scholarly journals Does the degree of endocrine dyscrasia post-reproduction dictate post-reproductive lifespan? Lessons from semelparous and iteroparous species

GeroScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig S. Atwood ◽  
Kentaro Hayashi ◽  
Sivan Vadakkadath Meethal ◽  
Tina Gonzales ◽  
Richard L. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Iteroparous Species

Inter-individual differences in the foraging behavior of breeding Adélie penguins are driven by individual quality and sex

2020 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
pp. 189-205
Author(s):  
A Lescroël ◽  
PO’B Lyver ◽  
D Jongsomjit ◽  
S Veloz ◽  
KM Dugger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Individual Quality ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Breeding Experience ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
Adélie Penguins

Inter-individual differences in demographic traits of iteroparous species can arise through learning and maturation, as well as from permanent differences in individual ‘quality’ and sex-specific constraints. As the ability to acquire energy determines the resources an individual can allocate to reproduction and self-maintenance, foraging behavior is a key trait to study to better understand the mechanisms underlying these differences. So far, most seabird studies have focused on the effect of maturation and learning processes on foraging performance, while only a few have included measures of individual quality. Here, we investigated the effects of age, breeding experience, sex, and individual breeding quality on the foraging behavior and location of 83 known-age Adélie penguins at Cape Bird, Ross Sea, Antarctica. Over a 2 yr period, we showed that (1) high-quality birds dived deeper than lower quality ones, apparently catching a higher number of prey per dive and targeting different foraging locations; (2) females performed longer foraging trips and a higher number of dives compared to males; (3) there were no significant age-related differences in foraging behavior; and (4) breeding experience had a weak influence on foraging behavior. We suggest that high-quality individuals have higher physiological ability, enabling them to dive deeper and forage more effectively. Further inquiry should focus on determining the physiological differences among penguins of different quality.

Meristem allocation and life-history evolution in herbaceous plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Bonser ◽  
Lonnie W. Aarssen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Meristem Allocation ◽  
Branching Intensity ◽  
Iteroparous Species

Generalisations of life histories in plants are often framed in terms of allocation to reproduction. For example, relative allocation to reproduction is commonly found to be higher in semelparous than in iteroparous plant species. However, the association between vegetative traits and life history has been largely unexplored. In higher plants, reproductive and vegetative function can be measured in terms of meristem allocation. Under this approach, two vegetative traits (apical dominance (the suppression of axillary meristem development) and branching intensity (the commitment of axillary meristems to branches)) can be measured as well as one reproductive trait (reproductive effort). We used phylogenetically independent contrasts to compare reproductive and vegetative function in annual semelparous and perennial iteroparous species. Twenty congeneric species pairs (each species pair represented by one semelparous and one iteroparous species) across nine families were selected based on availability of herbarium specimens. Semelparous life-history evolution was associated with higher reproductive effort. Conversely, iteroparous life-history evolution was associated with higher apical dominance. Branching intensity was not associated with life history. An evolutionary association between life history and apical dominance but not branching intensity suggests a complex relationship between allocation to vegetative traits and the evolution of plant strategies across environments.

Iteroparous Species

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Nordberg ◽  
Douglas M. Templeton ◽  
Ole Andersen ◽  
John H. Duffus
Keyword(s):  
Iteroparous Species

Seasonal Variations in Fecundity and Egg Size of The Common Goby, Pomatoschistus Microps

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.I. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Adult Life Span ◽  
The Common ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Brackish Water Fish ◽  
Common Goby

The common goby Pomatoschistus microps (Krøyer), is a small and abundant brackish water fish, which becomes sexually mature after the first winter of life and usually survives for only a single breeding season (Miller, 1975). During a protracted breeding season from approximately mid-April to August or September, the goby can produce up to 9 or 10 separate batches of eggs. It is therefore considered to be an iteroparous species, but because of the short adult life-span during which spawning occurs, this species has been termed an abbreviate iteropare (Miller, 1984). The nest-building activities of the male fish, courtship behaviour and subsequent brood-care are well documented (Vestergaard, 1976).

Time series bias in the estimation of density-dependent mortality in stock-recruitment models

1995 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ransom A. Myers ◽  
N. J. Barrowman
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Large Time ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Model Misspecification ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Density Dependent Mortality ◽  
Stock Recruitment ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
The Relationship

Large biases can occur in parameter estimates for stock–recruitment models because the stock sizes are not chosen independently, being correlated with variability in recruitment. We examine the importance of this "time series bias" by a comprehensive analysis of available stock–recruitment data and the use of simulations. For semelparous species, i.e., species that reproduce only once, time series bias is important for all populations for which we had data. For iteroparous species, i.e., species that reproduce more than once, large biases occur if the populations are exploited at close to the maximum that is biologically possible. Notably, when there is autocorrelation in natural mortality, for univoltine species, the direction of bias is reversed due to model misspecification. Given moderate sample sizes and moderate levels of exploitation, time series bias is small for species such as Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), for which α, the slope of the relationship between recruitment and number of spawners as the number of spawners goes to zero, is large. Time series bias will usually be important in species such as hakes (Merluccius) for which α appears to be relatively small.

