scholarly journals Non-invasive detection and localization of microplastic particles in a sandy sediment by complementary neutron and X-ray tomography

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1476-1487
Author(s):  
Christian Tötzke ◽  
Sascha E. Oswald ◽  
André Hilger ◽  
Nikolay Kardjilov
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Sandy Sediment ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sample Structure ◽  
Shape Determination ◽  
Detection And Localization ◽  
Unique Potential

Abstract Purpose Microplastics have become a ubiquitous pollutant in marine, terrestrial and freshwater systems that seriously affects aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Common methods for analysing microplastic abundance in soil or sediments are based on destructive sampling or involve destructive sample processing. Thus, substantial information about local distribution of microplastics is inevitably lost. Methods Tomographic methods have been explored in our study as they can help to overcome this limitation because they allow the analysis of the sample structure while maintaining its integrity. However, this capability has not yet been exploited for detection of environmental microplastics. We present a bimodal 3D imaging approach capable to detect microplastics in soil or sediment cores non-destructively. Results In a first pilot study, we demonstrate the unique potential of neutrons to sense and localize microplastic particles in sandy sediment. The complementary application of X-rays allows mineral grains to be discriminated from microplastic particles. Additionally, it yields detailed information on the 3D surroundings of each microplastic particle, which supports its size and shape determination. Conclusion The procedure we developed is able to identify microplastic particles with diameters of approximately 1 mm in a sandy soil. It also allows characterisation of the shape of the microplastic particles as well as the microstructure of the soil and sediment sample as depositional background information. Transferring this approach to environmental samples presents the opportunity to gain insights of the exact distribution of microplastics as well as their past deposition, deterioration and translocation processes.

scholarly journals AB0945 CONTRIBUTION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL AND ANATOMOPATHOLOGICAL EXAMINATIONS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF SPONTANEOUS PYOGENIC SPONDYLODISCITIS IN ADULTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1771.3-1771
Author(s):  
I. Mahmoud ◽  
M. Moalla ◽  
A. Ben Tekaya ◽  
S. Bouden ◽  
R. Tekaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Skin Sample ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pyogenic Spondylodiscitis ◽  
Serious Infection

Background:Pyogenic spondylodiscitis (SPD) is a serious infection of an intervertebral disc and/or adjacent vertebrae, that remains a topical problem in rheumatological practice. Early diagnosis and treatment are the only guarantees of a favorable outcome. Clinicians must strive to isolate the responsible bacteria in order to adapt the treatment, and thus reduce the risk of resistance and complications due to SPD itself, but also to the multiplication of probabilistic treatments.Objectives:Our aim was to study the contribution of the different microbiological and anatomopathological examinations in the diagnosis of pyogenic SPD.Methods:It was a descriptive study in a single rheumatology department. Data were collected retrospectively from observations of patients hospitalized in the past 20 years who have been diagnosed with pyogenic SPD. We excluded cases of tuberculous and brucellar SPD from our study because of their completely different histological and microbiological profiles.Results:Twenty-two cases of pyogenic SPD were collected (14M/ 8F). The mean age of the population was 55.9 years [29,80]. A bacteriological survey including at least one cytobacteriological examination of the urine (CBEU), chest X-rays and blood cultures allowed the identification of the bacteria in 16 cases (73%). The most common site were bacteria was identified was blood culture in 7 cases, skin sample and urine collection in 2 cases each. Disco-vertebral puncture and biopsy (DVPB) was performed in 19 patients when there was no bacteria identification and/or when diagnosis of infectious SPD persisted doubtful. On histopathological examination, were described: an infiltrate and/or inflammatory changes without specificity signs in 7 patients and an appearance of chronic pyogenic SPD very likely in 12 patients. Bacteriological study of DVPB fluid or paravertebral abscesses sample helped to isolate bacteria in 4 patients. DVPB or abscesses puncture were contributing by histological and/or bacteriological examination in 12 patients (63%).Infecting bacteria was identified in 14 patients (64%). Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and staphylococcus aureus were the most frequent germs (7 cases each) including 2 cases of co-infection. GNBs were represented by: Escherichia Coli and Enterobacter Cloacae in 2 cases each, Proteus Mirabilis, Serratia Marcescens and Klebsiella oxytoca in 1 case each. Clostridium clostridioforme and Lactococcus cremoris were isolated in 1 case each. For patients whose etiological investigation remained negative, SPD diagnosis was retained based on imaging (MRI) guided by anamnestic, clinico-biological and histopathological arguments.Conclusion:SPD is a rare condition that needs to be treated rapidly. Once the diagnosis is suspected, bacteria must be isolated before starting any antibiotic therapy. Simple and non-invasive exams as blood cultures, CBUE and chest rays, should be undertaken first. In fact, these simple exams allowed a germ identification in 73% cases in our study. If doubt persist, DVPB could be contributive to the diagnosis.References:NoneDisclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Non‐invasive imaging in dermatology and the unique potential of raster‐scan optoacoustic mesoscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hindelang ◽  
J. Aguirre ◽  
M. Schwarz ◽  
A. Berezhnoi ◽  
K. Eyerich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Non Invasive ◽  
Raster Scan ◽  
Unique Potential

