Evaluating the In Vitro Metabolism of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Sheep Rumen Fluid

Previous studies (El Shaer, Omed and Axford, 1987; Akhter, Owen, Fall, O'Donovan and Theodorou, 1994) with the two-stage in vitro procedure of Tilley and Terry (1963) have shown a high correlation between digestibilities of forages as determined using either sheep rumen liquor, sheep faeces or cow faeces as the microbial inoculum. In the first study of the of the present investigation one objective was to examine the repeatability of these digestibility measurements when made on different occasions. A second objective was to assess whether the correlations between faecal and rumen fluid based inocula could be improved if microorganisms were obtained from pairs rather than individual animals. The objective in the second study using forages of known in vivo digestibility, was to investigate the effect of freezing or freeze-drying of faeces on the repeatability of digestibilities of forages determined in vitro using micro-organisms from cow faeces.

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A comparative study of ruminal activity in Churra and Merino sheep offered alfalfa hay

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800016374 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 121-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

M. J. Ranilla ◽

M. D. Carro ◽

C. Valdés ◽

F. J. Giráldez ◽

S. López

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Merino Sheep ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Fermentation Parameters ◽

Micro Organisms ◽

Kinetics Of

AbstractA study was carried out to compare the fermentation parameters and kinetics of digestion of a range of different foods in the rumen of two breeds of sheep (Churra and Merino). Ten mature sheep (five Churra and five Merino), each fitted with a rumen cannula, were used in this study. In situ rumen degradability of both dry matter (DM) and cell wall was greater in Churra than in Merino sheep, the breed differences being significant for most of the foods used in the study (P < 0·05). These differences were greater when the foods had a higher cell wall concentration and this could be related to differences in the ruminal environment. However, when the foods were incubated with rumen fluid their in vitro organic matter (OM) degradability was similar in both breeds. Rumen pH was higher (P < 0·05) and ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0·05) in Churra than in Merino sheep. Rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations tended to be higher in Merino than in Churra sheep, though differences were only significant just before feeding (P < 0·05). The ratio acetate: propionate was higher in the Churra than Merino breed before and 12 h after feeding (P < 0·05). Protozoa numbers in rumen liquid were similar for both genotypes. The greater degradation of forages in the rumen of Churra sheep is discussed in relation to the possible higher activity of fibre-degrading micro-organisms and the greater buffering capacity of the rumen contents against fermentation acids, which could result in more favourable conditions for the microbial degradation of foods in the rumen.

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Effect of glucose on fermentation heat in sheep rumen fluid in vitro

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19860109 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 305-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Arieli

Keyword(s):

Heat Production ◽

High Glucose ◽

Infinite Dilution ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Heat Production Rate ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Effect Of Glucose ◽

Dose Dependent Increase ◽

Dose Dependent

1. Heat production rate (H) of rumen fluid was measured in a direct calorimeter, Basal H of samples of 15 ml rumen fluid mixed with 45 ml buffer was 0.4 mW/ml rumen fluid.2. Addition of glucose (0.4–6.4 mg/sample) was followed by a dose-dependent increase in H. Maximal H was 1.1 rnW/ml and lasted up to 5 min, returning thereafter to the basal level.3. Expression of fermentation heat (Hf; kJ/mol substrate added) against glucose dose indicated an asymptotic dose response.4. Maximal Hf(at infinite dilution) agreed with stoichiometric calculations whereas minimal Hfsuggested a partial fermentation of the substrate at a high-glucose dose in the rumen environment.

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Estimation of the degradability of dietary protein in the sheep rumen by in vivo and in vitro procedures

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19850139 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 545-561 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

