scholarly journals Nitrogen resorption and fractionation during leaf senescence in typical tree species in Japan

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 2053-2062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayako Enta ◽  
Mika Hayashi ◽  
Maximo Larry Lopez Caceres ◽  
Lei Fujiyoshi ◽  
Toshiro Yamanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Isotope Fractionation ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
The Other ◽  
Larix Kaempferi ◽  
Nitrogen Resorption ◽  
The Difference ◽  
N Resorption ◽  
Leaf N

Abstract In northeastern Japan, an area of high precipitation and mountains, beech (Fagus creanata Blume), larch (Larix kaempferi Lamb.), cedar (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) were evaluated for N resorption and N isotope fractionation in pre- and post-abscission leaves in comparison to green leaves. The highest leaf N concentration in summer corresponded to the N-fixing black locust, followed in decreasing order by the deciduous beech and larch and evergreen cedar. On the other hand, the lowest N resorption efficiency corresponded to black locust and the highest to beech, in increasing order by larch and cedar. All tree species returned significant amounts of N before leaf abscission; however, N isotope fractionation during leaf N resorption was only found for beech, with a depleted N isotope value from green to pre-abscission leaf. The most N, however, was resorbed from pre-abscission to post-abscission. This result may indicate that δ15N fractionation took place during N transformation processes, such as protein hydrolysis, when the concentration of free amino acids increased sharply. The difference in the type of amino acid produced by each species could have influenced the N isotope ratio in beech but not in the other tree species. The results of this study showed that it is possible to infer the type and timing of processes relevant to N resorption by analyzing leaf δ15N variation during senescence.

Analysis of the Inorganic Matter in Wood and Bark Proceeding from the Energetic Woodchips of the Plantation Grown Tree Species Robinia pseudoacacia via the AES-ICP

2016 ◽  
Vol 688 ◽  
pp. 218-225
Author(s):  
Ladislav Dzurenda ◽  
Ľubomir Pňakovič
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Woody Biomass ◽  
Average Density ◽  
Inorganic Elements ◽  
A Value ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
Poplar Trees

The paper presents the results of a quantitative analysis of the proportion of the following chemical elements: Ca, Mg, K, P, Mn, Zn and Fe in wood, bark and energetic woodchips produced from woody biomass of plantation grown clones: Ambiqua, Gori, Nyírségi, Rozaszin of the tree species Robinia pseudoacacia, which were cultivated by midi-rotation. Experimental works determined the average density of black locust wood ρ0W = 680.8 kg m-3 and of its bark ρ0B = 764.4 kg m-3. The AES-ICP technique determined the proportion of individual inorganic elements in dry wood and dry bark. The analyses show that the proportion of the analyzed inorganic elements in bark is 3.49 times higher than the proportion of these elements in wood. The largest proportion in the woody bark belongs to calcium, which proportion in wood is Ca = 3 965 mg.kg-1 and in bark is Ca = 18 698 mg.kg -1. Potassium shows also a higher proportion in bark than in wood with a value of K = 4 796 mg.kg-1, which is 1.73 times higher than in wood, Mg = 1 284 mg.kg-1, which is 2.81 times higher, phosphorus with the value P = 2 403 mg.kg-1, which is 4.04 times higher and iron Fe = 574 mg.kg-1 which is 4.86 times higher than in wood. Proportion of the analyses in energy woodchips is comparable to the proportion of these elements in the energy woodchips made of woody biomass produced from plantation grown clones of willow and alder. Woodchips made of black locust contain a higher proportion of calcium, it is by 25% higher than the upper limit of calcium in woody biomass from plantation grown poplar trees.

Nitrogen resorption and protein degradation during leaf senescence in Chenopodium album grown in different light and nitrogen conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuko Yasumura ◽  
Kouki Hikosaka ◽  
Tadaki Hirose
Keyword(s):  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Sink Strength ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Resorption ◽  
Protein Pool ◽  
N Resorption ◽  
Leaf N

The extent of nitrogen (N) resorption and the degradability of different protein pools were examined in senescing leaves of an annual herb, Chenopodium album L., grown in two light and N conditions. Both N resorption efficiency (REFF; the proportion of green-leaf N resorbed) and proficiency (RPROF; the level to which leaf N content is reduced by resorption) varied among different growth conditions. During leaf senescence, the majority of soluble and membrane proteins was degraded in all growth conditions. Structural proteins were also highly degradable, implying that no particular protein pool constitutes a non-retranslocatable N pool in the leaf. Leaf carbon/N ratio affected the timing and duration of senescing processes, but it did not regulate the extent of protein degradation or N resorption. Sink–source relationships for N in the plant exerted a more direct influence, depressing N resorption when N sink strength was weakened in the low-light and high-N condition. N resorption was, however, not enhanced in high-light and low-N plants with the strongest N sinks, possibly because it reached an upper limit at some point. We conclude that a combination of several physiological factors determines the extent of N resorption in different growth conditions.

scholarly journals Research in the mechanization of black locust renewal and planting

