The trafficking and behavior of cellulose synthase and a glimpse of potential cellulose synthesis regulators

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 377-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Logan Bashline ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Ying Gu
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Disruption of Very-Long-Chain-Fatty Acid Synthesis Has an Impact on the Dynamics of Cellulose Synthase in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1599
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhu ◽  
Frédérique Tellier ◽  
Ying Gu ◽  
Shundai Li
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain

In higher plants, cellulose is synthesized by membrane-spanning large protein complexes named cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs). In this study, the Arabidopsis PASTICCINO2 (PAS2) was identified as an interacting partner of cellulose synthases. PAS2 was previously characterized as the plant 3-hydroxy-acyl-CoA dehydratase, an ER membrane-localized dehydratase that is essential for very-long-chain-fatty acid (VLCFA) elongation. The pas2-1 mutants show defective cell elongation and reduction in cellulose content in both etiolated hypocotyls and light-grown roots. Although disruption of VLCFA synthesis by a genetic alteration had a reduction in VLCFA in both etiolated hypocotyls and light-grown roots, it had a differential effect on cellulose content in the two systems, suggesting the threshold level of VLCFA for efficient cellulose synthesis may be different in the two biological systems. pas2-1 had a reduction in both CSC delivery rate and CSC velocity at the PM in etiolated hypocotyls. Interestingly, Golgi but not post-Golgi endomembrane structures exhibited a severe defect in motility. Experiments using pharmacological perturbation of VLCFA content in etiolated hypocotyls strongly indicate a novel function of PAS2 in the regulation of CSC and Golgi motility. Through a combination of genetic, biochemical and cell biology studies, our study demonstrated that PAS2 as a multifunction protein has an important role in the regulation of cellulose biosynthesis in Arabidopsis hypocotyl.

scholarly journals A mutation in the catalytic domain of cellulose synthase 6 halts its transport to the Golgi apparatus

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (21) ◽  
pp. 6071-6083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sungjin Park ◽  
Bo Song ◽  
Wei Shen ◽  
Shi-You Ding
Keyword(s):  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Normal Transport

D395N in the catalytic domain of CESA6 interrupts its normal transport to the Golgi, which hampers its function in cellulose synthesis.

scholarly journals Identification of Putative Cell Wall Synthesis Genes in Betula pendula

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Chen ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
Xiyang Zhao ◽  
Su Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Betula Pendula ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Wall Structure ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cell Wall Synthesis ◽  
Secondary Cell Wall Synthesis

Abstract BackgroundCellulose is an essential structural component of plant cell wall and is an important resource to produce paper, textiles, bioplastics and other biomaterials. The synthesis of cellulose is among the most important but poorly understood biochemical processes, which is precisely regulated by internal and external cues.ResultsHere, we identified 46 gene models in 7 gene families which encoding cellulose synthase and related enzymes of Betula pendula, and the transcript abundance of these genes in xylem, root, leaf and flower tissues also be determined. Based on these RNA-seq data, we have identified 8 genes that most likely participate in secondary cell wall synthesis, which include 3 cellulose synthase genes and 5 cellulose synthase-like genes. In parallel, a gene co-expression network was also constructed based on transcriptome sequencing.ConclusionsIn this study, we have identified a total of 46 cell wall synthesis genes in B. pendula, which include 8 secondary cell wall synthesis genes. These analyses will help decipher the genetic information of the cell wall synthesis genes, elucidate the molecular mechanism of cellulose synthesis and understand the cell wall structure in B. pendula.

scholarly journals Three Distinct Rice Cellulose Synthase Catalytic Subunit Genes Required for Cellulose Synthesis in the Secondary Wall

2003 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsuyuki Tanaka ◽  
Kazumasa Murata ◽  
Muneo Yamazaki ◽  
Katsura Onosato ◽  
Akio Miyao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis

scholarly journals Analysis of a cellulose synthase catalytic subunit from the oomycete pathogen of crops Phytophthora capsici