R. C Siddons ◽

J Paradine ◽

D. L. Gale ◽

R. T. Evans

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Flow Measurements ◽

Fractional Rate ◽

Outflow Rate ◽

Bean Meal ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Soya Bean Meal ◽

Microbial N

1. Estimates of degradability of nitrogen in the sheep rumen for a basal hay diet and for soya-bean meal (SBM), groundnut meal (GNM) and fish meal (FM), when given together with the hay, were determined from measurements of (1) duodenal N flow, (2) ammonia kinetics and (3) rumen N disappearance from polyester bags and rumen outflow rate. The ability of various in vitro procedures to predict in vivo N degradability was also examined.2. Four sheep were given a basal hay diet (800 g dry matter (DM) and 19 g N/d) either alone or supplemented with isonitrogenous amounts (15 g N/d) of SBM, GNM or FM. Duodenal non-ammonia-N flow (g/d) was increased more by FM (8.0) than by GNM (5.9) and SBM (5.8), whilst microbial N flow (g/d) was increased more by SBM (3.9) than by GNM (2.3) and FM (1.6). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.88, 0.76 and 0.57 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively. The corresponding value for hay was calculated to be 0.76.3. The irreversible loss of ammonia in the forestomachs (g N/d) was increased more by SBM (11.9) than by GNM (7.2) and FM (5.8) whilst ammonia outflow from the rumen (g N/d) was increased to a similar extent by all supplements ( I.1, 0.9 and 0.8 respectively), as was the amount of microbial N (g/d) synthesized from sources other than rumen ammonia (1.8, 2.0 and 1.9 respectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.84, 0.54 and 0.45 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively.4. The fractional rate of N disappearance (/h) when the feedstuffs were incubated in polyester bags in the rumen of sheep receiving the basal hay diet (800 g DM/d) was the highest for SBM (0,145) and lowest for FM (0.037), with the hay (0.082) and GNM (0.071) intermediate, whilst the fractional outflow rates from the rumen (/h) of the three supplements were similar (0.034, 0.038 and 0,030 for SBM, GNM and FM espectively). N degradability values calculated from these results were 0.82, 0.67 and 0.60 for the SBM, GNM and FM respectively; the value for the hay was 0.73.5. Of a number of in vitro procedures tested, only N solubility in sodium hydroxide and ammonia or total non-protein-N (NPN) production during incubation with rumen fluid in the absence of hydrazine sulphate ranked the supplements, although not the hay, in the same order as the in vivo degradability procedures. In terms of absolute values, N solubility in NaOH, at room temperature, gave estimates similar to those derived from the duodenal flow measurements; estimates derived from ammonia and total NPN production were lower.

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Influence of saponins and sapogenins on the bacteriolytic activity of ciliate protozoa from the sheep rumen

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0308229600033018 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 88-88

Author(s):

B. Teferedegne ◽

P.O. Osuji ◽

A. Odenyo ◽

R. J. Wallace ◽

C.J. Newbold

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Sesbania Sesban ◽

Leguminous Tree ◽

Bacteriolytic Activity ◽

Rumen Protozoa ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Possible Cause ◽

Ciliate Protozoa

Foliage from the tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, is toxic to rumen protozoa in vitro, due to materials present in a saponins-containing extract of the foliage (Newbold et al. 1997). Suppression of protozoal numbers in vivo when S. sesban is added to the diet is either transient or non-existent, however, even though washed protozoa remain sensitive to S. sesban in vitro (Newbold et al. 1997, Odenyo et al. 1997). A possible reason is that saponins are metabolised in rumen fluid (Makkar and Becker 1997). The aims of this study were to determine if the antiprotozoal effect of different accessions of S. sesban was related to their saponins composition, and if conversion of saponins to their sapogenin derivatives was a possible cause of the loss of the antiprotozoal effect in vivo.

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The nutritive value of stackburned yellow maize for livestock: tests in vitro and in broiler chicks

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19960012 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 76 (1) ◽

pp. 97-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Panigrahi ◽

L.A. Bestwick ◽

R.H. Davis ◽

C. D. Wood

Keyword(s):

Dietary Fibre ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Broiler Chicks ◽

