scholarly journals Biological elimination of a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide from landfill biogas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Ibrahim ◽  
Abdessamad El Hassni ◽  
Shahram Navaee-Ardeh ◽  
Hubert Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Landfill Biogas

scholarly journals Biological elimination of a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide from landfill biogas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Ibrahim ◽  
Abdessamad El Hassni ◽  
Shahram Navaee-Ardeh ◽  
Hubert Cabana
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biotrickling Filter ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Filter System ◽  
Biotrickling Filters ◽  
In Series ◽  
Maximum Elimination Capacity ◽  
Landfill Biogas

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one of the main contaminants found in biogas which is one of the end products of the anaerobic biodegradation of proteins and other sulfur-containing compounds in solid waste. The presence of H2S is one of the factors limiting the valorization of biogas. To valorize biogas, H2S and other contaminants must be removed. This study evaluated the performance of a pilot-scale biotrickling filter system on H2S removal from landfill biogas. The biotrickling filter system, which was packed with stainless-steel pall rings and inoculated with an H2S-oxidizing consortium, was designed to process 1 to 10 SCFM of biogas and used to determine the removal efficiency of a high concentration of hydrogen sulfide from landfill biogas. The biofiltration system consisted of two biotrickling filters connected in series. Results indicate that the biofiltration system reduced H2S concentration by 94–97% without reduction of the methane concentration in the outlet biogas. The inlet concentration of hydrogen sulfide, supplied to the two-phase bioreactor, was in the range of 900 to 1500 ppmv. The hydraulic retention times (HRT) of the two biotrickling filters were 3.9 and 0.9 min, respectively. Approximately 50 ppmv of H2S gas was detected in the outlet gas. The maximum elimination capacity of the biotrickling filter system was found to be 272 g H2S.m− 3.h− 1. During the biological process, the performance of biotrickling filter was not affected when the pH of the recirculated liquid decreased to 2–3. The overall performance of the biotrickling filter system was described using a modified Michaelis–Menten equation, and the Ks and Vm values for the biosystem were 34.7 ppmv and 200 mg H2S/L.h− 1, respectively.

scholarly journals Spatial Analysis (Measurements at Heights of 10 m and 20 m above Ground Level) of the Concentrations of Particulate Matter (PM10, PM2.5, and PM1.0) and Gaseous Pollutants (H2S) on the University Campus: A Case Study

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Robert Cichowicz ◽  
Maciej Dobrzański
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Above Ground Level ◽  
High Concentrations

Spatial analysis of the distribution of particulate matter PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas pollution was performed in the area around a university library building. The reasons for the subject matter were reports related to the perceptible odor characteristic of hydrogen sulfide and a general poor assessment of air quality by employees and students. Due to the area of analysis, it was decided to perform measurements at two heights, 10 m and 20 m above ground level, using measuring equipment attached to a DJI Matrice 600 unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The aim of the measurements was air quality assessment and investigate the convergence of the theory of air flow around the building with the spatial distribution of air pollutants. Considerable differences of up to 63% were observed in the concentrations of pollutants measured around the building, especially between opposite sides, depending on the direction of the wind. To explain these differences, the theory of aerodynamics was applied to visualize the probable airflow in the direction of the wind. A strong convergence was observed between the aerodynamic model and the spatial distribution of pollutants. This was evidenced by the high concentrations of dust in the areas of strong turbulence at the edges of the building and on the leeward side. The accumulation of pollutants was also clearly noticeable in these locations. A high concentration of H2S was recorded around the library building on the side of the car park. On the other hand, the air turbulence around the building dispersed the gas pollution, causing the concentration of H2S to drop on the leeward side. It was confirmed that in some analyzed areas the permissible concentration of H2S was exceeded.

scholarly journals Sulfide may directly modify cytoplasmic hemoglobin deoxygenation in Solemya reidi gills

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Kraus ◽  
J Doeller ◽  
C Powell
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Oxygen Consumption Rate ◽  
Optical Spectrum ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Dissociation Rate ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Dissociation Rate Constants

