scholarly journals Diversity and endemism of the flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea: state of knowledge and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebsebe Demissew ◽  
Ib Friis ◽  
Odile Weber
Keyword(s):  
Additional Data ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
South West ◽  
Single Region ◽  
The Town

AbstractUnderstanding biodiversity of plants depends on detailed knowledge of floristics and environmental parameters. According to the Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea (FEE; 1989–2009), the latest academic flora of these two topographically complex countries, the number of taxa (including non-indigenous ones) is 6027 of which 647 are endemic. Since 2009, 56 indigenous taxa have been described from the FEE area. Based on FEE data and later information, the number of indigenous species is here counted at 5219. In the RAINBIO database Sosef et al. (BMC Biol 15:1–23, 2017) counted the number of indigenous species in Ethiopia at 4481 (Eritrea not counted). Studies of local diversity and endemism produce different results with varying methods and sources: FEE data show highest diversity in the southern part of Ethiopia near the borders with Kenya, while RAINBIO data show highest diversity in the south-west and around the town of Harar. Wang et al. (J Syst Evol 58(1):33–42, 2020) found the highest ‘weighted endemism’ in the central Ethiopian mountains, while our FEE data indicates highest single-region endemism near the borders with Kenya and Somalia; Hawthorne and Marshall (Gard Bull Singap 71(Suppl. 2):315–333, 2019), weighting species according to rarity, found the highest ‘bioquality score’ in the same areas as our highest single-region endemism. Studies of altitudinal diversity show a ‘mid-elevation diversity bulge’ at 1400–2100 m a.s.l. More data are needed before we understand the complex diversity of the two countries, including altitudinal diversity. We review needs for additional data gathering and modelling that may help answering outstanding questions. Graphic abstract

A Study in the History of Clare, Suffolk; with Special Reference to its Development as a Borough (Alexander Prize Essay, 1928)

1928 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 83-115
Author(s):  
Gladys A. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Considerable Importance ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
South West ◽  
Full Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Town ◽  
Prize Essay

Clare is situated in the south-west corner of Suffolk, in the valley of the Stour River. At the present day it is only a village, for its market is no longer held; yet its history shows that in earlier times it was of considerable importance, especially during the medieval period, when it was a favourite residence of the Clare lords. The town then had a busy market and a flourishing cloth-making industry; and at one time it seemed possible that Clare might attain full development as a borough, possessing as it did some burghal characteristics. In the following pages it is proposed to study in detail the history of Clare as a seignorial borough during the Middle Ages, and its subsequent development.

Inbreeding, Migration and Age at Marriage in Rural Toledo, Spain

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Ciudad Real ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
The Town ◽  
Common Plant

The natural region of the Jara, with an area of 2500 km2 occupies much of the south west of the province of Toledo, and extends into the provinces of Caceres and Ciudad Real. It is situated between the Tajo and Guadiana rivers, south of the town of Talavera de la Reina, the centre of the economic life in this region. Its highlands are covered with xerophytic vegetation, of which the most common plant is the jara (Cistus ladaniferus), from which this zone takes it name, (Fig. 1). It has been occupied from the neolithic period onwards by peoples of different origins, e.g. Romans, Muslims, Jews, Mozarabs (Jimenez de Gregorio, 1959) but the present population derives from settlement from the north of the Tajo river beginning in the 14th century following the upheavals of the Moslem–Christian wars.

