Cost of Treatment of Febrile Acute Respiratory Infection (FARI) Among Under-Five Children Attending Health Facilities of Ballabgarh, Haryana

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (12) ◽  
pp. 902-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debjani Ram Purakayastha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Rai ◽  
Shobha Broor ◽  
Anand Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

scholarly journals Risk factors of acute respiratory infections among under five children attending public hospitals in southern Tigray, Ethiopia, 2016/2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sielu Alemayehu ◽  
Kalayou Kidanu ◽  
Tensay Kahsay ◽  
Mekuria Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Maternal Literacy

Abstract Background Acute Respiratory infection accounts for 94,037000 disability adjusted life years and 1.9 million deaths worldwide. Acute respiratory infections is the most common causes of under-five illness and mortality. The under five children gets three to six episodes of acute respiratory infections annually regardless of where they live. Disease burden due to acute respiratory infection is 10–50 times higher in developing countries when compared to developed countries. The aim of this study was to assess risk factors of acute respiratory infection among under-five children attending Public hospitals in Southern Tigray, Ethiopia 2016/2017. Methods Institution based case control study was conducted from Nov 2016 to June 2017. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 288 (96 cases and 192 controls) children under 5 years of age. Systematic random sampling was used to recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to analyze the data. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were employed to examine statistical association between the outcome variable and selected independent variables at 95% confidence level. Level of statistical Significance was declared at p < 0.05. Tables, figures and texts were used to present data. Result One hundred sixty (55.6%) and 128 (44.4%) of the participants were males and females respectively. Malnutrition (AOR = 2.89; 95%CI: 1.584–8.951; p = 0.039), cow dung use (AOR =2.21; 95%CI: 1.121–9.373; p = 0.014), presence of smoker in the family (AOR = 0.638; 95% CI: 0.046–0.980; p = 0.042) and maternal literacy (AOR = 3.098; 95%CI: 1.387–18.729; p = 0.021) were found to be significant predictors of acute respiratory infection among under five children. Conclusion According to this study maternal literacy, smoking, cow dung use and nutritional status were strongly associated with increased risk of childhood acute respiratory infection. Health care providers should work jointly with the general public, so that scientific knowledge and guidelines for adopting particular preventive measures for acute respiratory infection are disseminated.

scholarly journals Prevalence of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in urban and rural areas of puducherry, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
SGanesh Kumar ◽  
Anindo Majumdar ◽  
Veera Kumar ◽  
BijayNanda Naik ◽  
Kalaiselvi Selvaraj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

scholarly journals Determinants of acute respiratory infection among under-five children in rural Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Mengistu Merera
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Rural Ethiopia

Abstract Introduction In low- and middle-income nations, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, Ethiopia has a higher prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, ranging from 16 to 33.5%. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five in rural Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study involving 7911 children under the age of five from rural Ethiopia was carried out from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two stage cluster sampling technique was used recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to extract and analyze data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with a childhood acute respiratory infection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis includes variables with a p-value less than 0.2 during the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with an acute respiratory infection. Results The total ARI prevalence rate among 7911 under-five children from rural Ethiopia was 7.8%, according to the findings of the study. The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Oromia (12.8%), followed by Tigray (12.7%), with the lowest frequency found in Benishangul Gumuz (2.4%). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that child from Poor household (AOR = 2.170, 95% CI: 1.631–2.887), mother’s no education (AOR = 2.050,95% CI: 1.017–4.133), mother’s Primary education (AOR = 2.387, 95% CI:1.176–4.845), child had not received vitamin A (AOR = 1.926, 95% CI:1.578–2.351), child had no diarrhea (AOR = 0.257, 95% CI: 0.210–0.314), mothers not working (AOR = 0.773, 95% CI:0.630–0.948), not stunted (AOR = 0.663, 95% CI: 0.552–0.796), and not improved water source (AOR = 1.715, 95% CI: 1.395–2.109). Similarly, among under-five children, the age of the child, the month of data collection, anemia status, and the province were all substantially linked to ARI. Conclusions Childhood ARI morbidity is a serious health challenge in rural Ethiopia, according to this study, with demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, health, and environmental factors all having a role. As a result, regional governments, healthcare staff, and concerned groups should place a priority on reducing ARI, and attempts to solve the issue should take these variables into account.

