Effect of Diets Supplemented with Different Levels of Manganese, Zinc, and Copper from their Organic or Inorganic Sources on Egg Production and Quality Characteristics in Laying Hens

Sorghum is the primary alternative feedstuff for corn in some developed countries in the production of poultry. Thus, four hundred and fifty 32 weeks old Lohmann Brown laying hens were used in a study to evaluate the effect of replacing maize with sorghum with or without enzymes supplementation, on egg laying performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens. Birds were distributed randomly into six dietary treatments with three replicates per treatment, each replicate had 25 birds with uniform initial group weights. The treatments included maize without enzymes (T1); sorghum without enzymes (T2); as controls respectively, while T3, T4, T5, and T6 contained sorghum based diets with phytase, protease, G2G, and a combination of protease and G2G respectively. Laying performance, cost of production, and egg quality characteristics were determined for the period of the trial, 33-56 weeks of age of the birds. All data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance, using the completely randomized design (CRD) and significant differences among treatment means were compared using the Tukey test. Significant (p<0.05) differences were observed among dietary treatments but with no defined trend observed for egg production traits. Daily feed intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in maize control diet compared to the other treatments. Diets supplemented with phytase (T3), protease (14), and combination of protease and roxazyme G2G (T6) had significantly (p<0.05) better feed conversion ratio with T3 having the lowest value of 4.01 compared to the other treatments. For feed cost/dozen egg (N), Kg feed/dozen eggs, income above feed cost at N30 per egg, and income above control treatment; phytase (T3), protease (T4), roxazyme 626 (T5), and protease + roxacyme G2G (T6) diets in this study showed better performance than the control. Sorghum diet without enzyme had significantly (p<0.05) least performance for egg number. Hen housed egg production (HHP) and hen day egg production (HDP) compared to the other treatments while sorghum diet with phytase had the highest value (60.12g/day) for average egg weight compared to the other treatments. Egg quality characteristics showed the best performance for dietary treatments supplemented with phytase (T3) in all the other parameters considered, apart from the albumen height, yolk diameter, and yolk index. It was concluded therefore, that sorghum with phytase and protease supplementations can be used in layers' diets as a substitute for maize for optimum egg production.

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The effect of raw soybeans in mixtures for laying hens on production performance and the relative weight of the pancreas

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1401115p ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 115-123

Author(s):

V. Petricevic ◽

M. Lukic ◽

Z. Pavlovski ◽

Z. Skrbic ◽

Z. Jokic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Production Performance ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Body Weights ◽

Standard Level ◽

Production Body ◽

Different Levels

The study was conducted on Isa Brown hybrid hens at the age of 49-57 weeks. The effect of using different levels of share of raw soybean of two varieties in mixtures for feeding hens on egg production, body weight, food consumption, the occurrence of defective eggs, mortality and the relative weight of the pancreas was studied. The possibility of replacing the heat-treated soybean grains, varieties Lana, with reduced trypsin inhibitor (TI) and Lydia with a standard level of TI, with raw soybean grains was examined. The research was conducted on the principle of two factorial experiment 2 x 4 (2 varieties x 4 levels of share of raw grain in the mixture) with a total of 8 diet treatments and 4 replicates per each treatment. In the first 5 weeks of the study, the differences in the number of eggs produced under the influence of tested factors were not significant. Under the influence of soybean varieties, the level of share of raw soybean and interaction of the studied factors showed significant differences (p<0.01) after 53 week of age. The use of soy with lower TI in the diet for laying hens resulted in a significantly greater capacity compared to standard variety. The share of raw soybean grains of 8 % in the mixtures significantly reduced the number of eggs laid. The differences in body weights, food consumption, occurrence of defective eggs and the relative weight of the pancreas were not significantly influenced by the studied factors or by their interaction effect.

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The performance and egg quality characteristics of layers fed diets containing graded levels of Garcinia kola seed meal

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v40i2.1163 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

A. C. Esiegwu ◽

O. O. Emenalom ◽

G. E. Enyenihi ◽

I. C. Okoli ◽

A. B. I. Udedibie

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Shape Index ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Garcinia Kola ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Egg Shell

