Presence of Campylobacter coli in slaughtered pigs and its resistance to antibiotics

Campylobacter coli is zoonotic bacterium. As saprophyte it persists in pigs and they are its common reservoir. It transmits to human by meat and meat products. Campylobacter coli is sensitive to antibiotics but in one moment could become resistant. According to literature data, the aim of our investigations was to affirm the sensitivity of Campylobacter coli, isolated from the samples collected from clinically healthy pigs, on slaughter line, to following antibiotics: Erythromycin, Ampycillin and Tetracycline. From all of identified isolates it was selected 18 strains and they are examined to antibiotic sensitivity by both of dilution and diffusion methods. Obtained results were interpreted according to proposition of European Working Group for investigation of antibiotic resistance of bacteria (1996). Using both methods it was found out: all strains were sensitive to erythromycin; all strains were resistant to tetracycline, 16 strains were resistant to ampycillin, two strains were intermediate to ampycillin (strain 4 and 13). Usage of antibiotics in prophylactic purposes is common practice in intensive animal husbandry. This usage change microbial flora in treated animals and its inadequate application often cause bacterial resistance to them.

Download Full-text

ANALYSIS OF MICROFLORA IN MODERN OUTPATIENT CLINIC

Archiv Euromedica ◽

10.35630/2199-885x/2020/10/26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 92-93

Author(s):

Mikhail Pahomov ◽

Artyom Morozov ◽

Alexey Sergeev ◽

Evgeny Mokhov, ◽

Nikolay Sergeev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Resistance To Antibiotics ◽

The Right

Antibiotic resistance is a global problem of modern medicine. In the research a microflora of out-patient department visitors in 2018–2019 was examined. It was revealed that the most often microbes were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli. The dynamics of bacterial resistance to antibiotics was also analyzed. The multiple bacterial resistance to antibiotics were detected. The data show a rapid resistance genes spread among non-hospital strains, which necessitates constant monitoring of antibiotic sensitivity in order to develop the right tactics to combat antibiotic resistance.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Dental Bacteremia Detected by Multiplex PCR Technique

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/9502959 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Fahimeh Rezazadeh ◽

Azita Azad ◽

Ali Khorami ◽

Farzan Modaresi ◽

Zahra Rezaie

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Tooth Extraction ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Streptococcus Salivarius ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns

The aim of this study was to detect oral bacteremia and offer the antibiotic resistance patterns. Bacterial resistance pattern was evaluated in 50 patients. A spectrophotometer device equipped with UV and electrophoresis of the extracted samples on agarose gel for antibiogram test were used. PCR test 15 minutes after tooth extraction showed that bacterial strains were extracted from 16 patients. Lactobacillus, Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis), Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) were extracted from 5, 4, 4, 4, and 6 patients. 100% of Lactobacillus, E. faecalis, S. sanguinis, S. salivarius, and S. mutans were sensitive to tigecycline. Most of the Lactobacillus antibiotic resistance was against tetracycline and ciprofloxacin. Antibiotic resistance in S. salivarius was observed in 75% of the cases against piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime, while in S. mutans was 84% of the cases against ceftriaxone. The results of the current study showed that tooth extraction causes bacteremia before, during, and after tooth extraction. Generally, the highest antibiotic resistance occurred against tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin-sulbactam. In most cases, the bacteria showed partial resistance to these antibiotics; however, tigecycline showed 100% efficacy on all types of bacteria. Streptococcus strains (salivarius, mutans, and sanguinis) were sensitive to most of the antibiotics while antibiotic sensitivity was less evident in Lactobacillus and E. faecalis. Antibiotic resistance has become a critical issue, since it leads to treatment failure when there is a need for antibiotic therapy.

Download Full-text

Application of antibiotics in agriculture and alternatives of their use

The Agrarian Scientific Journal ◽

10.28983/asj.y2021i5pp65-70 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 65-70

Author(s):

Maria Sergeevna Miroshnikova ◽

Elena Petrovna Miroshnikova ◽

Azamat Ersainovich Arinzhanov ◽

Yuliya Vladimirovna Kilyakova

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Environmental Samples ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Antimicrobial Drugs ◽

The World ◽

Food And Feed ◽

Made In

The use of antibiotics in medicine, plant growing and animal husbandry has led to the spread of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Tetracyclines are a chemical group of great importance due to the widespread use of these preparations in agriculture. Due to the fact that significant quantities of tetracycline antimicrobial drugs are used all over the world, their monitoring plays an important role. Therefore, progress needs to be made in antibiotic analysis to assess the correct use and dosage of tetracyclines in food and feed, as well as possible residues in relevant environmental samples. The review presents an analysis of the data of modern studies aimed at studying the problem of antibiotic resistance caused by antimicrobial preparations of the tetracyclines group in world agricultural practice. Data on existing and potential alternatives to antibiotics in animal husbandry are presented.

