A Rare Case of Cysticercosis Involving the Whole Spinal Canal

Abstract Background Cysticercosis is the commonest parasitic disease to affect the central nervous system (CNS). However, cysticercosis affecting the spine is extremely rare. We reported a rare case of cysticercosis involving the whole spinal canal in China. Case Presentation A rare case of cysticercosis involving the entire spinal cord, in a 52-year-old Chinese man, was detected in 2021. Epidemiological investigation, clinical and etiological examination was performed. Conclusion Since spinal cysticercosis is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease, clinicians should always consider the differential diagnosis of space-occupying lesions.

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Posaconazole Alone and in Combination with Caspofungin for Treatment of Experimental Exserohilum rostratum Meningoencephalitis: Developing New Strategies for Treatment of Phaeohyphomycosis of the Central Nervous System

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof6010033 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 33

Author(s):

Ruta Petraitiene ◽

Vidmantas Petraitis ◽

BoBo Win Maung ◽

Ethan Naing ◽

Povilas Kavaliauskas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Study Groups ◽

Oral Formulation ◽

Paravertebral Muscle ◽

Fungal Burden ◽

Exserohilum Rostratum ◽

Life Threatening ◽

The Central Nervous System

Phaeohyphomycosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a life-threatening infection associated with severe morbidity. New approaches to treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis are critically needed. We therefore studied posaconazole with or without caspofungin for treatment of experimental CNS phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exserohilum rostratum. Each clinical isolate of E. rostratum isolate was inoculated intracisternally with 1.0 × 106 microconidia to fully anesthetized New Zealand White rabbits. Profound persistent neutropenia and immunosuppression were established and maintained using cytarabine and methylprednisolone, respectively. Study groups consisted of posaconazole suspension administered as oral formulation at 10 (PSC10) or 20 (PSC20) mg/kg, caspofungin (CFG) at 2 mg/kg intravenously (IV), combinations of PSC10+CFG or PSC20+CFG, and untreated controls (UC). Posaconazole produced a significant reduction of residual fungal burden of E. rostratum in cerebrum, cerebellum, spinal cord, and paravertebral muscle (p < 0.01), in comparison to UC. The combination of PSC10+CFG and PSC20+CFG achieved full clearance of residual fungal burden from cerebrum, while only PSC20+CFG treated rabbits demonstrated clearance from cerebellum, spinal cord, and paravertebral muscle (p < 0.01). These data correlated with the significant reduction of CSF (1→3)-β-d-glucan levels in rabbits treated with PSC20 and PSC20+CFG in comparison to those of UC (p < 0.05). Posaconazole alone or in combination with caspofungin demonstrated significant antifungal efficacy in the treatment of experimental E. rostratum meningoencephalitis and warrants further study for treatment of CNS phaeohyphomycosis.

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Papillary Meningioma: Case Presentation with Emphasis on Surgical and Medical Therapy of a Rare Variant of Meningioma

Diseases ◽

10.3390/diseases9030063 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 63

Author(s):

Gerardo Cazzato ◽

Valeria Internò ◽

Antonietta Cimmino ◽

Raffaella Messina ◽

Marco Tucci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Rare Case ◽

Point Of View ◽

Molecular Characteristics ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Papillary Meningioma ◽

Risk Of Progression ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Histological Characteristics

Meningioma is one of the most frequent neoplasms of all in the central nervous system. Different variants are known, and of these some have peculiar characteristics, both from a morphological point of view and from a biological point of view. Here, we present a rare case of relapsed papillary meningioma in a young patient, focusing on histological characteristics, medical-surgical therapy and focusing on the risk of progression and/or recurrence of the lesion if not completely eradicated. Finally, we provide detailed molecular characteristics of the case in question.

