scholarly journals Transmission of Educational Outcomes Across Three Generations: Evidence From Migrant Workers’ Children in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Liu ◽  
Zihong Deng ◽  
Ilan Katz
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression

AbstractThe migration of parents or children may bring risks to children’s academic performance, but intergenerational effects on the academic performance of migrant workers’ children have been underexplored. This study aims to investigate how grandparents’ socioeconomic status (G1) and parents’ proximal and distal socioeconomic status (G2) influence the academic performance of migrant workers’ children (G3) and the corresponding impacts on the academic performance of migrant and left-behind children. The data used in this study were collected from a survey of 2017 migrant workers conducted in 13 districts and cities of 7 provinces of China in 2014. The results of ordered logistic regression models indicate that G1 grandparent socioeconomic status is positively associated with G2 academic performance and education level. Similarly, G2 parental academic performance and education level are positively linked to G3 academic performance. Parental distal academic performance and education level play an important role in G3 academic performance, but grandparents’ socioeconomic status is not significantly associated with G3 academic performance while controlling for both G1 and G2 variables. In addition, the influence of grandparents’ and parents’ socioeconomic status differs between migrant and left-behind children. Grandparent and parental occupation status only have a significant impact on left-behind children. The educational reproduction of migrant workers’ children has different logics among migrant and left-behind children. Further policies and social services are required to improve the development of migrant workers’ children.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccination Willingness among Chinese Adults under the Free Vaccination Policy

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Rugang Liu ◽  
Yuxun Zhang ◽  
Stephen Nicholas ◽  
Anli Leng ◽  
Elizabeth Maitland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Medical Insurance ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Vaccination Policy ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Professional Workers ◽  
Target Intervention

(1) Background: China will provide free coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations for the entire population. This study analyzed the COVID-19 vaccination willingness rate (VWR) and its determinants under China’s free vaccination policy compared to a paid vaccine. (2) Methods: Data on 2377 respondents were collected through a nationwide questionnaire survey. Multivariate ordered logistic regression models were specified to explore the correlation between the VWR and its determinants. (3) Results: China’s free vaccination policy for COVID-19 increased the VWR from 73.62% to 82.25% of the respondents. Concerns about the safety and side-effects were the primary reason for participants’ unwillingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Age, medical insurance and vaccine safety were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for both the paid and free vaccine. Income, occupation and vaccine effectiveness were significant determinants of the COVID-19 VWR for the free vaccine. (4) Conclusions: Free vaccinations increased the COVID-19 VWR significantly. People over the age of 58 and without medical insurance should be treated as the target intervention population for improving the COVID-19 VWR. Contrary to previous research, high-income groups and professional workers should be intervention targets to improve the COVID-19 VWR. Strengthening nationwide publicity and education on COVID-19 vaccine safety and effectiveness are recommended policies for decision-makers.

scholarly journals Catastrophic Household Expenditure Associated with Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Payments in Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Samuel López-López ◽  
Raúl del Pozo-Rubio ◽  
Marta Ortega-Ortega ◽  
Francisco Escribano-Sotos
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Household Expenditure ◽  
Financial Protection ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Out Of Pocket Payments ◽  
The Subject

Background. The financial effect of households’ out-of-pocket payments (OOP) on access and use of health systems has been extensively studied in the literature, especially in emerging or developing countries. However, it has been the subject of little research in European countries, and is almost nonexistent after the financial crisis of 2008. The aim of the work is to analyze the incidence and intensity of financial catastrophism derived from Spanish households’ out-of-pocket payments associated with health care during the period 2008–2015. Methods. The Household Budget Survey was used and catastrophic measures were estimated, classifying the households into those above the threshold of catastrophe versus below. Three ordered logistic regression models and margins effects were estimated. Results. The results reveal that, in 2008, 4.42% of Spanish households dedicated more than 40% of their income to financing out-of-pocket payments in health, with an average annual gap of EUR 259.84 (DE: EUR 2431.55), which in overall terms amounts to EUR 3939.44 million (0.36% of GDP). Conclusion. The findings of this study reveal the existence of catastrophic households resulting from OOP payments associated with health care in Spain and the need to design financial protection policies against the financial risk derived from facing these types of costs.

scholarly journals Self-Rated Health Status Based on the Type of Health Insurance: A Socioeconomic Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 004695802110281
Author(s):  
Minsung Sohn ◽  
Minsoo Jung ◽  
Mankyu Choi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Healthcare Coverage

To investigate the effects of public and private health insurance on self-rated health (SRH) status within the National Health Insurance (NHI) system based on socioeconomic status in South Korea. The data were obtained from 10 867 respondents of the Korea Health Panel (2008-2011). We used hierarchical panel logistic regression models to assess the SRH status. We also added the interaction terms of socioeconomic status and type of health insurance as moderators. Medical aid (MA) recipients were 2.10 times more likely to have a low SRH status than those who were covered only by the NHI, even though the healthcare utilization was higher. When the interaction terms were included, those not covered by the NHI and had completed elementary school or less were 16.59 times more likely to have a low SRH status than those covered by the NHI and had earned a college degree or higher. Expanding healthcare coverage to reduce the burden of non-payment and unmet use to improve the health status of MA beneficiaries should be considered. Particularly, the vulnerability of less-educated groups should be focused on.

