Genotoxicity assessment of raw and treated water samples using Allium cepa assay: evidence from Perak River, Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 5421-5436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirhossein Malakahmad ◽  
Teh Sabariah Binti Abd Manan ◽  
Subarna Sivapalan ◽  
Taimur Khan
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay

scholarly journals Evaluation of Asa River Water in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria for Available Pollutants and their Effects on Mitosis and Chromosomes Morphology in Allium cepa Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
A. Akinboro ◽  
N.A. Peter ◽  
M.A. Rufai ◽  
A.O. Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Genotoxic Effects ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Control Root ◽  
Volatile Organic Pollutants ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay ◽  
Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons

T: This study evaluated water samples from Asa River in Kwara state, Nigeria, for cytogenotoxicity at 25.0 %, 50.0 %, 100.0 % following the Allium cepa assay. Onions were grown in the water samples for microscopic and macroscopic screenings. Heavy metals and volatile organic pollutants in the water were elucidated using AAS and GCMS techniques. The Water samples except the sample ‘C’ induced higher mitotic index (MI) than the negative control. Root growth was significantly promoted at 25.0 %, and significantly reduced at 50.0 % and 100.0 % of the sample ‘C’ and 100.0 % of the sample ‘A’. Water sample ‘A’ (100.0%) induced highest percentage chromosomal aberrations (CA) while the water samples ‘B’ and ‘C’ induced higher percentage CA than the negative control. Cadmium was detected at a concentration higher than its permissible limit in drinking water. Poly aromatic hydrocarbons, Aromatic amines, Acridine dye, Phenolic and Polychlorinated compounds were detected in the water sample. The observed proliferative, inhibitory, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the water samples on A. cepa cells suggest that Asa river was polluted, having potential to adversely affect humans, animals and plants utilizing it along its course. Keywords: Allium cepa; Asa River; cytogenotoxicity; Nigeria; pollutants

Genotoxic effect of fruit extract of wild and cultivated cucurbits using Allium cepa assay

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Rupinderpal Kaur ◽  
Yumnam Devashree ◽  
Ravindra Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Gupta ◽  
Mohd. Saleem Wani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Genotoxic Effect ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay

Application of a molecular method for the detection of group A rotaviruses in raw and treated water

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.B. van Zyl ◽  
P.J. Williams ◽  
W.O.K. Grabow ◽  
M.B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Viral Gastroenteritis ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Treated Drinking Water ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

Group A human rotaviruses (HRVs) are the most important aetiological agents of acute viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children in both developing and industrialised countries. Rotaviruses are resistant to many chemical disinfectants and reportedly survive well in treated tapwater and sewage. In this study a group A specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by a nested-PCR was applied for the detection of HRVs in raw and treated drinking-water samples drawn at a water reclamation plant. For a period of two years (July 2000 to June 2002), borehole, raw and treated drinking-water samples were collected weekly. Viruses were recovered from the water samples using a glass wool adsorption-elution technique followed by secondary concentration using precipitation with polyethylene glycol. In the first year of the study group A HRVs were detected in 11% sewage samples, 8% partially treated waters and 5% final treated drinking waters. The results of the second year of the study showed the presence of group A HRVs in 11% sewage and untreated surface water samples, 15% partially treated water and 6.5% final treated drinking waters. No HRVs were detected in the water samples from the boreholes. The presence of group A HRVs in treated drinking-water samples suggested that this water could be a potential source of infection to consumers. The data also implied that either the water treatment did not remove HRVs or the treated water was contaminated post-treatment.

scholarly journals Cause of rapid monochloramine decay observed in treated water

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 752-758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Hancock ◽  
Martin Harris ◽  
David Cook
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
The Other ◽  
Biological Degradation ◽  
Filter Media ◽  
Rapid Decay ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
The Impact