Tympanic plethysmography in glomus jugulare tumours

1981 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
Sayed Tewfik
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Axial Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Glomus Jugulare ◽  
Diagnostic Technology ◽  
Carotid Aneurysms ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Degree Of Extension

SummaryTympanic plethysmography is a simple non-invasive diagnostic technique which is used to differentiate between intra-temporal carotid aneurysms and glomus jugulare tumours and to predict the degree of extension of the tumour. It is performed by the indirect recording of volume pressure changes of pulsating tympanic masses using a pressure transducer. The volume pressure change of the pulsating mass is transmitted to the pressure transducer through a saline-filled system.Medical technology has undergone considerable progress with the introduction of new techniques in medical diagnosis less harmful to the patient and with a reduced risk of complications. The collaboration of doctors, scientists and bioengineers has resulted in the evolution of such changes, thereby trying to replace the more aggressive or invasive diagnostic techniques. The ideal diagnostic technology is one without pain, harm or complications to the patient.Medical diagnostic technology may be classified as invasive or noninvasive. Non-invasive diagnostic technology is either active, using an external source of energy such as ultrasound (ultrasonography) or a small dose of X-rays, as in computerized axial tomography; or passive, using the energy emitted by human structures, as in plethysmography.Plethysmography is the recording of volume pressure changes. Oculoplethysmography is used to monitor extracranial occlusive carotid disease (Kartchner and McRae, 1973). The use of sound energy as an internal energy emitted by the human body has proved effective as a passive, non-invasive diagnostic technique (Tewfik, 1976, 1977).Volume pressure changes of intra-temporal carotid aneurysms have been recorded, using a pressure transducer (Tewfik, 1974).In this article the volume pressure changes of glomus jugulare tumours have been recorded and the findings compared with those obtained, and previously published, for intra-temporal carotid aneurysms. Volume pressure changes of pulsating tympanic masses may be called tympanic plethysmography. A trial of this simple non-invasive diagnostic technique for differentiating pulsating tympanic masses is here reported, together with an assessment of the technique in its ability to predict the degree of extension of glomus jugulare tumours.

scholarly journals Diffraction/Scattering Tomography on multi-phase crystalline/amorphous materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C139-C139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Alvarez-Murga ◽  
Pierre Bleuet ◽  
Christophe Lepoittevin ◽  
Nathalie Boudet ◽  
Gaston Gabarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Materials ◽  
Structural Information ◽  
Local Variation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Complex Materials ◽  
Diffraction Scattering ◽  
Invasive Approach ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Phase Selectivity ◽  
Multi Phase

By suitably combining diffraction/scattering and tomography (DSCT), it is possible to access to selective submicron 2D/3D structural and micro-structural information, which cannot be obtained from separate, independent diffraction and tomography experiments. DSCT is used to discriminate between multi-phase crystalline and amorphous materials, especially when the similarities in densities limit the use of other methods. In addition, this method is sensitive to local variation of the crystalline state, texture, grain size or strains inside the object and can allow simultaneous 3D mappings of such properties. The DSCT phase-selectivity can be easily combined with fluorescence and absorption for added chemical and density resolution allowing multi-modal analyses. As samples can be used in their original state, this method can be applied without cutting or polishing them. Moreover the setup can be adapted with specific sample environments in order to monitor phase and microstructure evolution as a function of an externally controlled parameter with a non-invasive approach. After a first report on in 1998 [1], since 2008 capabilities of DSCT have been demonstrated using x-rays on complex materials as diverse as biological tissue, pigments, Portland cements, Carbon-based materials, Uranium-based nuclear fuel, Ni/Al2O3 catalysts or amorphous systems [2]. More recently, the technique has evolved towards quantitative characterization of the microstructure and stress/strain through either Rietveld or Peak Profile analyses and also pair distribution function techniques (PDF) and their application to nanostructured materials [3]. In this poster contribution, we briefly review the principle and methodology of pencil-beam based x-ray DSCT which is two-fold: (i) selective structural imaging and (ii) extraction of selective scattered patterns of ultra-minor phases.

Rapid and non-invasive surface crack detection for pressed-panel products based on online image processing

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1928-1942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hwee Kwon Jung ◽  
Gyuhae Park
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Crack Detection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Inspection System ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Panel Products ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Detection And Localization

Crack detection during the manufacturing process of pressed-panel products is an important aspect of quality management. Traditional approaches for crack detection of those products are subjective and expensive because they are usually performed by experienced human inspectors. Therefore, the development and implementation of an automated and accurate inspection system is required for the manufacturing process. In this article, a crack detection technique based on image processing is proposed that utilizes the images of panel products captured by a regular camera system. First, the binary panel object image is extracted from various backgrounds after considering the color factor. Edge lines are then generated from a binary image using a percolation process. Finally, crack detection and localization is performed with a unique edge-line evaluation. In order to demonstrate the capability of the proposed technique, lab-scale experiments were carried out with a thin aluminum plate. In addition, a test was performed with the panel images acquired at an actual press line. Experimental results show that the proposed technique could effectively detect panel cracks at an improved rate and speed. The experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed technique could be an extension of structural health monitoring frameworks into a new manufacturing application.