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Tamás Major ◽  
Imre Czupy ◽  
Attila László Horváth ◽  
Viktória Papp ◽  
Andrea Tünde Kiss
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Multiple Application ◽  
The Cost

Nowadays, the black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is the most current and the most widely used tree species in Hungary. Due to its penetration and the wide variety of application it’s worth to examine the different mechanization options of the reforestation technologies and their costs. We provided our research in the area of Nyírerdő Nyírségi Erdészeti Zrt. According to the tests it can be said, that the cost of the reforestations with root ripping is the most favourable and the reforestation or regeneration with planting costs the most. The disadvantage of the regeneration with root ripping is, that after its multiple application it can be observed the significantly degradation of the assortment composition and of the tree utilization income.

scholarly journals Effects of initial spacing on the stand structure and yield of young black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) stands

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rédei
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Early Phase ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Optimal Exploitation ◽  
Initial Spacing ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
The Right

The choice of the right initial spacing of stands is one of the most decisive operations of a successful afforestation. It is even more important in the case of fast growing tree species grown in plantations; it is expressed in their early phase of development and in wood quality. The results of a 5-year long experiment with four treatments will be presented in this paper. They proved the priority of an initial spacing of 1.61.0 m in the majority of quality This treatment has been proved optimal exploitation of growing space by the young trees.

scholarly journals Tree Species Distribution Change Study in Mount Tai Based on Landsat Remote Sensing Image Data

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Meng ◽  
Banghua Cao ◽  
Peili Mao ◽  
Chao Dong ◽  
Xidong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Percentage Decrease ◽  
Forestry Resources

Located in the Mount Tai state-owned forest farm, this study adopted Landsat multispectral remote sensing data in 2000 and 2016 on the GEE (Google Earth Engine) platform and selected four phases of images each year according to the phenological period. By dealing with the current situation map of forestry resources in 2000 and the field survey data in 2016, the samples of tree species distribution in 2000 and 2016 were obtained. On the basis of topographic correction with the empirical rotation model, this study used the random forest (RF) classifier to classify tree species from remote sensing images in 2000 and 2016, achieving high classification accuracy. The results showed that, after 16 years of evolution, the percentage of pine species in the forest decreased from 55.69% to 50.22%, with a percentage decrease as high as 5.47%. The percentage of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) increased from 10.15% in 2000 to 13.75% in 2016, with an increase of 3.60%. Quercus also had a positive growth in the area. This result reflected the expansion of black locust.

scholarly journals Wood Surface Finishing of Selected Invasive Tree Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-280
Author(s):  
Matjaž Pavlič ◽  
Jure Žigon ◽  
Marko Petrič
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Surface Finishing ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Tung Oil ◽  
Invasive Tree ◽  
Invasive Tree Species

Due to their strong renewal power, the invasive tree species are spreading rapidly, especially in abandoned agricultural and forest areas and along traffic routes and water courses. One way of their restriction is the promotion of their use. In our research, we investigated surface finishing of wood of five selected invasive species in Slovenia, Box elder (Acer negundo L.), Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) and Chinese sumac (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), and compared it with the finishing of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood. For coatings, we selected one-component waterborne finish on acrylate-polyurethane basis, one-component solventborne finish on polyurethane basis and tung oil as a natural finish. Several surface properties were investigated. We proved that surface hardness, resistance to impact and adhesion were very much related to interactions between the coating and the substrate, while resistance to cold liquids was only dependant on the type of the finish. It was also shown that, in general, finishing of woods of selected invasive tree species was not problematic. The only exception was Black locust wood on which tung oil cured very slowly.

scholarly journals Impact of Tree Age and Size on Selected Properties of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Wood

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 634
Author(s):  
Szymon Bijak ◽  
Hubert Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
Compression Strength ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia L ◽  
The Impact

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) is a non-native tree species that occupies a remarkable area in the forests of western Poland. It is mainly cultivated for the bee-keeping purposes as well as for its high quality wood. We investigated the impact of tree age and diameter on the selected structural, physical and mechanical attributes of wood of black locust that grows in conditions of mesic oligotrophic site. We analysed 200 samples originating from 18 trees that varied with age (38, 60 and 71 years old) and diameter (thin, medium and thick specimen selected according to Hartig’s method). Individual wood properties were determined along with corresponding European or Polish standards. Structural and mechanical attributes were determined for moisture of 12%. We found significant impact of tree age on tree-ring width, latewood proportion, density, oven-dry density, basic density, share of woody substance, porosity, as well as radial, tangential, longitudinal and volumetric shrinkage, compression strength parallel to grain, static bending, coefficient of compression strength parallel to grain and coefficient of static bending. The older the trees, the higher values of individual attributes were observed. In turn, the effect of tree diameter was less profound and no significant impact of that feature was found for latewood proportion, anisotropy and almost all of the shrinkage parameters. Thin trees exhibited the lowest values of the analysed parameters, while medium ones—the highest. In general, the highest technical quality of the investigated wood can be found in the youngest trees, whose wood characterises with the properties significantly exceeding native Polish tree species such as oak or beech.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF THERMAL INSULATION CAPACITY OF TREE BARK

