique capable of generating two dimensional maps of residual stress, which is particularly useful when applied to welds due to the complex residual stress distributions that generally result. The two-dimensional capability of the contour method enables detailed visualization of complex weld residual stress fields. This data can be used to identify locations and magnitude of tensile residual stress hot-spots. This paper provides a summary of the contour method and presents detailed results of contour method measurements made on the dissimilar metal weld region of pressurizer relief nozzles removed from the cancelled WNP-3 plant in the United States as part of the NRC/EPRI weld residual stress (WRS) program [1].

Measurement of Welding Residual Stress in Dissimilar Metal Welds Using the Contour Method

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian T. DeWald ◽  
Michael R. Hill ◽  
Eric Willis
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Welding Residual Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Weld Residual Stress

Welding residual stresses can significantly impact the performance of structural components. Tensile residual stresses are of particular concern due to their ability to cause significant degradation to the PWSCC resistance of structural materials. The contour method is a residual stress measurement technique capable of generating two dimensional maps of residual stress, which is particularly useful when applied to welds due to the complex residual stress distributions that generally result. The two-dimensional capability of the contour method enables detailed visualization of complex weld residual stress fields. This data can be used to identify locations and magnitude of tensile residual stress hot-spots. This paper provides a summary of the contour method and presents detailed results of contour method measurements made on the dissimilar metal weld region of pressurizer relief nozzles removed from the cancelled WNP-3 plant in the United States as part of the NRC/EPRI weld residual stress (WRS) program [1].

Residual Stress Mapping in Welds Using the Contour Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
S. Pratihar ◽  
Michael E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Lyndon Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Evaluation ◽  
Residual Stress Profile ◽  
Stress Mapping

The contour method, a newly-invented sectioning technique for residual stress measurement, has the potential to measure the cross-sectional residual stress profile of a weld in a simple and time-efficient manner. In this paper we demonstrate the capability of the contour method to measure cross-sectional residual stress profiles, which are compared with neutron diffraction measurements and show excellent agreement. The results provide useful information for safetycritical design of welded components and optimization of welding parameters, and also illustrate the potential of the contour technique as a powerful tool for residual stress evaluation.

Residual Stress Mapping for an Excavate and Weld Repair Mockup

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell D. Olson ◽  
Adrian T. DeWald ◽  
Michael R. Hill ◽  
Steven L. McCracken
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Biaxial Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Weld Repair ◽  
Weld Residual Stress ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
Asme Code ◽  
Stress Mapping ◽  
Residual Stress Modeling

This paper describes a sequence of residual stress measurements made to determine a two-dimensional map of biaxial residual stress (weld direction and transverse to the weld direction) in a mockup with a partial arc excavation and weld repair (EWR), as well as three additional maps of one component of residual stress. The mockup joins two dissimilar metal plates (SA-508 low alloy steel and Type 316L stainless steel) with a nickel alloy weld metal (Alloy 82/182). A partial groove is then excavated and filled in with SCC resistant Alloy 52M weld metal. The mockup was fabricated to investigate the effectiveness of the EWR mitigation methodology being investigated through the development of ASME Code Case N-847 to address stress corrosion cracking problems in reactor coolant system butt welds. The biaxial stress map is determined using a newly developed technique called primary slice removal (PSR) mapping, which uses both contour method and slitting measurements. In this case, the technique requires measuring the longitudinal stress along a plane and the long transverse stress remaining in a slice removed adjacent to that plane. This paper includes descriptions of the experiments and data analysis. The measured residual stresses follow expected trends and compare favorably to the results of computational weld residual stress modeling.

Residual Stress Mapping in Welds Using the Contour Method

2005 ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
S. Pratihar ◽  
Michael E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Lyndon Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Stress Mapping

Evaluation by Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Effect of Number of Weld Layers on the Residual Stress Profile in Stainless Steel Pipe Welds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra K. Zumpetta ◽  
Andrew W. Stockdale ◽  
Trevor G. Hicks ◽  
William R. Mabe ◽  
Jessica L. Coughlin
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Weld Bead ◽  
Steel Pipe ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Stainless Steel Pipe ◽  
Stress Profiles

Abstract Tensile residual stresses associated with stainless steel pipe welds can promote in-service cracking and influence the need for inspections. Previous research via finite element analysis (FEA) [1] and experimental characterization [2] has shown that welds in thick wall pipe can produce compressive residual stresses at the inner diameter (ID) surface. However, research that has evaluated the relationship between the number of weld layers, stemming from different weld bead sizes, and the resulting pipe residual stress profiles is limited. This investigation used two-dimensional (2D) FEA to evaluate the influence of the number of weld layers (resulting from different weld bead sizes) on the ID surface and through-wall residual stress profiles for varying stainless steel pipe radii, thicknesses, and weld joint geometries. The findings herein are compared to previous experimental results [2]. The results demonstrated that for the larger pipe sizes and the welding conditions investigated, increasing the number of weld layers (reducing individual weld bead sizes) reduced the ID surface tensile axial residual stresses. In the larger pipe sizes, the magnitude of the tensile residual stresses extending through (into) the pipe wall is also reduced with an increased number of weld layers. The FEA results show that the weld joint geometry may not affect the residual stress profiles as strongly as do the number of weld layers, based on the similarities in the tensile stress values for the joint geometries that were evaluated.

Biaxial Residual Stress Mapping in a PWR Dissimilar Metal Weld

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Hill ◽  
Mitchell D. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Axial Stress ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Contour Method ◽  
Pressurized Water Reactor ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Stress Mapping ◽  
Metal Weld ◽  
Alloy Weld

This paper describes a sequence of residual stress measurements made to determine a two-dimensional map of biaxial residual stress in a dissimilar metal welded nozzle typical of a nuclear pressurized water reactor (PWR). The present experimental work follows on the numerical analysis reported earlier, in PVP2012-78885. The measurement subject is a cylindrical nozzle, removed from a PWR pressure vessel, having a nickel alloy weld joining a stainless steel safe end to a low-alloy steel vessel. Biaxial residual stress was determined in a series of experimental steps using strain gage measurements, the contour method, and slitting. Confirmatory measurements were also performed (including digital image correlation and neutron diffraction). The paper includes descriptions of the experimental steps, data reduction, and residual stress results, along with a comparison between measurements and output from a weld simulation. The measured hoop stress in the weld region is tensile near the OD (300 MPa) and compressive near the ID (−400 MPa); the measured axial stress is tensile near the OD (150 MPa) and compressive near the ID (−150 MPa).

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