Effects of dietary Garcinia kola meal (bitter kola) on the performance and egg quality characteristics of laying hens were investigated. Four layers diets were made such that diet T0 (control) contained no Garcinia kola meal while diets T2.5, T5.0 and T7.5 contained 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% Garcinia kola meal, respectively. Each diet was fed to a group of 30 laying hens at 30 weeks of laying life for 84 days, using completely randomized design (CRD). Each group was further sub-divided into three replicates of 10 hens each. The layers on T2.5 and T5.0 diets added significantly (P < 0.05) less body weight than those on T0 and T7.5 diets. There were no significant differences in their feed intake (P > 0.05). T2.5 significantly (P < 0.05) depressed hen-day egg production but enhanced egg weight. Feed conversion ratio (g feed/ g egg) was not affected by the treatments (P > 0.05). Egg quality indices (egg shape index, egg specific gravity, Haugh unit, egg shell thickness, albumen index and yolk index) were not affected by the treatments (P > 0.05). Egg shell index was significantly (P<0.05) enhanced by Garcinia kola meal. At 2.5% level, it significantly enhanced percent albumin and reduced percent yolk (P<0.05). Cost of egg production (N/kg eggs) was adversely increased as the level of Garcinia kola meal increased.

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The effect of dietary Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) on performance, egg quality characteristics and egg cholesterol content in laying hens

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/3950-cjas ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 51 (No. 8) ◽

pp. 349-354 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Yildiz ◽

P. Sacakli ◽

T. Gungor

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Jerusalem Artichoke ◽

Live Weight ◽

Cholesterol Content ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Metabolizable Energy ◽

Control Group

This research was carried out to determine the effect of Jerusalem artichoke (JA) with or without 5, 10% vetch (V) supplementation on performance, egg quality characteristics and egg cholesterol content. In the study, seventy-five 25 weeks-old commercial white laying hens were randomly divided into one control and 4 treatment groups each containing 15 hens. Control group was fed basal diet without JA or V. Treatment group 1, 2, 3 and 4 were fed diets containing 5% V, 5% JA, 5% JA + 5% V and 10% JA + 10% V, respectively. The feeding period lasted 16 weeks. In the study, it was determined that dried-ground JA contained dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, crude ash, inulin and metabolizable energy (ME) at the level of 93.30, 10.02, 0.36, 5.64, 9.05, 15.80% and 3 060 kcal/kg, respectively. At the end of the study, live weight was lower by 4.36–10.09% in the treatment group 10% JA + 10% V compared with the other groups, but feed efficiency was improved in this group. There were statistically significant differences between the groups in egg quality characteristics (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). Egg production was not affected by supplementation of 5, 10% JA with or without 5, 10% V supplementation. Egg yolk cholesterol and total cholesterol content were not different in the groups (P > 0.05). As a result, the addition of JA with or without V has no adverse effect on performance and egg quality in hens.  

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Effects of microbial phytase supplementation on egg production, eggshell quality, and mineral retention of laying hens fed different levels of phosphorus

Poultry Science ◽

10.1093/ps/78.1.75 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 75-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

JS Um ◽

IK Paik

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Eggshell Quality ◽

Microbial Phytase ◽

Different Levels

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The Effects of Different Levels Chlorell Microalgae on Performance and Immune Response of Laying Hens Under Heat Stress Condition

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12058 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 71-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nasroallah Moradi Kor ◽

Neda Mohamadi

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Egg Production ◽

Stress Condition ◽

Linear Models ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Heat Stress Condition ◽

Different Levels

This study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels microalgae Chlorell sp. on performance of laying hens under heat stress condition. A completely randomized design experiment, with 7 replicates and 6 treatments (9 birds per replicate) was carried out by allotting 378 white Lohman strain laying hens at 65 weeks of age. Six experimental treatments were continual addition of 0, 100, 200, 300,400 ppm microalgae Chlorell and 400 ppm toein to drinking warer were fed to laying hens for 9 weeks. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass output and feed intake were determined. Antibody production against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) also was measured. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using General Linear Models procedure of SAS software and comparison of means were compared using Duncan’s multiple range test. The results of this experiment showed that microalgae Chlorell had no effect on productive performance. Adding microalgae Chlorell to the drinking water improved immune response of laying hens and a more positive effect was observed when 400 ppm added to the water. It is concluded that the addition of microalgae Chlorell to the water drinking of laying hens improved immune response of laying hens.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v9i2.12058 International Journal of Life Sciences 9 (2) : 2015; 71-74

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Effect of saline processed Icacinia manni (earthball) on performance, egg quality, blood profiles and carcass indices of laying hens

Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.31248/jasvm2021.264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 105-112

Author(s):

C. A. Essien ◽

Keyword(s):

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Serum Biochemistry ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Quality Analysis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Laying Performance ◽