Cellulose ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (15) ◽  
pp. 8551-8565
Author(s):  
Zhili Pang ◽  
Lauren S. McKee ◽  
Vaibhav Srivastava ◽  
Stefan Klinter ◽  
Sara M. Díaz-Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Major Reaction Product ◽  
Major Reaction ◽  
Oomycete Pathogen ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Phytophthora capsici Leonian is an important oomycete pathogen of crop vegetables, causing significant economic losses each year. Its cell wall, rich in cellulose, is vital for cellular integrity and for interactions with the host organisms. Predicted cellulose synthase (CesA) proteins are expected to catalyze the polymerization of cellulose, but this has not been biochemically demonstrated in an oomycete. Here, we present the properties of the four newly identified CesA proteins from P. capsici and compare their domain organization with that of CesAs from other lineages. Using a newly constructed glucosyltransferase-deficient variant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with low residual background activity, we have achieved successful heterologous expression and biochemical characterization of a CesA protein from P. capsici (PcCesA1). Our results demonstrate that the individual PcCesA1 enzyme produces cellobiose as the major reaction product. Co-immunoprecipitation studies and activity assays revealed that several PcCesA proteins interact together to form a complex whose multiproteic nature is most likely required for cellulose microfibril formation. In addition to providing important insights into cellulose synthesis in the oomycetes, our data may assist the longer term identification of cell wall biosynthesis inhibitors to control infection by pathogenic oomycetes.

scholarly journals BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 negatively regulates cellulose synthesis in Arabidopsis by phosphorylating cellulose synthase 1

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (13) ◽  
pp. 3533-3538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Sánchez-Rodríguez ◽  
KassaDee Ketelaar ◽  
Rene Schneider ◽  
Jose A. Villalobos ◽  
Chris R. Somerville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Cellulose Synthase Complex ◽  
A Subunit

The deposition of cellulose is a defining aspect of plant growth and development, but regulation of this process is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the protein kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a key negative regulator of brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, can phosphorylate Arabidopsis cellulose synthase A1 (CESA1), a subunit of the primary cell wall cellulose synthase complex, and thereby negatively regulate cellulose biosynthesis. Accordingly, point mutations of the BIN2-mediated CESA1 phosphorylation site abolished BIN2-dependent regulation of cellulose synthase activity. Hence, we have uncovered a mechanism for how BR signaling can modulate cellulose synthesis in plants.

scholarly journals Cellulose synthesis via the FEI2 RLK/SOS5 pathway and CELLULOSE SYNTHASE 5 is required for the structure of seed coat mucilage in Arabidopsis

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smadar Harpaz-Saad ◽  
Heather E. McFarlane ◽  
Shouling Xu ◽  
Uday K. Divi ◽  
Bronwen Forward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Coat ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Seed Coat Mucilage

Cellulose synthesis in maize: isolation and expression analysis of the cellulose synthase (CesA) gene family

Cellulose ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 287-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Appenzeller ◽  
Monika Doblin ◽  
Roberto Barreiro ◽  
Haiyin Wang ◽  
Xiaomu Niu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cesa Gene

scholarly journals Updating Insights into the Catalytic Domain Properties of Plant Cellulose synthase (CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) Proteins

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4335
Author(s):  
Gerasimos Daras ◽  
Dimitris Templalexis ◽  
Fengoula Avgeri ◽  
Dikran Tsitsekian ◽  
Konstantina Karamanou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Protein Isoforms ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Biotic Stresses

The wall is the last frontier of a plant cell involved in modulating growth, development and defense against biotic stresses. Cellulose and additional polysaccharides of plant cell walls are the most abundant biopolymers on earth, having increased in economic value and thereby attracted significant interest in biotechnology. Cellulose biosynthesis constitutes a highly complicated process relying on the formation of cellulose synthase complexes. Cellulose synthase (CesA) and Cellulose synthase-like (Csl) genes encode enzymes that synthesize cellulose and most hemicellulosic polysaccharides. Arabidopsis and rice are invaluable genetic models and reliable representatives of land plants to comprehend cell wall synthesis. During the past two decades, enormous research progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of cellulose synthesis and construction of the plant cell wall. A plethora of cesa and csl mutants have been characterized, providing functional insights into individual protein isoforms. Recent structural studies have uncovered the mode of CesA assembly and the dynamics of cellulose production. Genetics and structural biology have generated new knowledge and have accelerated the pace of discovery in this field, ultimately opening perspectives towards cellulose synthesis manipulation. This review provides an overview of the major breakthroughs gathering previous and recent genetic and structural advancements, focusing on the function of CesA and Csl catalytic domain in plants.

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