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Central Nerve System Impairment, AMA Guides, Sixth Edition: An Overview

Guides Newsletter ◽

10.1001/amaguidesnewsletters.2018.janfeb03 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 10-13

Author(s):

James B. Talmage ◽

Jay Blaisdell

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Neurological Impairment ◽

Sixth Edition ◽

Central Nerve System ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The One ◽

Nerve System ◽

The Brain

Abstract Injuries that affect the central nervous system (CNS) can be catastrophic because they involve the brain or spinal cord, and determining the underlying clinical cause of impairment is essential in using the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), in part because the AMA Guides addresses neurological impairment in several chapters. Unlike the musculoskeletal chapters, Chapter 13, The Central and Peripheral Nervous System, does not use grades, grade modifiers, and a net adjustment formula; rather the chapter uses an approach that is similar to that in prior editions of the AMA Guides. The following steps can be used to perform a CNS rating: 1) evaluate all four major categories of cerebral impairment, and choose the one that is most severe; 2) rate the single most severe cerebral impairment of the four major categories; 3) rate all other impairments that are due to neurogenic problems; and 4) combine the rating of the single most severe category of cerebral impairment with the ratings of all other impairments. Because some neurological dysfunctions are rated elsewhere in the AMA Guides, Sixth Edition, the evaluator may consult Table 13-1 to verify the appropriate chapter to use.

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METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.0440475 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 475-480 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. Grinberg

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Optic Nerve ◽

Pituitary Gland ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Pituitary Glands ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Tentative Explanation

ABSTRACT Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal. The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking. A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.

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Bioelectrodes for Neural Prostheses

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-55-265 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

F. Terry Hambrecht

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Urinary Bladder ◽

Cochlear Implants ◽

Neural Prostheses ◽

The Future ◽

Spinal Cord Disorders ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Auditory Prostheses

ABSTRACTNeural prostheses which are commercially available include cochlear implants for treating certain forms of deafness and urinary bladder evacuation prostheses for individuals with spinal cord disorders. In the future we can anticipate improvements in bioelectrodes and biomaterials which should permit more sophisticated devices such as visual prostheses for the blind and auditory prostheses for the deaf based on microstimulation of the central nervous system.

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Some Points in the Histology of Lymphogenous and Hæmatogenous Toxic Lesions of the Spinal Cord

Journal of Mental Science ◽

10.1192/bjp.54.226.560 ◽

1908 ◽

Vol 54 (226) ◽

pp. 560-561

Author(s):

David Orr ◽

R. G. Rows

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Sciatic Nerve ◽

Morphological Type ◽

Broth Culture ◽

Anatomical Distribution ◽

Tabes Dorsalis ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Brain

At a quarterly meeting of this Association held last year at Nottingham, we showed the results of our experiments with toxins upon the spinal cord and brain of rabbits. Our main conclusion was, that the central nervous system could be infected by toxins passing up along the lymph channels of the perineural sheath. The method we employed in our experiments consisted in placing a celloidin capsule filled with a broth culture of an organism under the sciatic nerve or under the skin of the cheek; and we invariably found a resulting degeneration in the spinal cord or brain, according to the situation of the capsule. These lesions we found to be identical in morphological type and anatomical distribution with those found in the cord of early tabes dorsalis and in the brain and cord of general paralysis of the insane. The conclusion suggested by our work was that these two diseases, if toxic, were most probably infections of lymphogenous origin.

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The Golgi Material of the Neurones of the Central Nervous System of Sheep Infected with Louping-Ill

Journal of Cell Science ◽

10.1242/jcs.s3-88.1.55 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol s3-88 (1) ◽

pp. 55-63

Author(s):