scholarly journals Structure and biodiversity of zooplankton communities in freshwater habitats of a Vereda Wetland Region, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olívia Penatti Pinese ◽  
José Fernando Pinese ◽  
Kleber Del Claro
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Brazilian Savannah ◽  
Local Diversity ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Aims: Vereda wetlands are among the most important aquatic habitats in Brazilian savannah (Cerrado) because of their association with river springs and its relevancy for biodiversity conservation. This study aimed to determine and compare the biodiversity of zooplankton in vereda lakes, differentiated by the presence or absence of aquatic macrophytes at an environmental reserve in Uberlândia, Minas Geais, Southeastern Brazil. Zooplanctonic abundance patterns and their relation with environmental parameters were also discussed and presented through multivariate statistics. Methods Twelve samples were taken at water surface, at 15-day intervals in 2006. It was observed a total richness of 75 species, including 12 genera, 29 species and one sub-species as new records for Minas Gerais State. Results Rotifers were the predominant group and Lecanidae was the most diverse family. Among cladocerans, Chydoridae showed the greatest richness and Bosminidae the highest abundance. Few adult copepods were sampled in this study, but nauplii were very frequent. Cyclopidae was the most common family among copepods and there was no record of Calanoida. Conclusions The difference in composition among the studied lakes was remarkable. The lake with macrophytes showed the greatest richness but the lowest density, and the opposite situation occurred in the other lake. This can be explained by the fact that aquatic macrophytes, as primary producers, exert a bottom-up effect on zooplankton community, sustaining a high local diversity in contrast with a low numeric abundance of these microorganisms. Therefore, this pattern may have been created by the surround heterogeneity and, at the same time, by the reduction of available minerals of the system caused by macrophyte matter fixation. Many studies on zooplankton need to be developed in palm swamp communities in order to better comprehend the biological diversity and the energy balance in different habitats for the conservation of aquatic ecosystems.

Earthworms (Clitellata: Acanthodrilidae, Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Ocnerodrilidae) of the coastal region of Gamba, Ogooué-Maritime Province, southwestern Gabon

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3458 (1) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAMUEL W. JAMES ◽  
GILDAS BRICE DIVINA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
New Records ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Species Descriptions ◽  
Maritime Province ◽  
Large Taxon

This is the first account of earthworms from the Gamba Complex of Protected Areas, a highly biodiverse coastal area ofequatorial Africa. We describe five new species of Dichogaster Beddard, 1888: Dichogaster (Diplothecodrilus)moussavoui sp. nov., D. (Diplothecodrilus) tchignoumbai sp. nov., D. (Diplothecodrilus) tobii sp. nov., D.(Diplothecodrilus) alonsoi sp. nov., and D. (Dichogaster) gambaensis sp. nov.; report several more taxa for which thematerial was not adequate to serve as the basis for new species descriptions, and present new records of several exoticspecies. Coastal Gamba is now known to have ten indigenous species and four introduced species, some of which areknown invasives. Characteristics shared by several Gamba Dichogaster conflict with characters used to define subgenera of Dichogaster, indicating that additional data are needed to resolve relationships within this large taxon.

scholarly journals Tapered Optical Fibre Sensors: Current Trends and Future Perspectives

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergiy Korposh ◽  
Stephen James ◽  
Seung-Woo Lee ◽  
Ralph Tatam
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Evanescent Wave ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Optical Fibres ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Sensing Platform ◽  
Sensing Platforms

The development of reliable, affordable and efficient sensors is a key step in providing tools for efficient monitoring of critical environmental parameters. This review focuses on the use of tapered optical fibres as an environmental sensing platform. Tapered fibres allow access to the evanescent wave of the propagating mode, which can be exploited to facilitate chemical sensing by spectroscopic evaluation of the medium surrounding the optical fibre, by measurement of the refractive index of the medium, or by coupling to other waveguides formed of chemically sensitive materials. In addition, the reduced diameter of the tapered section of the optical fibre can offer benefits when measuring physical parameters such as strain and temperature. A review of the basic sensing platforms implemented using tapered optical fibres and their application for development of fibre-optic physical, chemical and bio-sensors is presented.

scholarly journals XI.—Notes on the Geology of the Eildon Hills, in Roxburghshire

1853 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
James D. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
The West ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
North Bank ◽  
The Town

The following remarks, being the result of a careful examination of a small district of country characteristic of the relations of the trap formations, are perhaps worthy of being recorded; although the general features of the county of Roxburgh have been very clearly stated in a paper by Mr Milne, published in the 15th volume of the Edinburgh Transactions.The outburst of porphyritic trap forming the conspicuous small group of the Eildon Hills, may be stated to be surrounded by the characteristic greywacke of the south of Scotland. It forms an elongated patch on the map, extending from the west end of Bowden Muir in the direction of the town of Selkirk, and running from west-south-west to east-north-east (true) towards Bemerside Hill, on the north bank of the Tweed. The breadth is variable, probably less than is generally supposed; but it cannot be accurately ascertained, owing to the accumulated diluvium which covers the whole south-eastern slope of this elevated ridge. On this account, my observations on the contact of rocks have been almost entirely confined to the northern and western boundaries of the trap, although the other side was examined with equal care.