Biochemical Indices ◽

Dietary Treatments

Twelve week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of 10 and 20% replacement of maize with Icacinia manni meal processed in saline on the laying performance, egg quality characteristics, internal organ evaluation, hematological and serum biochemistry of laying hens. Three experimental diets were formulated in which Icacinia manni processed in saline replaced maize at 0% for T1 (control) 10 and 20% for T2 and T3, respectively. One hundred and eighty laying hens (Isa Brown) with 6 weeks of laying life were randomly allotted to three dietary treatments with nine replicates of twenty birds per replicate in a completely randomized design. The laying performance, carcass/organs, hematology and serum biochemistry, egg quality analysis showed no significant differences (p>0.05) at the end of the experiment. The values for hen-day production of birds fed 10% Icacinia manni processed in saline showed numerical increase for hen day egg production and egg weight over the control and 20% groups (T1 and T3 respectively). The study revealed that Icacinia manni processed in saline can replace 20% maize in layers diets without detrimental effect on the performance, egg quality characteristics, internal organs, haematology and serum biochemical indices.

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Flour of mushroom Agaricus blazei as additive functional in food of laying hens

Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal ◽

10.1590/s1519-9940200612019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Iolanda Silveira Freitas ◽

Michele de Oliveira Mendonça ◽

Izabela Silveira Freitas ◽

Onofre Barroca de Almeida Neto ◽

David Garcia Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Quality ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Agaricus Blazei ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Different Levels

SUMMARY The current study aims to evaluate the zootechnical performance, quality of eggs, and the immune system of the laying hen's upon supplementing their feed with the flour of the mushroom Agaricus blazei. A total of 210 Hisex Brown® hens, 67 weeks old, were distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments (control [0%], 0.04%, 0.08%, 0.12% and 0.16% of mushroom meal) with seven replicates and six birds per experimental unit. Were evaluated the zootechnical performance (feed intake, egg production [per day and housed], marketable egg production, egg weight and egg mass, feed conversion per dozen and egg mass, and viability);egg quality (specific weight, Haugh units, weight and percentage of components, shell thickness and yellow intensity of the egg yolks); and the hemogram (erythrogram and leukogram). Mainly, different levels of mushroom meal, were includedin laying hens feeds significantly (p<0.05)egg mass and feed intake. However, the leukogram and the erythrogram remained within the reference values, indicating that the birds were healthy. The addition of different levels of Agaricus blazei flour in the laying hens feed did not promote changes in the egg quality, in the immune system, and in the zootechnical performance, except for the feed intake which reduced with the inclusion of mushroom flour and eggs mass in which the 0.07% level promoted the maximization of this parameter.

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The Excretion of Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu Through Excreta of Laying Hens Fed Two Different Levels of Protein with and without Phytase

Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology ◽

10.24925/turjaf.v7i1.68-72.2111 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 68

Author(s):

Skender Muji ◽

Alltane Kryeziu ◽

Muhamet Kamberi ◽

Ragip Kastrati ◽

Nuridin Mestani

Keyword(s):

Crude Protein ◽

Egg Production ◽

Laying Hens ◽

Egg Mass ◽

Egg Weight ◽

Forced Draft Oven ◽

Forced Draft ◽

Dietary Treatments ◽

Mg Content ◽

Different Levels

An 8-week experiment was conducted to study the effect of added Natuphos® 5000 phytase in corn–soybean meal-based diets on laying hens fed different levels of crude protein (CP) (14 and 17%). Two levels of phytase enzyme were used: 0 and 600 Phytase Units (FTU)/kg feed. The experiment used 144 Hisex Brown laying hens in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Four treatments and three replicates per treatment with 12 hens per replicate were used. Egg production was recorded daily while egg weight was assessed on 13th and 14th day of each two-week period to calculate total egg mass. Total excreta were collected and approximately 10% of the amount was used for analysis after drying in a forced draft oven. The results showed no significant effect of added phytase on excreta Calcium (Ca) content, but significantly lower Magnesium (Mg) content was observed with phytase (3.54, 2.48, 3.13 and 2.75 % for hens fed 14% CP no phytase, 14% CP + phytase, 17% CP no phytase, and 17% CP + phytase, respectively). Added phytase also significantly decreased Mg excretion measured as grams/kg of egg mass (21.43, 12.47, 16.76 and 14.75 g/kg egg mass for hens of respective dietary treatments. Phytase had a strong effect on Zink (Zn) levels with 438.96, 369.17, 434.38 and 374.58 mg Zn/kg dry excreta of hens. Similar results were observed with Cu. Added phytase significantly reduced the excreta content and the excretion of Cu. The results of this experiment indicate that adding 600 FTU to laying hen diets containing 14% CP decreases the excretion of Mg, Zn and Cu without any adverse effects on the egg mass produced of laying hens.

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