R. A. R. GRESSON ◽

I. ZLOTNIK

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Purkinje Cells ◽

Medulla Oblongata ◽

Motor Nerve ◽

Pyramidal Cells ◽

Cell Processes ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Louping Ill

1. The Golgi material of the pyramidal cells of the cerebral cortex, the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and the multipolar cells of the medulla oblongata and ventral horns of the spinal cord of the sheep is present as filaments and as irregularly shaped bodies. In some of the cells, particularly in the lamb (Sheep V), the Golgi material has the appearance of a network. As it is frequently present as separate bodies it is suggested that it may always consist of discrete Golgi elements which are sometimes situated in close proximity or in contact with one another. Filamentous Golgi elements are present in the basal part of the cell processes. 2. An examination of neurones from the corresponding regions of the central nervous system of sheep infected experimentally with louping-ill showed that the Golgi material undergoes changes consequent upon the invasion of the cells by the virus. The Golgi material undergoes hypertrophy, and at the same time there is a reduction in the number of filamentous Golgi elements and a reduction in the amount of Golgi substance present in the cell processes. These changes are followed by fragmentation. All the neurones of a particular region are not affected equally at the same time. The Golgi material of the Purkinje cells tends to form groups in the cytoplasm prior to fragmentation. In the multipolar cells of the medulla oblongata the hypertrophy of the Golgi material is not as great as in the other regions of the central nervous system. The Golgi material of the motor nerve-cells of the ventral horns of the spinal cord undergoes considerable hypertrophy which is followed by a grouping of the Golgi elements and fragmentation.

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Suppurative infectious diseases of the central nervous system in domestic ruminants

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2017000800007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 37 (8) ◽

pp. 820-828 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Guilherme Konradt ◽

Daniele M. Bassuino ◽

Klaus S. Prates ◽

Matheus V. Bianchi ◽

Gustavo G.M. Snel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Neurological Disease ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Domestic Ruminants ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Positive Immunostaining

ABSTRACT: This study describes suppurative infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) in domestic ruminants of southern Brazil. Reports from 3.274 cattle, 596 sheep and 391 goats were reviewed, of which 219 cattle, 21 sheep and 7 goats were diagnosed with central nervous system inflammatory diseases. Suppurative infectious diseases of the CNS corresponded to 54 cases (28 cattle, 19 sheep and 7 goats). The conditions observed consisted of listerial meningoencephalitis (8 sheep, 5 goats and 4 cattle), suppurative leptomeningitis and meningoencephalitis (14 cattle, 2 goats and 1 sheep), cerebral (6 cattle and 2 sheep), and spinal cord (7 sheep) abscesses, and basilar empyema (4 cattle and 1 sheep). Bacterial culture identified Listeria monocytogenes (9/54 cases), Escherichia coli (7/54 cases), Trueperella pyogenes (6/54 cases) and Proteus mirabilis (1/54 cases). All cases diagnosed as listeriosis through histopathology yielded positive immunostaining on immunohistochemistry, while 12/17 of the cases of suppurative leptomeningitis and meningoencephalitis presented positive immunostaining for Escherichia coli. Meningoencephalitis by L. monocytogenes was the main neurological disease in sheep and goats, followed by spinal cord abscesses in sheep. In cattle, leptomeningitis and suppurative meningoencephalitis was the most frequent neurological disease for the species, and E. coli was the main cause of these lesions. Basilar empyema, mainly diagnosed in cattle, is related to traumatic injuries, mainly in the nasal cavity, and the main etiologic agent was T. pyogenes.

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Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with distant spinal cord metastasis: case and MR-imaging

Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Immunopathology ◽

10.24287/1726-1708-2020-19-4-158-164 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 158-164

Author(s):

N. A. Strumila ◽

A. S. Krasnov ◽

M. M. Andrianov ◽

G. V. Teresсhenko

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽

Distant Metastases ◽

Good Prognosis ◽

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (eRMS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas in children, accounting for 4.5% of all childhood tumors. Half of the eRMS occuring in the head and neck are parameningeal. About 40% of patients with eRMS can develop distant metastases. In patients with intracranial tumors, metastatic spread can occur along the central nervous system (CNS) meninges. The literature describes only 4 clinical cases of eRMS with distant metastases in the spinal cord and along the meninges. Only in two out of these four cases, CSF cytology was positive (meaning that tumor cells were detected in cerebrospinal fluid). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the central nervous system with contrast enhancement can be used to detect distant metastases in the CNS and meninges. We present a clinical case of a 4-year old girl with parameningeal eRMS. MRI of the CNS performed as part of a diagnostic check-up revealed nodal metastatic foci along the meninges of the spinal cord. In accordance with the treatment protocol, the patient was diagnosed with stage 4 disease and received intensive polychemotherapy resulting in the disappearance of the nodal lesions in the spinal cord and a good prognosis. The parents gave their consent to the use of their child's data, including photographs, for research purposes and in publications.

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