scholarly journals Repeated historical earthquakes in Sousse, Monastir and El-Jem (Tunisia)—an archaeoseismological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Kázmér
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
The North ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
The City ◽  
East West

AbstractTunisia is known of sparse and moderate earthquakes. However, there are seismically damaged historical buildings in the eastern Sahel region. The Roman amphitheatre of Thysdrus (modern El-Jem), various Islamic religious and secular buildings in Sousse and Monastir testify to seismic events with intensity up to IX (EMS98 scale). We raise the hypothesis that their destruction was caused by the nearby east-west Cherichira-Abaieh Fault and the north-south Monastir Fault. Simultaneity of the 859 AD Kairouan earthquake and extensive restoration works in Sousse 50 km to the east allow assessing magnitude up to 7.2 based on segment length. The city was hit both by the 859 AD and a post-1575 earthquake. Being nearby two active faults, seismic hazard in Sousse is higher than either in Kairouan or in Monastir.

Historical Earthquake Damages to Domed Structures in Istanbul

2015 ◽  
pp. 649-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
İhsan E. Bal ◽  
F. Gülten Gülay ◽  
Meltem Vatan ◽  
Eleni Smyrou
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ottoman Architecture ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Earthquake Damages

This chapter discusses the domed structures in Istanbul, which are reported damaged during strong historical earthquakes. The attention is focused mostly to their domes, the most important component of the Byzantine and the Ottoman architecture. The significant shakings, together with their estimated epicenters and magnitudes, have been defined and the spatial distribution of the reported damages in the domed structures has been examined. It is underlined once more that the Historical Peninsula, which is where once Constantinople was located, has several vulnerable structures and high seismic hazard level at the same time. Certain structures are quite vulnerable to strong shakings and received significant damages multiple times. The chapter discusses the possible effects of the future seismic events on the historical buildings in Istanbul, based on the recorded damages occurred during the past seismic events.

scholarly journals Seismic effects of the strongest historical earthquak in the Syracuse area

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Boschi ◽  
E. Guidoboni ◽  
D. Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Local Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Scenarios ◽  
The City ◽  
Attenuation Laws

The effects of earthquakes that occurred in a given area contribute significantly to the evaluation of to local seismic hazard. The information concerning historical earthquakes of the Mediterranean area covers many centuries, but the wealth of information made available by historical seismology does not appear to ha taken into account by engineering seismologists. By adopting "attenuation laws" based on data contained in the seismic catalogues, not only do we sometimes come up against the gross errors normally found jn logues, but we also lose sight of important details relating to the characteristics of urban seismic scenarios this paper we describe the results obtained from the analysis of seismic scenarios in Ortigia (old Syracuse this analysis we emphasized the qualitative and descriptive data to outline the "largest historical eve reassessed the data concerning five earthquakes that occuned in 1169,1542,1693,1757 and 1846, w reported by the Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes with an intensity greater than or equal to IX MCS epicentre of which was located within 50 km of the city. The last two of these earthquakes turned out t result of mistakes in the transmission of the news and have therefore been removed trom the list of de events. In addjtjon, we reconstructed the damage caused by the 1542 and 1693 earthquakes on a ma ancient town of Ortigia, taking into account the economic, demographic, and urbanistic conditions of t The empirical elements supplied to evaluate the local seismic response can also be of use in the preservation of historical buildings.

scholarly journals Historical Earthquake Scenarios for the Middle Strand of the North Anatolian Fault Deduced from Archeo-Damage Inventory and Building Deformation Modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 583-598
Author(s):  
Yacine Benjelloun ◽  
Julia de Sigoyer ◽  
Hélène Dessales ◽  
Laurent Baillet ◽  
Philippe Guéguen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
North Anatolian Fault ◽  
First Century ◽  
Building Vulnerability ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
The North ◽  
Seismicity Catalog ◽  
Quality Ranking ◽  
The City