Rapid monochloramine decay has been observed in the product water of three River Murray water treatment plants (WTPs). Previous investigations identified that rapid monochloramine decay was microbiological in nature and observed in samples taken after media filtration but was absent in filtered water samples from a fourth WTP of similar design. The filters at the WTP not exhibiting rapid decay are backwashed with filtered non-disinfected water whereas the other WTPs backwash with treated chloraminated water. It was therefore hypothesised that backwashing filters with chloraminated water was the cause of the rapid monochloramine decay. A pilot-scale study was conducted to investigate the impact of backwashing with chloraminated water on the occurrence of microbiologically accelerated monochloramine decay. Additional samples were analysed to assess the impact of chloraminated backwash water on N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formation and biological degradation of taste and odour compounds 2-methyl isoborneol (MIB) and geosmin in the filter media. Backwashing with chloraminated filtered water was concluded to be the cause of the observed rapid monochloramine decay, with rapid decay observed within 8 weeks for the filters backwashing with chloramines. Additionally, backwashing with chloraminated filtered water was observed to increase NDMA formation and impair the biological degradation performance of MIB and geosmin.

The Occurrence and Viability of Giardia spp. Cysts in UK Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Gilmour ◽  
H. V. Smith ◽  
P. G. Smith ◽  
G. P. Morris ◽  
R. W. A. Girdwood
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Recreational Waters ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Vital Dye ◽  
Sewage Effluents

Modifications of the existing methods for the isolation of Giardia spp. cysts from water enabled up to 33% of seeded cysts to be recovered. Using this method, 263 environmental samples were analysed for the presence of cysts, of which 34.4% were positive. All sewage effluents, 85% of recreational waters, 46% of raw potable water samples and 22% of treated water samples contained cysts (range 0.14 - 359/litre). A higher percentage of positive samples occurred in the summer and autumn in raw water, whereas the levels of cysts in treated waters showed little seasonal variation. A fluorogenic vital dye assay, which compares favourably with in vitro excystation, has been developed, and using this assay, viable cysts wire detected in 33% of the positive raw water samples and 42% of the positive treated water samples.

scholarly journals Radon Concentrations in Raw Water and Treated Water Used for Bottled Water in South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 5313
Author(s):  
Byong Wook Cho ◽  
Jae Hong Hwang ◽  
Byeong Dae Lee ◽  
Yong Hwa Oh ◽  
Chang Oh Choo
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Us Epa ◽  
Water Tanks ◽  
Radon Concentrations

Radon concentrations in the raw water and treated water used for 59 brands of bottled water produced in South Korea were analysed. The radon levels in 59 raw water samples ranged from 3.7 to 476.8 Bq/L, with a geometric mean of 49.0 Bq/L. The mean radon levels in raw water samples were high in Jurassic granite aquifers and low in volcanic rock aquifers. However, the maximum radon levels were observed in metamorphic rock aquifers. The concentrations in 55 treated water samples ranged from 0.1 to 239.4 Bq/L, with a geometric mean of 7.7 Bq/L. In treated water, radon levels decreased by 16.0–98.9% (average, 74.9%) due mainly to storage in water tanks and treatment with granular activated carbon (GAC) filters. The radon levels in raw water and treated water samples exceeded the US EPA alternative maximum contaminant level (AMCL) of 148 Bq/L by 16.9% and 1.8%, respectively. Considering the radon reduction rate, it is anticipated that the radon concentrations in bottled water in stores will not exceed 148 Bq/L because it takes about 1–2 weeks for treated water to reach the customer as bottled water.

Comparison of spectral fluorescent signatures-based models to characterize DOM in treated water samples

2003 ◽  
Vol 100 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Bengraı̈ne ◽  
Taha F Marhaba
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Treated Water

Assessment of the Genotoxicity of Two Agricultural Residues After Processing by Diplopods Using the Allium cepa Assay

2013 ◽  
Vol 224 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintya A. Christofoletti ◽  
Janaína Pedro-Escher ◽  
Carmem S. Fontanetti
Keyword(s):  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Allium Cepa Assay
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