scholarly journals Increasing the deterrence of airport security checks by managing expectations through communication: a hypothetical scenario experiment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Bearth ◽  
Franziska Hofer ◽  
Tamara Stotz ◽  
Signe Ghelfi
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Times ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Hypothetical Scenario ◽  
Potential Strategy ◽  
Security Checks ◽  
Security Screenings ◽  
Selective Security

AbstractSelective security screenings are discussed as a potential strategy to reduce costs and waiting times at airports, while keeping security high. However, the limited literature suggests that traditional security screenings, where all passengers are screened, are perceived as more deterrent for criminal activity and more secure from passengers’ perspectives. The goal of this study was to investigate whether targeted communication on an airport’s website can counteract the detrimental effect of randomised airport security checks on deterrence. The study results confirm prior findings that people with illegal intentions prefer randomised security checks compared to traditional security checks. However, there are hints that tactical communication could be a tool to improve security at airports. All in all, the insights gathered in this study should be taken as a sign of caution, when considering switching to selective security screenings. Future directions for investigating the effect of tactical communication are discussed.

CRIMINOLOGICAL FEATURES OF CORRUPTION-RELATED CRIMES IN THE FUEL AND ENERGY COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Вележев ◽  
Антон Михайлович Седогин
Keyword(s):  
Legal Protection ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
High Level

В представленной статье авторами рассматриваются вопросы уголовно-правовой охраны топливно-энергетического комплекса Российской Федерации от преступных проявлений, в том числе от коррупционной противоправной деятельности должностных лиц. Такие действия причиняют значительный ущерб нормальному функционированию предприятий топливно-энергетического комплекса. Авторами приводятся результаты исследования некоторых криминологических характеристик должностных лиц, совершивших преступления коррупционного характера. Дан анализ причин и условий, способствующих совершению вышеуказанных противоправных действий. Определена типовая модель преступника для данной категории преступлений и его характеристики: в первую очередь, это высокий уровень компетентности, специальное образование и т. д. Авторами отмечается высокий уровень латентной преступности в данной отрасли. Предложены некоторые пути профилактики данной категории правонарушений. Исследование проводилось на основе анализа конкретных уголовных дел, возбужденных следственными органами по результатам оперативно-розыскной деятельности правоохранительных органов. In the article the authors consider the issues of criminal and legal protection of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian Federation from criminal activity including corrupt illegal practices of officials. The authors cite the results of some criminological characteristics study of the fuel and energy complex staff committed corruption crimes. As a result of these illegal actions significant damage is caused to the normal functioning of the fuel and energy enterprises. Such officials` actions determine not only a wide range of other illegal activities, but also lead to public outcry and discredit the industry as a whole. The analysis of the reasons and conditions contributing to the above illegal actions commission is given. A typical model of a criminal for a given crime category and its characteristics are determined. First of all it is a high level competence, special education, etc. A high level of latent crime in this industry is shown. The study results are presented on the example of specific criminal cases initiated by the investigating authorities based on the results of the operation detection activities of law enforcement agencies. Some ways of preventing this category of offenses are proposed.

Addiction and Criminal Behavior: A Continuing Examination of Criminal Addicts

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Weissman ◽  
Samuel W. Marr ◽  
Paul L. Katsampes
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Behavior ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Criminal History ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Study Results ◽  
And Gender