Download Full-text

Incidence of Tetracycline and Erythromycin Resistance in Meat-Associated Bacteria: Impact of Different Livestock Management Strategies

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9102111 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 2111

Author(s):

Cecilia Fontana ◽

Vania Patrone ◽

Constanza Maria Lopez ◽

Lorenzo Morelli ◽

Annalisa Rebecchi

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Growth Promoters ◽

Erythromycin Resistance ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽

Associated Bacteria

The extensive use of antibiotics as growth promoters, or their continued abusive misuse to cure or prevent the onset of bacterial infections as occurs in the intensive farming, may have played a pivotal role in the spread of reservoirs of antibiotic resistance (AR) among food-associated bacteria including pathogens representing risks to human health. The present study compares the incidence of tetracycline and erythromycin resistances in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) from fermented products manufacturing using meat from intensive animal husbandry (industrialized manufacturing Italian salami) and from extensive farms (artisanal sausages facilities pork and llama Argentinean sausages). A higher incidence of tetracycline resistance (TET-R) compared to erythromycin resistance (ERY-R) was observed among the 205 isolates. Unlike CNS strains, the LAB showed a significant correlation between the TET-R and the ERY-R phenotypes. Genotypic assessment shows a high correlation with tetK and tetM for the TET-R strains and with ermB and ermC for the ERY-R strains. Multiple correspondence analyses have highlighted the association between AR phenotypes and CNS species isolated from Italian salami, while the susceptible phenotypes were associated with the LAB species from Argentinean sausages. Since antibiotic resistance in meat-associated bacteria is a very complex phenomenon, the assessment of bacterial resistance in different environmental contexts with diverse farming practices and food production technologies will help in monitoring the factors influencing AR emergence and spread in animal production.

Download Full-text

Legionellose, ein Tourismusproblem?

Praxis ◽

10.1024/0369-8394.91.31.1241 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 91 (31) ◽

pp. 1241-1245

Author(s):

Kistler ◽

Fleisch ◽

Reinhart ◽

Wieland

Keyword(s):

Working Group ◽

European Working Group ◽

European Working

La légionellose, un problème de tourisme? La légionellose est une maladie assez rare, mais elle suit souvent un cours prolongé et compliqué, même chez des patients immunocompétents. Le diagnostic est important pour des raisons thérapeutiques et épidémiologiques. De 1998 à 2001 on a observé à l'hôpital cantonal de Coire six cas de légionellose, dont quatre étaient associés aux voyages et un autre concernait un employé d'un hôtel local. Par suite de l'augmentation de la mobilité internationale les recherches épidémiologiques sur la localisation de la source infectieuse et les procédés hygiéniques deviennent plus difficiles. Une organisation européenne, le «European Working Group for Legionella Infections» (EWGLI/www.ewgli.org) a étudié ce problème. La question de la forme sous laquelle le public doit être informé des sources de légionelles fait l'object d'une discussion.

Download Full-text

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПИЩЕВОГО БЕЛКОВО-ЖИРОВОГО БАЛАНСА И СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖИВОТНОВОДСТВА

Molochnoe i miasnoe skotovodstvo ◽

10.33943/mms.2019.5.37522 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

V.I. CHINAROV

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Social Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Necessary Conditions ◽

Meat Products ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Russian Population ◽

Living Standards ◽

Animal Fats ◽

Labor Resources

В 2018 году дефицит белка и жиров животного происхождения в питании населения России составил 11,8 и 5,5, соответственно. Продолжает оставаться высокой импортозависимость по белку животного происхождения на уровне 10,3, по животным жирам 8,8. Интенсификация развития животноводства соответствует стратегической цели социального развития и повышения жизненного уровня населения нашей страны на ближайшую и отдаленную перспективы. В соответствии с Доктриной продовольственной безопасности взят курс на наиболее полное обеспечение и улучшение структуры питания людей за счет роста потребления ценной в питательном отношении молочномясной продукции собственного производства. Россия располагает всеми необходимыми условиями и имеет реальные предпосылки полностью решить проблему обеспечения населения животными жирами и пищевым белком животного происхождения, но с каждым годом усложняется ситуация с трудовыми ресурсами на селе.In 2018, the deficit of protein and animal fats at the diet of Russian population was 11.8 and 5.5, respectively. High import dependence on animal protein remains at the level of 10.3, and on animal fats 8.8. Intensification of animal husbandry corresponds to the strategy of social development and improvement of living standards of countryside population in near and longterm period. In accordance with the Food Security Doctrine it was taken the course on the most complete provision and improving the structure of peoples diet due to increasing in the consumption of valuable dairy and meat products of own production. Our country has all the necessary conditions and has real prerequisites for fully solving the problem of providing the population with animal fats and protein, but every year the situation with the labor resources in rural areas becomes more complicated.