The clam Solemya reidi, which survives in sulfide-rich sediments, houses intracellular sulfide-oxidizing bacteria as symbionts in its gills. The gill bacteriocytes also contain a high concentration of cytoplasmic hemoglobin. Although the in situ hemoglobin optical spectrum was not altered in the presence of hydrogen sulfide, hemoglobin deoxygenation was significantly slowed and incomplete when sulfide was present. A sulfide-mediated decrease in oxygen consumption rate, a shift in intracellular pH or the conversion of hemoglobin to an unusual derivative could all slow in situ hemoglobin deoxygenation. However, under low sulfide levels at which deoxygenation is incomplete, oxygen consumption rate was not inhibited, intracellular pH decreased by less than 0.1 units and the only hemoglobin derivatives present were deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin. These results and preliminary measurements of the isolated gill hemoglobin dissociation rate constants suggest that sulfide or a rapidly formed oxidation product may directly influence the rate of Solemya reidi gill hemoglobin deoxygenation.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF SULFIDE WATERS IN PARAGENESIS WITH EVAPORITE AND OIL AND GAS-BASED FORMATIONS IN THE ARTESIAN POOLS OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-81
Author(s):  
M Juraev ◽  
◽  
G Bimurzaev ◽  
B Razykov ◽  
B Khaidarov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Necessary Conditions ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Oil Fields ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Formed Hydrogen

The lithological-facies factor is considered with the aim of studying the natural and geological conditions in which hydrogen sulfide waters are formed in gas and oil fields in the artesian basins of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The distribution of hydrogen sulfide waters is closely related to the areas of joint development of halogen rocks and oil and gas complexes. Since the term “paragenesis” refers to the joint finding of minerals or chemical elements genetically related, this map is a map of the paragenesis of hydrogen sulfide waters with evaporites and oil and gas complexes. In the absence of one of the necessary conditions (sulfates or petroleum organics), hydrogen sulfide waters of high concentration are not formed. Hydrogen sulfide waters in the identified anticlinal structures are formed due to the presence of insignificant gas and oil deposits, which are not of industrial importance

scholarly journals Evolution Mechanism of High Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide from the Least Controlled Landfill Site.

2001 ◽  
pp. 705-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji KIKUCHI ◽  
Takuji OKAYA ◽  
Nobuo TAKEDA ◽  
Masaru SATOUCHI ◽  
Toshihiro NAKAMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Evolution Mechanism

Successful Lifting of Oil with High Concentration of Hydrogen Sulfide by Artificial Lift System – Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abid Ur Rehman ◽  
Marwan Abdelbary
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Jet Pump ◽  
Pump System ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Well Completion ◽  
Artificial Lift ◽  
Single Well

Abstract Due to the low cost of crude oil, it is highly unusual for the operators to drill exploration wells, for the past few years. Adding that as well to the world's economy collapse due to the pandemic at the start of 2020, it is now more than ever a necessity to use artificial lift methods to lift from previously shut-in wells or maximize current production of the wells, as to grapple with the running expenses of operators. The artificial lift is a vast field with different lift methods applicable to a single well. Hence, the selection of an optimum lift method is critical. During the worst economic slump, the economic analysis will play a decisive role in the application of an artificial lift system (ALS) along with a technical review. The jet pump system is one of the most reliable artificial lift systems for lifting shut-in wells. The installation time of this system is minimal, and production starts right away. However, the system can prove to be very expensive, if the design is not done critically. This paper is about lifting a well that was not able to flow naturally. The vertical well B3 located in northern Iraq was drilled in May 2018 to a total depth of 521 meters. But the well was not able to flow naturally, and the jet pump was designed for the well based on well completion, downhole pressures, temperature and reservoir fluid properties. The evaluation and design of the downhole jet pump and surface pumping unit requirements were performed on Jet Pump Evaluation and Modeling Software. This well produced approximately 1700 BOPD. Since, the well was not flowing before the installation of the jet pump, most of the production data was obtained after deployment of ALS and production was optimized accordingly. The production had a high content of Hydrogen Sulfide as well, which was treated accordingly for safety of personnel, equipment, flow lines and environment. This paper describes the details about the application, optimization and operation of the jet pump system deployed on inactive wells with a high concentration of sour gas.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE REMOVAL OF HYDROGEN SULFIDE AND AMMONIA FROM BIOGAS USING ZEOLITE CHARGES / SIEROS VANDENILIO IR AMONIAKO ADSORBCIJOS CEOLITO ĮKROVA IŠ BIOLOGINIŲ DUJŲ EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Stomaitė ◽  
Alvydas Zagorskis
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Zeolite A ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Laboratory Bench ◽  
Toxic Material ◽  
A Charge ◽  
The Impact