scholarly journals Until Death Do Us Part. The Influence of Own and Partner’s Socioeconomic Status on the Health of Spanish Middle-Aged Population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (13) ◽  
pp. 4644
Author(s):  
Jordi Gumà ◽  
Jeroen Spijker
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health Differences ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Significant Health

Objectives: To explore whether the influence of a partner’s socioeconomic status (SES) on health has an additive or a combined effect with the ego’s SES. Methods: With data on 4533 middle-aged (30–59) different-sex couples from the 2012 Spanish sample of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) survey, we apply separate sex-specific logistic regression models to calculate predicted probabilities of having less than good self-perceived health according to individual and partner’s characteristics separately and combined. Results: Both approaches led to similar results: Having a partner with better SES reduces the probabilities of not having good health. However, the combined approach is more precise in disentangling SES effects. For instance, having a higher educated partner only benefits health among Spanish low-educated men, while men’s health is worse if they have a working spouse. Conversely, women’s health is positively influenced if at least one couple member is economically active. Conclusions: There are significant health differences between individuals according to their own and their partner’s SES in an apparently advantageous population group (i.e., individuals living with a partner). The combinative approach permits obtaining more precise couple-specific SES profiles.

Comparison between students and residents on determinants of willingness to separate waste and waste separation behaviour in Zhengzhou, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 949-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoping Dai ◽  
Yuping Han ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Liangji Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Management Policies ◽  
Waste Separation ◽  
Do So

A better understanding of willingness to separate waste and waste separation behaviour can aid the design and improvement of waste management policies. Based on the intercept questionnaire survey data of undergraduate students and residents in Zhengzhou City of China, this article compared factors affecting the willingness and behaviour of students and residents to participate in waste separation using two binary logistic regression models. Improvement opportunities for waste separation were also discussed. Binary logistic regression results indicate that knowledge of and attitude to waste separation and acceptance of waste education significantly affect the willingness of undergraduate students to separate waste, and demographic factors, such as gender, age, education level, and income, significantly affect the willingness of residents to do so. Presence of waste-specific bins and attitude to waste separation are drivers of waste separation behaviour for both students and residents. Improved education about waste separation and facilities are effective to stimulate waste separation, and charging on unsorted waste may be an effective way to improve it in Zhengzhou.

Cultural Links to Adolescent Weapon Carrying and Weapon Use

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-135
Author(s):  
Lacey N. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Weapon Carrying ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Contextual Determinants ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Cross National

Although existing cross-cultural studies of adolescence have focused on topics including fighting, bullying, and gangs, little cross-national research has centered on weapon carrying. However, weapon carrying among youth has been identified as a worldwide concern, with significant variation by nation and region. This variation is not well understood. This article investigates the nation-level cultural and contextual determinants of adolescent weapon carrying, specifically focusing on human development, governmental corruption, and a nation’s orientation toward violence. Data are drawn from 27 countries in the International Self-Report Delinquency Study, Wave Two. Analyses use multilevel logistic and ordered logistic regression models to assess associations with weapon carrying frequency, likelihood of carrying a weapon with friends, and age of weapon carrying onset. Results show that residing in a nation with less corruption is associated with a decrease in weapon carrying frequency, a later age of onset, and a lower likelihood of carrying a weapon with friends. Mixed results were found for interactions with a nation’s orientation toward violence. Possible explanations for these results, practical implications, and directions for future research are discussed.

A National Examination of Caregiver Use of and Preferences for Support Services: Does Rurality Matter?

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1652-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Henning-Smith ◽  
Megan Lahr ◽  
Michelle Casey
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Supportive Services ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
National Examination ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Use Of Services

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess rural–urban differences in caregiver use of and preferences for support services. Method: Using the 2015 Caregiving in the U.S. survey data ( n = 1,389), we analyzed rural–urban differences by caregiver residence in use of and preferences for support services. We analyzed bivariate differences in service use and preferences, as well as in sociodemographic and caregiving relationship characteristics. We also assessed the correlates of service use using stratified ordered logistic regression models. Results: Approximately one third of all caregivers had used no supportive services, with few differences in service use and preference by location. For caregivers in both locations, having more financial strain was associated with greater use of services. Discussion: This article identifies broad needs for caregiver support across all geographic locations. Targeted efforts should be made to ensure access to supportive services accounting for unique barriers by geography.

scholarly journals Children Left Behind in China: The Role of School Fees

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Anh H. Dang ◽  
Yang Huang ◽  
Harris Selod
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Urban Migrants ◽  
Children Left Behind ◽  
Public Education Spending

AbstractThe barriers faced by Chinese rural–urban migrants to access social services, particularly education, in host cities could help explain why the majority of them choose to leave their children behind. We identified the causal impacts of school fees by instrumenting for it with unexpected shocks to the city’s public education spending. Our findings suggest that higher fees deter migrant workers from bringing their children with them, especially their daughters, reduce the number of children they bring, and increase educational remittances to rural areas for the children left behind. Increases in school fees mostly affect vulnerable migrant workers and could have stronger impacts during an economic crisis. These findings hold for different model specifications and robustness checks.

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