scholarly journals How can we augment the few that remain? Using stable population dynamics to aid reintroduction planning of an iteroparous species

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6873
Author(s):  
Brenda J. Hanley ◽  
Elizabeth M. Bunting ◽  
Krysten L. Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Stable Population ◽  
Interactive Software ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Transient Population ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
Stable Population Theory

Restoration of depleted populations is an important method in biological conservation. Reintroduction strategies frequently aim to restore stable, increasing, self-sustaining populations. Knowledge of asymptotic system dynamics may provide advantage in selecting reintroduction strategies. We introduce interactive software that is designed to identify strategies for release of females that are immediately aligned with stable population dynamics from species represented by 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-stage life history strategies. The software allows managers to input a matrix of interest, the desired number of breeding females, and the desired management timeline, and calls upon stable population theory to give release strategies that are in concert with both stable population status and the management goals. We demonstrate how the software can aid in assessing various strategies ahead of a hypothetical restoration. For the purpose of demonstration of the tool only, we use published vital rates of an ungulate species, but remark that the selection of species for demonstration is not central to the use of this tool. Adaption of this tool to real-life restorations of any 2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-stage iteroparous species may aid in understanding how to minimize undesirable recovery complications that may naturally arise from transient population dynamics. The software is freely available at: https//cwhl.vet.cornell.edu/tools/stapopd.

scholarly journals The various ways that anadromous salmonids use lake habitats to complete their life history

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-100
Author(s):  
Robert J. Lennox ◽  
Ulrich Pulg ◽  
Brendan Malley ◽  
Sven-Erik Gabrielsen ◽  
Erlend M. Hanssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Behavioural Thermoregulation ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
Oxygen Ice ◽  
Lake Habitats ◽  
Genetics Of Populations

Despite the preponderance of exorheic lakes in rivers home to anadromous salmonids, little research has focused on how salmon, trout, and char use lakes as part of their anadromous life histories. The literature on this subject has so far revealed that some parr move into lakes to feed and grow before smoltification but that smolts moving through lakes tend to have high mortality in disproportion to what is observed in other habitats they migrate in or through. Adults have been observed using lakes for behavioural thermoregulation prior to spawning, and kelts of iteroparous species often exploit lakes to overwinter before returning to sea to recondition. We summarized knowledge on lakes as salmonid habitat and identified knowledge gaps about the use of lakes by anadromous salmonids related to whether lakes are barriers that structure genetics of populations, whether mortality in lakes is compensatory or additive, and whether systems with lakes have higher rates of repeat spawning among iteroparous salmonids. Human activities that alter lakes require further study to understand how changes in temperature, oxygen, ice, or circulation affect navigation and fate.

scholarly journals Generation time, life history and the substitution rate of neutral mutations

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 20140801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussi Lehtonen ◽  
Robert Lanfear
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Substitution Rates ◽  
Demographic Theory ◽  
Full Life ◽  
Iteroparous Species ◽  
Neutral Mutations

Our understanding of molecular evolution is hampered by a lack of quantitative predictions about how life-history (LH) traits should correlate with substitution rates. Comparative studies have shown that neutral substitution rates vary substantially between species, and evidence shows that much of this diversity is associated with variation in LH traits. However, while these studies often agree, some unexplained and contradictory results have emerged. Explaining these results is difficult without a clear theoretical understanding of the problem. In this study, we derive predictions for the relationships between LH traits and substitution rates in iteroparous species by using demographic theory to relate commonly measured life-history traits to genetic generation time, and by implication to neutral substitution rates. This provides some surprisingly simple explanations for otherwise confusing patterns, such as the association between fecundity and substitution rates. The same framework can be applied to more complex life histories if full life-tables are available.

scholarly journals Paternal but not maternal age influences early-life performance of offspring in a long-lived seabird

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1828) ◽  
pp. 20152318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Fay ◽  
Christophe Barbraud ◽  
Karine Delord ◽  
Henri Weimerskirch
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Parental Age ◽  
Fitness Component ◽  
Offspring Performance ◽  
Offspring Quality ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Offspring Fitness ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
Iteroparous Species

Variability in demographic traits between individuals within populations has profound implications for both evolutionary processes and population dynamics. Parental effects as a source of non-genetic inheritance are important processes to consider to understand the causes of individual variation. In iteroparous species, parental age is known to influence strongly reproductive success and offspring quality, but consequences on an offspring fitness component after independence are much less studied. Based on 37 years longitudinal monitoring of a long-lived seabird, the wandering albatross, we investigate delayed effects of parental age on offspring fitness components. We provide evidence that parental age influences offspring performance beyond the age of independence. By distinguishing maternal and paternal age effects, we demonstrate that paternal age, but not maternal age, impacts negatively post-fledging offspring performance.

The estimation of fitness in iteroparous species during population replacement experiments

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Life History ◽  
Generation Time ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Relative Fitness ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Population Replacement ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
Iteroparous Species

A model is proposed for a species with overlapping generations near equilibrium. This model incorporates a standard strain in competition with a strain carrying compound chromosomes. A method of estimating the relative fitness of the compounds is described and tested by Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that the method is robust and can be used over a variety of life history patterns for estimating fitness and, with less precision, generation time.

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