The study proposed to examine the relationship between opiate addiction and criminal behavior. The study group was composed of general arrestee population subjects who were identified as regular opiate users. The subjects were interviewed to determine demographic, drug use, and self-report criminal history data; arrest data were collected from official records. The study addressed three research questions: (1) the general effect of addiction upon criminal activity; (2) the effect of addiction upon specific offense categories; and (3) the variations of the effects of addiction upon criminal activity relative to the age of onset of addiction, race, and gender. Study results showed dramatic increases in criminal activity associated with the onset of addiction. The criminal activity increase was displayed in violent crime categories, as well as property acquisitive and drug offense categories. Some differences were apparent according to age of onset of addiction, race, and gender, but the study design did not warrant the drawing of definitive conclusions regarding the differences.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Gastric Cancer Surgery: A Single-center Retrospective Study Based on Real-world Data from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-xuan Li ◽  
Chang-zheng He ◽  
Yi-chen Liu ◽  
Peng-yue Zhao ◽  
Xiao-lei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Gastric Cancer Surgery ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Gastric Cancer Patients ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Backgrounds: A respiratory epidemic defined as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming unstoppable and has been declared a pandemic. Patients with cancer are more likely to develop COVID-19. Based on our experience during the pandemic period, we propose some surgery strategies for gastric cancer patients under the COVID-19 situation. Methods We defined the ‘COVID-19’ period as occurring between 2020-01-20 and 2020-03-20. All the enrolled patients were divided into two groups, pre-COVID-19 group (PCG) and COVID-19 group (CG). A total of 109 patients with gastric cancer were enrolled in this study. Results The waiting times before admission increased by 4 days in CG(PCG:4.5 [IQR: 2, 7.8] vs. CG:8.0 [IQR: 2,20]; P = 0.006). More patients had performed chest CT scan besides abdominal CT before admission during COVID-19 period(PCG:22[32%]vs. CG:30[73%], p = 0.001). After admission, during COVID period, the waiting time before surgery was longer(3[IQR: 2,5] vs. 7[IQR: 5,9]; P < 0.001),more laparoscopic surgery were performed(PCG: 51[75%] vs. CG: 38[92%],p = 0.021), and hospital stay after surgery was longer (7[IQR: 6,8] vs.9[IQR:7,11] ; P < 0.001). The total cost of hospitalization increased during COVID period, (9.22[IQR:7.82,10.97] vs. 10.42[IQR:8.99,12.57]; p = 0.006). Conclusion Since no data is available yet on the impact of COVID-19 on gastric cancer patients,our own experience with COVID-19 in gastric cancer surgery has hopefully provided an opportunity for colleagues to reflect on their own service and any contingency plans they have to tackle the crisis.

scholarly journals Are Agatha, Dashiell, and Arthur alive? Assessing the link between hand movements and false intentions

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Sanches Baêna
Keyword(s):  
Truth Condition ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Cognitive Differences ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Intelligence Services ◽  
Security Checks

Background: With the ever-increasing political, ideological and social tension which followed 9/11, crime prevention stands as an issue of major relevance. The development of the ability to accurately detect statements of false intent is of great societal and legal value. It could aid intelligence services in preventing crimes (e.g., terrorist threats) and security services in reinforcing their protocols (e.g., airport security checks, parole hearings, and border control).Goals: To examine the associations between hand movements and false intentions in adults.Methods: Using a laboratory-based variation of the ‘Portsmouth design’, 23 students completed a questionnaire about their intentions to travel in the near future. Participants with a planned trip were placed in the truth tellers’ condition (n = 12). Those who did not have a planned trip were placed in the liars’ condition (n = 11). Based on the main theoretical approaches, three hypotheses were proposed. Hypothesis 1 advocated a decrease in the three categories of illustrators (movements interconnected to speech that serve to illustrate what is being verbally said) in liars, as compared to the truth tellers. Hypothesis 2 also suggested a decrease in the category of subtle hand and finger movements in the lying condition, comparatively with the truth condition. Finally, hypothesis 3 proposed a lack of significant differences between liars and truth-tellers in the five categories of self-adaptors (movements in which one part of the body does something to another body part, such as scratching the ear or squeezing the hands).Results: Hypothesis 1 was partially supported. The general and the unilateral categories of illustrators decreased in the case of the liars, as compared to the truth tellers; however, the bilateral category of illustrators slightly increased in the lying condition, in comparison with truth telling. Hypotheses 2 and 3 were fully supported. Discussion: Apart from the slight increase of bilateral illustrators in the case of the liars, all the results are in accordance with the empirical findings on deception research about past events. This similarity is noteworthy, considering the cognitive differences between lies about past events and lies about future events.