scholarly journals Bayesian Multilevel Analysis of Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection in Children under the Age of Five Years in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Merera ◽  
Tilahun Asena ◽  
Mebratu Senbeta
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Household Wealth ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background: Acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five years in the world. ARIs, principally pneumonia, account for approximately 1.9 million (1.6 - 2.2 million) deaths globally in children under the age of five years in Ethiopia. Among these deaths majority occur in the developing world. The share for low and middle-income countries takes the highest indeed. In Ethiopia, the prevalence rate of ARI was 7% according to 2016 EDHS estimates. Method: Bayesian multilevel approach was employed to assess possible factors associated with the prevalence of acute respiratory infection (ARI) among under-five children in Ethiopia. The data was collected from 10,641 children under the age of five years out of which 9,918 children were considered in this study. Result: The ARI prevalence rate for children under five years was estimated as 8.4%, which was slightly higher than the estimated prevalence level of the country. The highest proportion of the prevalence of ARI was observed for children whose mothers had no education. The major health, environmental and nutritional related background characteristics of the proportion of children who had ARI varied from one region to another. The highest prevalence of ARI was observed in Tigray (15.31%) followed by Oromia (14.40%) as opposed to the low prevalence which was recorded in Benishangul Gumuz (2.58%). The utilization of vitamin A was analyzed and the results shows that about 43.10% who received vitamin A had the lowest proportion on the prevalence of ARI (7.75%) compared to not having vitamin A. About 11.13% of under-five children had Diarrhea with the highest prevalence of ARI (24.64%) and the highest prevalence of ARI was observed for the child whose source of drinking water were unprotected/unimproved (9.39%). Conclusion: The age of the child, household wealth index, mother educational level, and vitamin A supplement, history of diarrhea, maternal work, stunting and source of drinking water were found to be significantly affecting the prevalence of ARI among children under five years. Furthermore, the study revealed that there is a significant variation of incidence of ARI between and within the regions of Ethiopia. Attention should be given to those predictor variables while planning to increase the health status of children in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Determinants of Acute Respiratory Infection among Under-Five Children in Rural Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanuel Mengistu Merera
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Rural Ethiopia

Abstract Introduction: In low- and middle-income nations, acute respiratory infection (ARI) is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. According to some studies, Ethiopia has a higher prevalence of childhood acute respiratory infection, ranging from 16 % to 33.5 %. The goal of this study was to determine the risk factors for acute respiratory infection in children under the age of five in rural Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 7,911 children under the age of five from rural Ethiopia was carried out from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A two stage cluster sampling technique was used recruit study subjects and SPSS version 20 was used to extract and analyze data. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with a childhood acute respiratory infection. The multivariable logistic regression analysis includes variables with a p-value less than 0.2 during the bivariate logistic regression analysis. Adjusted odds ratios were used as measures of effect with a 95% confidence interval (CI) and variables with a p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significantly associated with an acute respiratory infection. Results: The total ARI prevalence rate among 7,911 under-five children from rural Ethiopia was 7.8%, according to the findings of the study. The highest prevalence of ARI was found in Oromia (12.8 %), followed by Tigray (12.7 %), with the lowest frequency found in Benishangul Gumuz (2.4 %). A multivariable logistic regression model revealed that child from Poor household (AOR=2.170, 95% CI: 1.631-2.887), mother’s no education (AOR=2.050,95% CI: 1.017-4.133), mother’s Primary education (AOR=2.387, 95% CI:1.176-4.845), child had not received vitamin A (AOR=1.926, 95% CI:1.578-2.351), child had no diarrhea (AOR=0.257, 95% CI: 0.210-0.314), mothers not working (AOR=0.773, 95% CI:0.630-0.948), not stunted (AOR=0.663, 95% CI: 0.552-0.796), and not improved water source (AOR=1.715, 95% CI: 1.395-2.109). Similarly, among under-five children, the age of the child, the month of data collection, anemia status, and the province were all substantially linked to ARI. Conclusions: Childhood ARI morbidity is a serious health challenge in rural Ethiopia, according to this study, with demographic, socioeconomic, nutritional, health, and environmental factors all having a role. As a result, regional governments, healthcare staff, and concerned groups should place a priority on reducing ARI, and attempts to solve the issue should take these variables into account.

scholarly journals Place of food cooking is associated with acute respiratory infection among under-five children in Ethiopia: multilevel analysis of 2005–2016 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham Geremew ◽  
Selamawit Gebremedhin ◽  
Yohannes Mulugeta ◽  
Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infection ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Solid Biomass Fuel ◽  
Solid Biomass

Abstract Background Globally, acute respiratory infections are among the leading causes of under-five child mortality, especially in lower-income countries; it is associated with indoor exposure to toxic pollutants from solid biomass fuel. In Ethiopia, 90% of the population utilizes solid biomass fuel; respiratory illness is a leading health problem. However, there is a paucity of nationally representative data on the association of household cooking place and respiratory infections. Besides, evidence on the variability in the infection based on the data collected at different times is limited. Therefore, this study is intended to assess the association of food cooking place with acute respiratory infections and the variability in households and surveys. Methods The current analysis is based on the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data collected in 2005, 2011, and 2016 and obtained via online registration. The association of food cooking place with acute respiratory infection was assessed using multilevel modeling after categorizing all factors into child level and survey level, controlling them in a full model. The analyses accounted for a complex survey design using a Stata command “svy.” Result A total of 30,895 under-five children were included in this study, of which 3677 (11.9%) children had an acute respiratory infection, with 12.7% in 2005, 11.9% in 2011, and 11.1% in 2016. The risk of having an infection in under-five children in households that cooked food outdoors was 44% lower (AOR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40, 0.75) compared to those households that cooked the food inside the house. There was a statistically significant difference among the children among surveys to have an acute respiratory infection. Conclusion The risk of having children with acute respiratory infection is lower in the households of cooking food outdoor compared to indoor. The infection difference in different surveys suggests progress in the practices in either food cooking places or the fuel types used that minimize food cooking places location or the fuel types used that minimizes the risk. But, the infection is still high; therefore, measures promoting indoor cooking in a well-ventilated environment with alternative energy sources should take place.

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