Distribution of genetic elements associated with antibiotic resistance in treated and untreated animal husbandry waste and wastewater

Biocides are frequently applied as disinfectants in animal husbandry to prevent the transmission of drug-resistant bacteria and to control zoonotic diseases. Concerns have been raised, that their use may contribute to the selection and persistence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. Especially, extended-spectrum β-lactamase- and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli have become a global health threat. In our study, 29 ESBL-/AmpC-producing and 64 NON-ESBL-/AmpC-producing E.coli isolates from three German broiler fattening farms collected in 2016 following regular cleaning and disinfection were phylogenetically characterized by whole genome sequencing, analyzed for phylogenetic distribution of virulence-associated genes, and screened for determinants of and associations between biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance. Of the 30 known and two unknown sequence types detected, ST117 and ST297 were the most common genotypes. These STs are recognized worldwide as pandemic lineages causing disease in humans and poultry. Virulence determinants associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E.coli showed variable phylogenetic distribution patterns. Isolates with reduced biocide susceptibility were rarely found on the tested farms. Nine isolates displayed elevated MICs and/or MBCs of formaldehyde, chlorocresol, peroxyacetic acid, or benzalkonium chloride. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole was most prevalent. The majority of ESBL-/AmpC-producing isolates carried blaCTX-M (55%) or blaCMY-2 (24%) genes. Phenotypic biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance were not interlinked. However, biocide and metal resistance determinants were found on mobile genetic elements together with antibiotic resistance genes raising concerns that biocides used in the food industry may lead to selection pressure for strains carrying acquired resistance determinants to different antimicrobials.

Download Full-text

Black Queen Evolution and Trophic Interactions Determine Plasmid Survival after the Disruption of the Conjugation Network

mSystems ◽

10.1128/msystems.00104-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Johannes Cairns ◽

Katariina Koskinen ◽

Reetta Penttinen ◽

Tommi Patinen ◽

Anna Hartikainen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Resistance Mechanism ◽

Real Life ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Mobile Genetic Elements ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Genetic Elements

ABSTRACTMobile genetic elements such as conjugative plasmids are responsible for antibiotic resistance phenotypes in many bacterial pathogens. The ability to conjugate, the presence of antibiotics, and ecological interactions all have a notable role in the persistence of plasmids in bacterial populations. Here, we set out to investigate the contribution of these factors when the conjugation network was disturbed by a plasmid-dependent bacteriophage. Phage alone effectively caused the population to lose plasmids, thus rendering them susceptible to antibiotics. Leakiness of the antibiotic resistance mechanism allowing Black Queen evolution (i.e. a “race to the bottom”) was a more significant factor than the antibiotic concentration (lethal vs sublethal) in determining plasmid prevalence. Interestingly, plasmid loss was also prevented by protozoan predation. These results show that outcomes of attempts to resensitize bacterial communities by disrupting the conjugation network are highly dependent on ecological factors and resistance mechanisms.IMPORTANCEBacterial antibiotic resistance is often a part of mobile genetic elements that move from one bacterium to another. By interfering with the horizontal movement and the maintenance of these elements, it is possible to remove the resistance from the population. Here, we show that a so-called plasmid-dependent bacteriophage causes the initially resistant bacterial population to become susceptible to antibiotics. However, this effect is efficiently countered when the system also contains a predator that feeds on bacteria. Moreover, when the environment contains antibiotics, the survival of resistance is dependent on the resistance mechanism. When bacteria can help their contemporaries to degrade antibiotics, resistance is maintained by only a fraction of the community. On the other hand, when bacteria cannot help others, then all bacteria remain resistant. The concentration of the antibiotic played a less notable role than the antibiotic used. This report shows that the survival of antibiotic resistance in bacterial communities represents a complex process where many factors present in real-life systems define whether or not resistance is actually lost.

Download Full-text

Mercury resistance (mer) operons in enterobacteria

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst0300719 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 719-722 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. L. Hobman ◽

A. M. M. Essa ◽

N. L. Brown

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Mercury Resistance ◽

Genetic Elements ◽

Mercuric Ion

Mercury resistance is found in many genera of bacteria. Common amongst enterobacteria are transposons related to Tn21, which is both mercuric ion- and streptomycin-/spectinomycin-and sulphonamide-resistant. Other Tn21-related transposons often have different antibiotic resistances compared with Tn21, but share many non-antibiotic-resistance genes with it. In this article we discuss possible mechanisms for the evolution of Tn21 and related genetic elements.