Maillard Reaction Products ◽

Total Dietary Fibre ◽

Sheep Rumen

Differences in the nutritive value of four grades of stackburned yellow maize, obtained from a single storage unit in Mozambique, were examined. Samples were analysed for chemical composition, and subjected to the following in vitro assays for estimating digestibility: total dietary fibre and pancreatin for non-ruminants, and gas production using sheep rumen fluid for ruminant livestock. Samples were also fed to broiler chicks at 600 g/kg diet in a growth trial. There were no significant differences in crude protein contents of the maize samples, but there was evidence for the development of Maillard reaction products. Detectable amino acids were lower in discoloured maize, with decreases of 52% in lysine, 35% in arginine, and 15% in glycine concentration in the most severely discoloured sample compared with control. Total starch, reducing sugar, acid-detergent fibre a d amylase-neutral-detergent fibre values increased, while total non-reducing sugar content decreased with increased discolouration. Total dietary fibre and pancreatin assays indicated a lowering in digestibility of maize with increasing discolouration. Weight gain of chicks (P=0·0228), efficiency of feed utilization (P=0·0009) and the metabolizable energy value of diets decreased (P<0·0001) with increasing stackburn discolouration. There were no significant effects on N retention of diets. In vitro fermentation using sheep rumen fluid showed a linear decrease in gas production with increasing maize discolouration, indicating a reduction in rumen degradability with stackburn

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Idendification of sulphur-rich proteins which resist rumen degradation and are hydrolysed rapidly by intestinal proteases

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19940090 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 855-863 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Kerrie R. Hancock ◽

Paul M. Ealing ◽

Derek W.R. White

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Sodium Dodecyl ◽

Essential Amino Acids ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Foreign Proteins ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Pasture Plants

Several proteins with high proportions of S-containing essential amino acids were incubated in sheep rumen fluid in vitro and their rate of digestion was examined by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. The S-rich proteins rice prolamin (10 kDa), maize zein (10 kDa) and the 3·2 kDa pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima L.) trypsin inhibitor-1 (CMTI-1) were highly resistant to rumen fluid degradation, relative to control proteins of known degradation rate (casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and pea (Pisum sativum) albumin-1 (PA1)). Comparison of PA1 and a recombinant N-terminal epitope-tagged PA1 indicated that addition of the epitope caused a slight increase in resistance to rumen degradation. The proteins were also incubated with a mixture of trypsin (EC 3·4·21·4) and chymotrypsin (EC 3·4·21.1). PA1, BSA and casein were hydrolysed less rapidly than rice prolamin, maize zein and CMTI-1. Digestion by these intestinal proteases appeared to be complete. Thus, the prolamin, zein and CMTI-1 proteins are suitable candidates for expression as foreign proteins in pasture plants to increase throughput and uptake of essential amino acids in sheep.

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169 Effects of dietary supplements rich in docosahexaenoic acid on in vitro fermentation and microbial composition of lamb rumen fluid

Animal - science proceedings ◽

10.1016/j.anscip.2021.03.170 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Johanna Brans ◽

Fernanda Godoy-Santos ◽

Omar Cristobal-Carballo ◽

Eva Lewis ◽

Nigel Scollan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

In Vitro Fermentation

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Influence of saponins and sapogenins on the bacteriolytic activity of ciliate protozoa from the sheep rumen

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200597403 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 1998 ◽

pp. 88-88

Author(s):

B. Teferedegne ◽

P.O. Osuji ◽

A. Odenyo ◽

R. J. Wallace ◽

C.J. Newbold

Keyword(s):

Rumen Fluid ◽

Sesbania Sesban ◽

Leguminous Tree ◽

Bacteriolytic Activity ◽

Rumen Protozoa ◽

Sheep Rumen ◽

Possible Cause ◽

Ciliate Protozoa

Foliage from the tropical leguminous tree, Sesbania sesban, is toxic to rumen protozoa in vitro, due to materials present in a saponins-containing extract of the foliage (Newbold et al. 1997). Suppression of protozoal numbers in vivo when S. sesban is added to the diet is either transient or non-existent, however, even though washed protozoa remain sensitive to S. sesban in vitro (Newbold et al. 1997, Odenyo et al. 1997). A possible reason is that saponins are metabolised in rumen fluid (Makkar and Becker 1997). The aims of this study were to determine if the antiprotozoal effect of different accessions of S. sesban was related to their saponins composition, and if conversion of saponins to their sapogenin derivatives was a possible cause of the loss of the antiprotozoal effect in vivo.

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