Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs in plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhu ◽  
David W. Ow ◽  
Zhicheng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Transfer Rna

scholarly journals Expression profiles and potential roles of transfer RNA‐derived small RNAs in atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangqin He ◽  
Yanyan Yang ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Jueru Wang ◽  
Shifang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Transfer Rna

scholarly journals Transfer RNA demethylase ALKBH3 promotes cancer progression via induction of tRNA-derived small RNAs

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 2533-2545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuojia Chen ◽  
Meijie Qi ◽  
Bin Shen ◽  
Guanzheng Luo ◽  
Yingmin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Transfer Rna

scholarly journals Divergent degeneration of creA antitoxin genes from minimal CRISPRs and the convergent strategy of tRNA-sequestering CreT toxins

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (18) ◽  
pp. 10677-10688
Author(s):  
Feiyue Cheng ◽  
Rui Wang ◽  
Haiying Yu ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Deep Sequencing ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Type I ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Crea Gene

Abstract Aside from providing adaptive immunity, type I CRISPR-Cas was recently unearthed to employ a noncanonical RNA guide (CreA) to transcriptionally repress an RNA toxin (CreT). Here, we report that, for most archaeal and bacterial CreTA modules, the creA gene actually carries two flanking ‘CRISPR repeats’, which are, however, highly divergent and degenerated. By deep sequencing, we show that the two repeats give rise to an 8-nt 5′ handle and a 22-nt 3′ handle, respectively, i.e., the conserved elements of a canonical CRISPR RNA, indicating they both retained critical nucleotides for Cas6 processing during divergent degeneration. We also uncovered a minimal CreT toxin that sequesters the rare transfer RNA for isoleucine, tRNAIleCAU, with a six-codon open reading frame containing two consecutive AUA codons. To fully relieve its toxicity, both tRNAIleCAU overexpression and supply of extra agmatine (modifies the wobble base of tRNAIleCAU to decipher AUA codons) are required. By replacing AUA to AGA/AGG codons, we reprogrammed this toxin to sequester rare arginine tRNAs. These data provide essential information on CreTA origin and for future CreTA prediction, and enrich the knowledge of tRNA-sequestering small RNAs that are employed by CRISPR-Cas to get addictive to the host.

scholarly journals Altered Expression of Transfer-RNA-Derived Small RNAs in Human With Rheumatic Heart Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao-yu Yang ◽  
Peng-fei Li ◽  
Zhi-qing Li ◽  
Tao Tang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains a severe public health problem in developing countries. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a medical complication of RHD. Although the understanding of disease pathogenesis has advanced in recent years, the key questions need to be addressed. Transfer RNA–derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a novel type of short non-coding RNAs with potential regulatory functions in various physiological and pathological processes. The present study used tsRNAs sequencing to investigate the relationship between RHD and atrial fibrillation (AF). Three paired cardiac papillary muscles were taken from six rheumatic RHD patients with AF (3 cases) or without AF (3 cases) from January 2016 to January 2017 in Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. A total of 219 precisely matched tsRNAs were identified, and 77 tsRNAs (fold change > 2.0 and P < 0.05) were differently changed. Three tsRNAs (AS-tDR-001269, AS-tDR-001363, AS-tDR-006049) were randomly selected and confirmed by qRT-PCR. The results of qRT-PCR were consistent with tsRNAs sequencing, suggesting the tsRNAs sequencing was reliable. Subsequently, we predicted the target mRNAs of the three tsRNAs. Moreover, we verified the functions of tsRNAs targeting mRNAs in vitro. Finally, bioinformatics analysis indicated that the target genes were abundant in regulation of transcription, DNA binding, intracellular. Most of the genes were predicted to interplay with cytokine-cytokine receptor by KEGG analysis. Our findings uncover the pathological process of AF in RHD through tsRNAs sequencing. This research provides a new perspective for future research on elucidating the mechanism of AF in RHD and offers potential new candidates for the treatment and diagnosis.

scholarly journals Deciphering the tRNA-derived small RNAs: origin, development, and future

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bowen Liu ◽  
Jinling Cao ◽  
Xiangyun Wang ◽  
Chunlei Guo ◽  
Yunxia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subcellular Localization ◽  
Small Rnas ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Transfer Rna ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Small Noncoding Rnas ◽  
New Biomarkers

AbstractTransfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a novel category of small noncoding RNAs, are enzymatically cleaved from tRNAs. Previous reports have shed some light on the roles of tsRNAs in the development of human diseases. However, our knowledge about tsRNAs is still relatively lacking. In this paper, we review the biogenesis, classification, subcellular localization as well as action mechanism of tsRNAs, and discuss the association between chemical modifications of tRNAs and the production and functions of tsRNAs. Furthermore, using immunity, metabolism, and malignancy as examples, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs in diseases and evaluate the potential of tsRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. At the same time, we compile and introduce several resource databases that are currently publicly available for analyzing tsRNAs. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with research in this field and future directions.

scholarly journals The role of Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Digestive System Tumors

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (24) ◽  
pp. 7237-7245
Author(s):  
Ben-gang Wang ◽  
Li-rong Yan ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Xin-ping Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Small Rnas ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Transfer Rna
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