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Пастори ◽  
Zoltan Pastori ◽  
Мохачине ◽  
Il'diko Mohachine ◽  
Горбачева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Coarse Fraction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
The Difference

The problem of industrial use of tree bark is relevant and has practical importance for complex processing of wood raw material. Barks are available in Hungary and Russia in large quantities, but they are not widely used for different purposes than producing energy. One of the perspective areas of utilization of tree bark is its use as raw material for the production of thermal insulation panels. The present study focuses on the thermal insulation capacity of tree bark. Thermal conductivity properties of two broadleaved (black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), pannónia poplar (Populus euramericana cv. Pannónia)) and three coniferous (larch (Larix decidua), spruce (Picea abies) and scots pine (Pinus silvestris)) tree species were examined. Based on these results, the scopes of the tested species were further narrowed, while the best results showing black locust was used for pressed insulation panel. Three different fractions were produced made of grained black locust bark. Furthermore, the heat insulation capacities of bark were investigated by compressing the chipped bark particles until the lowest heat conductivity was reached. Results show a competitive thermal insulation property to the traditionally used insulation materials, the value was 0.0613 W/mK reached by black locust bark chips. The broadleaved tree bark chips have a lower thermal conductivity than coniferous species. By using fine, mid, and coarse fraction of black locust bark were produced and the difference of thermal conductivity between them was negligible. Although the fine fractionated black locust bark chip thermal conductivity was 0.042 W/mK.

Intake by goats browsing kermes oak alone or choices of different browse combinations: implications for Mediterranean grazing systems

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Papachristou ◽  
Panayiotis D. Platis
Keyword(s):  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
White Mulberry ◽  
Kermes Oak

The objective of this study was to determine if (1) intake by goats of kermes oak (Quercus coccifera L.), the main forage in Mediterranean kermes oak shrublands, was affected by availability of white mulberry (Morus alba L.) and black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), two nutritious woody plants projected for introduction to Mediterranean grazing systems and (2) how a combination of the three species might influence the total intake by goats. The experiment consisted of a 9-day adaptation period, and 7 days of testing. Twenty-eight goats were used in four browse treatments (7 goats/treatment). In treatment 1, goats had kermes oak available during the entire feeding period, which lasted from 0800 to 1600 hours. In the other three treatments, goats had available kermes oak from 0800 to 1400 hours but from 1400 to 1600 hours had three different browse choices: kermes oak and black locust (treatment 2), kermes oak and white mulberry (treatment 3), and kermes oak, black locust and white mulberry (treatment 4). When goats were fed only kermes oak, their daily intake was lower (685 g/day DM; P ≤ 0.001) than when kermes oak was fed in combination with the other fodder browse (882, 811, and 1029 g/day for treatments 2, 3, and 4, respectively). Goats fed with browse combinations gained weight while those fed only kermes oak lost weight. In both feeding periods, goats in all treatments ingested similar amounts of kermes oak. However, the total intake in the second feeding period (kermes oak plus fodder browse) differed (P ≤ 0.001) among treatments, goats ate kermes oak + black locust + white mulberry (650 g DM) > kermes oak + black locust (530 g DM) > kermes oak + white mulberry (441 g DM) > kermes oak (287 g DM). These results indicate that the presence of nutritious fodder browse does not affect the consumption of kermes oak and suggest that goats browsing a variety of woody species will have a higher intake than goats browsing only kermes oak, and that the combination of all three browse species is best in terms of total intake.

scholarly journals Drying characteristics of wood of invasive tree species growing in an urban environment

Les/Wood ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Plavčak ◽  
Željko Gorišek ◽  
Aleš Straže ◽  
Maks Merela
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Drying Kinetics ◽  
Horse Chestnut ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Kinetics Of

Non-native tree species are increasingly growing in urban environments, where they are exposed to cultivation and pruning measures, and in many cases their growth becomes uncontrolled, even invasive. In such cases the structure of the wood is more heterogeneous, with more tyloses, discolorations and decay, and higher moisture content. The drying of such wood is more demanding and cannot rely on the standard drying schedules. Therefore, the drying kinetics of the boards (thickness 22 mm, 28 mm and 46 mm) of three wood species (black locust – Robinia pseudoacacia; box elder – Acer negundo and horse chestnut – Aesculus hippocastanum) were analysed at 20 °C and 40 °C. Additionally, the drying quality was assessed by determining the moisture content gradient, drying stresses and presence of typical drying defects. In the drying tests the moisture content gradients were relatively low in all species, so no high drying stresses were generated. Due to the expected high risk of collapse, careful drying of green maple was needed, to prevent board twisting when a pronounced number of knots and greater fibre deviation occurred. Half-drying times indicated the longer drying of thicker black locust boards, and very careful drying of maple. We confirmed the usability of the half-drying time to compare the drying kinetics of different wood species and assortments.

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