Download Full-text

Multiresistant Bacteria Isolated from Intestinal Faeces of Farm Animals in Austria

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040466 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 466

Author(s):

Herbert Galler ◽

Josefa Luxner ◽

Christian Petternel ◽

Franz F. Reinthaler ◽

Juliana Habib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Products ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Farm Animals ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria ◽

Antibiotic Resistant ◽

E Coli ◽

Multiresistant Bacteria ◽

Vancomycin Resistant

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacteria with an impact on human health, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-containing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE), have become more common in food. This is due to the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, which leads to the promotion of antibiotic resistance and thus also makes food a source of such resistant bacteria. Most studies dealing with this issue usually focus on the animals or processed food products to examine the antibiotic resistant bacteria. This study investigated the intestine as another main habitat besides the skin for multiresistant bacteria. For this purpose, faeces samples were taken directly from the intestines of swine (n = 71) and broiler (n = 100) during the slaughter process and analysed. All samples were from animals fed in Austria and slaughtered in Austrian slaughterhouses for food production. The samples were examined for the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, MRSA, MRCoNS and VRE. The resistance genes of the isolated bacteria were detected and sequenced by PCR. Phenotypic ESBL-producing Escherichia coli could be isolated in 10% of broiler casings (10 out of 100) and 43.6% of swine casings (31 out of 71). In line with previous studies, the results of this study showed that CTX-M-1 was the dominant ESBL produced by E. coli from swine (n = 25, 83.3%) and SHV-12 from broilers (n = 13, 81.3%). Overall, the frequency of positive samples with multidrug-resistant bacteria was lower than in most comparable studies focusing on meat products.

Download Full-text

Sarcopenia Is Associated with Mortality in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Gerontology ◽

10.1159/000517099 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Jane Xu ◽

Ching S. Wan ◽

Kiriakos Ktoris ◽

Esmee M. Reijnierse ◽

Andrea B. Maier

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Working Group ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Nursing Home Residents ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Risk Of Mortality ◽

European Working ◽

Subgroup Analyses ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: Sarcopenia can predispose individuals to falls, fractures, hospitalization, and mortality. The prevalence of sarcopenia depends on the population studied and the definition used for the diagnosis. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between sarcopenia and mortality and if it is dependent on the population and sarcopenia definition. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane from 1 January 2010 to 6 April 2020 for articles relating to sarcopenia and mortality. Articles were included if they met the following criteria – cohorts with a mean or median age ≥18 years and either of the following sarcopenia definitions: Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS and AWGS2019), European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP and EWGSOP2), Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH), International Working Group for Sarcopenia (IWGS), or Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC). Hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) were pooled separately in meta-analyses using a random-effects model, stratified by population (community-dwelling adults, outpatients, inpatients, and nursing home residents). Subgroup analyses were performed for sarcopenia definition and follow-up period. Results: Out of 3,025 articles, 57 articles were included in the systematic review and 56 in the meta-analysis (42,108 participants, mean age of 49.4 ± 11.7 to 86.6 ± 1.0 years, 40.3% females). Overall, sarcopenia was associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality (HR: 2.00 [95% CI: 1.71, 2.34]; OR: 2.35 [95% CI: 1.64, 3.37]), which was independent of population, sarcopenia definition, and follow-up period in subgroup analyses. Conclusions: Sarcopenia is associated with a significantly higher risk of mortality, independent of population and sarcopenia definition, which highlights the need for screening and early diagnosis in all populations.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial Resistance among Neonates with Bacterial Sepsis and Their Clinical Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease ◽

10.3390/tropicalmed6020056 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 56

Author(s):

Bijendra Raj Raghubanshi ◽

Karuna D. Sagili ◽

Wai Wai Han ◽

Henish Shakya ◽

Priyanka Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Bacterial Culture ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

College Teaching ◽

Hospital Treatment ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽

Cross Sectional

Globally, antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from neonatal sepsis is increasing. In this cross-sectional study conducted at a medical college teaching hospital in Nepal, we assessed the antibiotic resistance levels in bacteria cultured from neonates with sepsis and their in-hospital treatment outcomes. We extracted data of neonates with sepsis admitted for in-patient care from June 2018 to December 2019 by reviewing hospital records of the neonatal intensive care unit and microbiology department. A total of 308 neonates with sepsis were admitted of which, blood bacterial culture antibiotic sensitivity reports were available for 298 neonates. Twenty neonates (7%) had bacteriologic culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis. The most common bacterial species isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (8), followed by coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (5). Most of these bacteria were resistant to at least one first-line antibiotic used to manage neonatal sepsis. Overall, there were 7 (2%) deaths among the 308 neonates (none of them from the bacterial culture-positive group), and 53 (17%) neonates had left the hospital against medical advice (LAMA). Improving hospital procedures to isolate bacteria in neonates with sepsis, undertaking measures to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and addressing LAMA’s reasons are urgently needed.

Download Full-text