scholarly journals Public Transport to the Airport and Its Influence on Handling Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Slobodan Stojić ◽  
Vladimir Pazdro ◽  
Roman Vokáč
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Airport Security ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mass Public ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The paper focuses on several possibilities of the mass public transport to the airport, including analyses of the expected impact on the various airport processes. Within the article, three main transportation system types will be described and compared. Firstly, the problem regarding current bus transfer system to the Václav Havel airport Prague will be analyzed. According to the analysis results the focus now turns to the description of the potential influence of the introduction of the new transfer systems, including the impact on the airport security and passport control process, and other procedures, which include some kind of a queuing process. This airport was chosen as the biggest airport in the Czech Republic, which in today and future business environment could expect problems related to the public transport of the passengers to and from the airport. Besides the description of the current structure, the paper tries to elaborate issues such as calculation of the queue waiting times and to propose a new system, more suitable for the given conditions. Results of the research include various calculations, such dependence of a modal split and intervals of the waiting times within a check-in process.

scholarly journals A Method for Balancing Provider Schedules in Outpatient Specialty Clinics

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238146832096306
Author(s):  
Bjorn P. Berg ◽  
S. Ayca Erdogan ◽  
Jennifer Mason Lobo ◽  
Kathryn Pendleton
Keyword(s):  
Constrained Optimization ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Reference Scenario ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Optimization Modeling ◽  
Specialty Clinic ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Surgery Center

Background. Variability in outpatient specialty clinic schedules contributes to numerous adverse effects including chaotic clinic settings, provider burnout, increased patient waiting times, and inefficient use of resources. This research measures the benefit of balancing provider schedules in an outpatient specialty clinic. Design. We developed a constrained optimization model to minimize the variability in provider schedules in an outpatient specialty clinic. Schedule variability was defined as the variance in the number of providers scheduled for clinic during each hour the clinic is open. We compared the variance in the number of providers scheduled per hour resulting from the constrained optimization schedule with the actual schedule for three reference scenarios used in practice at M Health Fairview’s Clinics and Surgery Center as a case study. Results. Compared to the actual schedules, use of constrained optimization modeling reduced the variance in the number of providers scheduled per hour by 92% (1.70–0.14), 88% (1.98–0.24), and 94% (1.98–0.12). When compared with the reference scenarios, the total, and per provider, assigned clinic hours remained the same. Use of constrained optimization modeling also reduced the maximum number of providers scheduled during each of the actual schedules for each of the reference scenarios. The constrained optimization schedules utilized 100% of the available clinic time compared to the reference scenario schedules where providers were scheduled during 87%, 92%, and 82% of the open clinic time, respectively. Limitations. The scheduling model’s use requires a centralized provider scheduling process in the clinic. Conclusions. Constrained optimization can help balance provider schedules in outpatient specialty clinics, thereby reducing the risk of negative effects associated with highly variable clinic settings.

scholarly journals Measuring the Cost for Some Single Channel Waiting Line Models

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Doaa A. Ali ◽  
Elham A. Ismail ◽  
Lobna E. AL-Tayeb
Keyword(s):  
Single Channel ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
Arrival Rate ◽  
Service Rate ◽  
Rate Distribution ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Queue Lengths ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Waiting Line ◽  
The Ideal

Queuing models applications are centered on the question of finding the ideal level of services, waiting times and queue lengths. The aim of this study is to measure the cost for three models and compare the cost for the three single channel waiting line models instead of finding the ideal level of services, waiting times and queue lengths which calculated in many studies.  Each model depends on two important parameters arrival rate (λ) and service rate (μ) which followed different distributions.  The cost for the three single channel waiting line models is calculated when arrival rate (λ) is followed Poisson distribution and service rate (μ) is followed different distributions. The objective for the waiting line models is to minimize total expected costs by minimize the sum of service costs and waiting costs. Therefore, the study concerned with changing the distribution of the service rate (μ) and examining its impact on cost. This choice was made to emphasize the basic idea of the study (there is a relationship between the service rate distribution and the cost). The study results showed that there is a relationship between the service rate   distribution and the cost.  

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