scholarly journals The methods used for the diagnosis and evaluation of scoliosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Maria Vutan ◽  
Erwin-Christian Lovasz ◽  
Mihaela Amarandei ◽  
Valentin Ciupe
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Hematopoietic Tissue ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Three Dimensional Mapping ◽  
Clinical Control

Abstract In recent years there multiple studies have been carried out on early diagnosis of scoliosis on school and preschool children. The diagnosis and evaluation of scoliosis is done by carrying out X-rays. A protocol is implemented for tracking the evolution of a scoliosis which involves both clinical control and imaging (X-ray) every 6 months, until the end of the growth period of the child. Because investigations such as X-ray and CT, can have harmful effects on the child's growing body (recent studies have shown that X-ray affects the skin, eyes, hematopoietic tissue, gonads and may cause cancer), new methods for diagnosing and tracking the evolution in time were researched. The present paper tries to present the current methods used in the diagnosis and assessment of scoliosis evolution in time, pointing out the main advantages and disadvantages of each method. There are a few methods developed in recent years in Germany by Zebris Medical Gmbh (using mapping with ultrasonic digital equipment), in Canada by InSpeck (using three-dimensional mapping through digital image acquisition) but used on a small scale. The newly developed methods have the advantage of being non-invasive, painless, non-irradiating and they can be used regardless of health status or gender. Although medical technology has developed very rapidly in recent years, radiology remains the most common method of investigation used for scoliosis. Certainly, in the near future the methods presented in this paper could be used more widely, for the benefits arising from their use.

scholarly journals Pneumomediastinum secondary to invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (27) ◽  
pp. 36-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mousa ◽  
Hawa Edriss
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Low Tidal Volume ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
High Frequency Oscillatory

Pneumomediastinum (PM) is defined as the presence of abnormal gas in the mediastinum.It is a known complication of invasive mechanical ventilation and has been reported withnon-invasive ventilation. Recent studies have reported that the incidence of barotrauma islowest in post-operative patients and is highest in mechanically ventilated patients with acuterespiratory distress syndrome. The incidence has dropped with the low tidal volume ventilationtechnique. Chest x-rays can miss up to 25% of small PMs detected by computed tomographyscans of the chest. Pneumomediastinum is managed with low tidal volume ventilation withplateau pressures <30 cm H2O and treatment of the underlying lung disease. Novel ways ofventilation, such as high frequency oscillatory ventilation and asynchronous independent lungventilation, may improve ventilation in some patients.

Emergency ESWL in ureteral lithiasis

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25
Author(s):  
E. Frego ◽  
M. Scanzi ◽  
A. Botturi ◽  
S. Cosciani Cunico
Keyword(s):  
Open Surgery ◽  
Shock Wave Lithotripsy ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Ureteral Stones ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Extracorporeal Shock Wave ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Ureteral Lithiasis

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) may be considered first-choice treatment for upper ureteral stones; for lower ureteral stones, an endoscopie approach gives a high success rate but also higher morbidity. Over a period of 18 months in our Department, 275 consecutive patients with ureteral stones underwent ESWL. In 40 patients (14.5%) ESWL was performed within 48 hours of onset of acute renai colie; stone diameters were 7.5 mm average (range 5-20 mm). Ten patients (25%) were treated after ultrasonography and abdomen X-rays, while 30 patients also underwent an I.V.P. Shock waves required for fragmentation were 1503 on average (range 437-2650). All patients were treated after sedation-analgesia. All patients had remission of clinical symptoms after ESWL and one month later were all stone-free at X-ray and ultrasonographic control. Just one complication was observed: a small perineal hematoma that required no treatment. On the basis of our data, emergency ESWL is suggested as a non-invasive, easy-to-perform, well-tolerated treatment giving immediate remission of clinical symptoms. When unsuccessful, it does not preclude endoscopy or open surgery. Emergency ESWL has proved to be the treatment of choice due to the high percentage of total stone elimination, lack of anesthesia, few complications and excellent patient compliance.

Non Invasive Failure Analysis of Passive Electronic Devices in Wireless Modules Using X-ray Micro Tomography (MicroCT)

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Pendleton ◽  
Luke Hunter ◽  
S. H. Lau
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Interesting Case ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Micro Tomography

Abstract Conventional microCTs or 3D x-ray upgrades from existing 2D x-ray systems have two major drawbacks when they are used for failure analysis of advanced packages: Insufficient resolution to image small (1 to 5 microns) materials and the lack of imaging contrast to visualize cracks, whiskers, and defects within low Z materials. This paper discusses some of the failure analysis (FA) case studies of wireless modules using a high resolution micro x-ray CT (XCT). These examples show the value of high resolution XCT as a novel approach to some common package level defects, including some interesting case examples, where failure mechanisms have been uncovered which could not have been done, using conventional means. The non-invasive FA technique for RF modules technique has been shown to dramatically improve the FA engineers' chances of identifying defects over conventional 2D x-rays and avoid the need for physical and tedious cross sectioning of these devices.

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