Experimental studies have been carried out using an adsorber – a constructed laboratory bench. Zeolite, a natural mineral, has been selected as a charge. This aluminosilicate of a crystalline structure is resistant to high temperatures, aggressive mediums and the impact of radiation. Zeolite is ecologically clean, inert and non-toxic material, which fully suits to be used in most industrial, agricultural, environment fields and at home for eliminating the consequences of ecological accidents etc. For the purification of contaminated biogas, the laboratory adsorber is equipped with three sections filled up with 10 cm of adsorbing material the efficiency of which is established after every filtration column (10 cm, 20 cm and 30 cm). The studies have been carried employing two different contaminants – sulphur hydrogen (H2S) and ammonia (NH3). It has been established that, with a high concentration of sulphur hydrogen, the efficiency has amounted to 96.1% while the degree of ammonia purification has reached 95.4%,when NH3 concentration in biogas is 24.0 mg/m3. Eksperimentiniai tyrimai atlikti naudojant laboratorinį stendą – adsorberį. Adsorbentu naudojamas gamtinės kilmės mineralas – ceolitas. Šis kristalinės struktūros aliumosilikatas yra atsparus aukštoms temperatūroms, agresyvioms terpėms ir jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotės poveikiui. Ceolitai – ekologiškai švari, inertinė ir nenuodinga medžiaga, visiškai tinkama naudoti daugelyje pramonės, žemės ūkio, buities, gamtosaugos sričių, taip pat ekologinių katastrofų pasekmėms šalinti ir kitur. Užterštoms biologinėms dujoms valyti laboratoriniame adsorberyje įrengtos trys kolonėlės, pripildytos 10 cm storio adsorbuojamosios medžiagos. Išmatavus teršalo koncentracijas prieš ir po kiekvienos adsorberio kolonėlės (10 cm, 20 cm ir 30 cm), nustatomas adsorbento – ceolito granulių – efektyvumas. Tyrimai atlikti per įrenginį leidžiant sieros vandeniliu (H2S) ir amoniaku (NH3) užterštas biologines dujas. Nustatyta, kad kai pradinė sieros vandenilio koncentracija yra 2371 mg/m3, teršalo išvalymo efektyvumas siekė 96,1 %. Amoniako (NH3) adsorbcijos efektyvumas siekė 95,4 %, kai pradinė NH3 koncentracija biologinėse dujose buvo 24,0 mg/m3.

scholarly journals Solutions to a combined problem of excessive hydrogen sulfide in biogas and struvite scaling

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Charles ◽  
R. Cord-Ruwisch ◽  
G. Ho ◽  
M. Costa ◽  
P. Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Anaerobic Digester ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Digested Sludge ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Struvite Precipitation

The Woodman Point Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Western Australia has experienced two separate problems causing avoidable maintenance costs: the build-up of massive struvite (MgNH4PO4· 6H2O) scaling downstream of the anaerobic digester and the formation of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels in the digester gas to levels that compromised gas engine operation and caused high operating costs on the gas scrubber. As both problems hang together with a chemical imbalance in the anaerobic digester, we decided to investigate whether both problems could be (feasibly and economically) addressed by a common solution (such as dosing of iron solutions to precipitate both sulfide and phosphate), or by using separate approaches. Laboratory results showed that, the hydrogen sulfide emission in digesters could be effectively and economically controlled by the addition of iron dosing. Slightly higher than the theoretical value of 1.5 mol of FeCl3 was required to precipitate 1 mol of dissolved sulfide inside the digester. Due to the high concentration of PO43− in the digested sludge liquor, significantly higher iron is required for struvite precipitation. Iron dosing did not appear an economic solution for struvite control via iron phosphate formation. By taking advantage of the natural tendency of struvite formation in the digester liquid, it is possible to reduce the risk of struvite precipitation in and around the sludge-dewatering centrifuge by increasing the pH to precipitate struvite out before passing through the centrifuge. However, as the Mg2+ /PO43− molar ratio in digested sludge was low, by increasing the pH alone (using NaOH) the precipitation of PO43− was limited by the amount of cations (Ca2+  and Mg2+ ) available in the sludge. Although this would reduce struvite precipitation in the centrifuge, it could not significantly reduce PO43− recycling back to the plant. For long-term operation, maximum PO43− reduction should be the ultimate aim to minimise PO43− accumulation in the plant. Magnesium hydroxide liquid (MHL) was found to be the most cost-effective chemical to achieve this goal. It enhanced struvite precipitation from both, digested sludge and centrate to the point where more than 95% PO43− reduction in the digested sludge was achieved.

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