Download Full-text

Presence of Campylobacter coli in slaughtered pigs and its resistance to antibiotics

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah0701403i ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 23 (5-6-1) ◽

pp. 403-410

Author(s):

S. Ivanovic ◽

S. Lilic

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Working Group ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Meat Products ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Campylobacter Coli ◽

European Working ◽

And Diffusion ◽

Slaughtered Pigs

Campylobacter coli is zoonotic bacterium. As saprophyte it persists in pigs and they are its common reservoir. It transmits to human by meat and meat products. Campylobacter coli is sensitive to antibiotics but in one moment could become resistant. According to literature data, the aim of our investigations was to affirm the sensitivity of Campylobacter coli, isolated from the samples collected from clinically healthy pigs, on slaughter line, to following antibiotics: Erythromycin, Ampycillin and Tetracycline. From all of identified isolates it was selected 18 strains and they are examined to antibiotic sensitivity by both of dilution and diffusion methods. Obtained results were interpreted according to proposition of European Working Group for investigation of antibiotic resistance of bacteria (1996). Using both methods it was found out: all strains were sensitive to erythromycin; all strains were resistant to tetracycline, 16 strains were resistant to ampycillin, two strains were intermediate to ampycillin (strain 4 and 13). Usage of antibiotics in prophylactic purposes is common practice in intensive animal husbandry. This usage change microbial flora in treated animals and its inadequate application often cause bacterial resistance to them.

Download Full-text

Mobile genetic elements-mediated Enterobacterales-associated carbapenemase antibiotic resistance genes propagation between the environment and humans: A One Health South African study

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150641 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 150641

Author(s):

Yogandree Ramsamy ◽

Koleka P. Mlisana ◽

Daniel G. Amoako ◽

Akebe Luther King Abia ◽

Arshad Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

South African ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

One Health ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Mobile Genetic Elements ◽

African Study ◽

Genetic Elements ◽

South African Study

Download Full-text

Antibiotic resistance in lactococci and enterococci: phenotypic and molecular-genetic aspects

The EuroBiotech Journal ◽

10.24190/issn2564-615x/2017/01.03 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 10-17

Author(s):

Danuta Plotnikava ◽

Anastasiya Sidarenka ◽

Galina Novik

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Monitoring And Control ◽

Bacterial Drug Resistance

Abstract Extensive use of antibiotics in medicine, veterinary practice and animal husbandry has promoted the development and dissemination of bacterial drug resistance. The number of resistant pathogens causing common infectious diseases increases rapidly and creates worldwide public health problem. Commensal bacteria, including lactic acid bacteria of genera Enterococcus and Lactococcus colonizing gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts of humans and animals may act as vehicles of antibiotic resistance genes similar to those found in pathogens. Lactococci and enterococci are widely used in manufacturing of fermented products and as probiotics, therefore monitoring and control of transmissible antibiotic resistance determinants in industrial strains of these microorganisms is necessary to approve their Qualified Presumption of Safety status. Understanding the nature and molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in enterococci and lactococci is essential, as intrinsic resistant bacteria pose no threat to environment and human health in contrast to bacteria with resistance acquired through horizontal transfer of resistance genes. The review summarizes current knowledge concerning intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance in Lactococcus and Enterococcus genera, and discusses role of enterococci and lactococci in distribution of this feature.

Download Full-text

Antibiotic Resistance in the Veterinary Perspective

Global Applications of One Health Practice and Care - Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-6304-4.ch006 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 142-157

Author(s):

Sophia Inbaraj ◽

Vamshi Krishna Sriram ◽

Prasad Thomas ◽

Abhishek Verma ◽

Pallab Chaudhuri

Keyword(s):

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Food Chain ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Drug Resistant ◽

Antimicrobial Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Drug ◽

Antibiotics Use ◽

Genetic Mechanisms

Antibiotic resistance is an emerging threat to achieving one health all over the globe. The phenomenon leads to the emergence of drug-resistant microbes previously susceptible to an antibiotic. Drug-resistant microbes are the major reasons for medical complications like patient mortality and treatment failure. Unregulated use of antibiotics in animal husbandry is one of the major reasons for the emergence of antibiotic resistance. The resistance enters the human population mainly through the food chain. The genetic markers associated with drug resistance spread among different bacterial species by horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. Therefore, regulation of antibiotics use in animal husbandry and proper safety measures at farm level are necessary to check drug-resistant microbes entering the food chain. This chapter discusses the antibiotics, antibiotic resistance, genetic mechanisms involved, the spread of resistance, and also the available strategies to combat antimicrobial drug resistance.

Download Full-text