A comparative analysis of property level flood mitigation behaviour in the regions of England

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlies H Barendrecht ◽  
Simon McCarthy ◽  
Alberto Viglione
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
North West ◽  
South West ◽  
Property Owners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Hierarchical Beta

<p>Even though there has been a move towards a more integrated approach to flood risk management, with a stronger focus on property level measures to reduce flood risk, the uptake of property level measures remains low. Experience has been found to influence the uptake of measures, but even property owners with experience do not always take measures to prepare for future flooding. In this paper we investigate the variations in the relationship between experience and preparedness (i.e. the uptake of property level measures) for the different regions of England. We use survey data collected among the population at risk in the years 1996 to 2004 and perform a hierarchical beta regression to determine the differences between the seven regions. We find that the South West and Southern regions have a higher increase in preparedness with increasing experience compared to other regions. In the Thames, Midlands and North West the preparedness increases less with increasing experience. Based on an analysis of additional data sources (e.g. surveys and maps of structural protection and population) we provide a possible explanation as to why the behaviour of property owners in these regions could be different.</p>

Amorium 1987: A Preliminary Survey

1988 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Harrison
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Preliminary Survey ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Ancient Site ◽  
The Town

Amorium is in eastern Phrygia, 170 km. south-west of Ankara, 70 km. north-east of Afyon, 12 km. east of the town of Emirdaǧ, and near the source of the Sakarya (Sangarius) (Fig. 1). It lies on the north-facing lower slopes of the mountains of Emirdaǧ (the Turkish town, previously called Aziziye, has the same name), and the ancient site of Amorium lies within the relatively recent village of Hisarköy. The mountain of Emirdaǧ gives rise to various streams which flow into a tributary of the Sakarya, and at Amorium the view to the north extends over some 50 km., showing, in the middle distance, the tree-lined course of the river, and the mountains of Sivrihisar beyond. The ancient town (which includes a large prehistoric hüyük) was mentioned by Strabo, and indeed the name of Amorium appeared earlier on coins, in the second or first century B.C. The site was rediscovered by W. J. Hamilton in 1836.

Ecology of the western bearded dragon (Pogona minor) in unmined forest and forest restored after bauxite mining in south-west Western Australia

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Craig ◽  
Mark J. Garkaklis ◽  
Giles E. St J. Hardy ◽  
Andrew H. Grigg ◽  
Carl D. Grant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prescribed Burning ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Microhabitat Use ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Bauxite Mining ◽  
South West ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Original Vegetation

Forest areas restored after mining typically take decades, or longer, before they resemble the original vegetation community. Understanding how fauna succession varies with plant succession requires detailed knowledge of an animal’s ecology. Knowledge of an animal’s ecology can also be used to predict faunal responses to management manipulations and enable techniques to be developed that accelerate the return of fauna to restored sites. We radio-tracked western bearded dragons (Pogona minor) in a mix of unmined forest sites and sites restored after bauxite mining, in the jarrah forest of south-west Western Australia, to determine critical resources and important microhabitats for dragons. Dragons were generalists – utilising a range of microhabitats – and adaptable, adjusting their microhabitat use depending on availability. Individuals also differed significantly in their microhabitat use and did not appear to have a defined home range. We concluded that the species would rapidly recolonise restored sites and that no modifications to current restoration practices were required to accelerate their return. Prescribed burning of restored areas could negatively affect this species but the effect would be short-term (<2 years). The approach used in this study could be used to develop management prescriptions that accelerate the return of late-successional species to restored sites.

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