Abstract The city of İznik (ancient Nicaea), located on the middle strand of the North Anatolian fault zone (MNAF), presents outstanding archeological monuments preserved from the Roman and Ottoman periods (first to fifteenth centuries A.D.), bearing deformations that can be linked to past seismic shaking. To constrain the date and intensity of these historical earthquakes, a systematic survey of earthquake archeological effects (EAEs) is carried out on the city’s damaged buildings. Each of the 235 EAEs found is given a quality ranking, and the corresponding damage is classified according to the European Macroseismic Scale 1998 (EMS-98). We show that the walls oriented north–south were preferentially damaged, and that most deformations are perpendicular to the walls’ axes. The date of postseismic repairs is constrained with available archeological data and new C14 dating of mortar charcoals. Three damage episodes are evidenced: (1) between the sixth and late eighth centuries, (2) between the nineth and late eleventh centuries A.D., and (3) after the late fourteenth century A.D. The repartition of damage as a function of building vulnerability points toward a global intensity VIII on the EMS-98. The 3D modeling of a deformed Roman obelisk shows that only earthquakes rupturing the MNAF can account for this deformation. Their magnitude can be bracketed between Mw 6 and 7. Our archeoseismological study complements the historical seismicity catalog and confirms paleoseismological data, suggesting several destructive earthquakes along the MNAF, since the first century A.D. We suggest the fault might still have accumulated enough stress to generate an Mw 7+ rupture.

scholarly journals Neotectonic activity and paleoseismological analysis in Eastern of Antioquia, in the vicinity of Medellin city - Colombia

2015 ◽  
pp. 5-19
Author(s):  
Albeiro De Jesús Rendón-Rivera ◽  
John Jairo Gallego-Montoya ◽  
Jenny Paola Jaramillo-Rendón ◽  
Adrián González-Patiño ◽  
José Humberto Caballero-Acosta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Small Surface ◽  
Neotectonic Activity ◽  
Neotectonic Deformation ◽  
Alluvial Terraces ◽  
Prehistoric Earthquakes

The aim of this investigation was the paleoseismological characterization of eastern Antioquia, using trenches analysis and detailed study of indicators of neotectonic activity, some of which had been reported in previous seismic hazard assessment studies of the Aburra Valley.Through techniques of neotectonic, paleoseismology and also age correlation of Quaternary deposits obtained by several authors, it was found at Alcaravanes site (Marinilla Town), evidences of three seismic events with magnitudes Mw 6.4, 6.6 and 6.5 which displaced recent deposits with maximum ages of 440,000, 37,000 and 8,000 years respectively. Likewise, two prehistoric earthquakes, both with magnitude Mw 6.5 were recognized at the Hamburgo site (Guarne Town), dated between 880,000 and 37,000 years respectively, which proves the existence and activity of La Mosca fault. Finally, the Manantiales site (Rionegro Town) revealed a couple of seismic events with magnitude Mw 6.7 and 6.6 that displaced alluvial terraces in Rio Negro basin with a maximum age of onset of neotectonic deformation of 880,000 years.Latest neotectonic findings change the perspective of seismic hazard in Medellin city and surroundings. Prehistoric earthquakes have occurred in the last million years and created small surface rupture and faulting not related with active mountain fronts. Furthermore, the evidence shows obliterated active faults and efficiency of erosion factors in modeling relief and alluvial fill in the basins of Rionegro Erosion Surface.

scholarly journals EVALUASI KERENTANAN GEDUNG REKTORAT STTNAS TERHADAP GEMPA BUMI BERDASARKAN ANALISIS MIKROTREMOR

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Rizqi Prastowo ◽  
Urip Nurwijayanto Prabowo
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Earthquake Occurrence ◽  
The North ◽  
Building Resilience ◽  
The City ◽  
East West

STTNAS building is a five floor building that located in the city o f Yogyakarta which is an area with a high intensity earthquake occurrence. The purpose o f this study is (1) determine the value o f the natural frequencies o f the building, (2) determine the index o f the resonance o f the building and (3) the vulnerability o f buildings to earthquakes. Research will be done by measuring the microtremor wave o f building STTNAS then analyzed using Spectral Floor Ratio (FSR). The analysis result is then compared with the classification defined in ISO 2002 on building resilience planning procedures earthquake. Fekuensi natural on the east-west component is 1.64 Hz and the north-south component is 1.644 Hz that is in conformity with the ISO 2002. Resonance Index o f building STTNAS is ranging from 31.00081 to 35.883% thus including the low category resonance during an earthquake. Building of STTNAS vulnerability index ranges are between 103,670.6191 to 82526.5357 with the highest value found on the 4th floor.

scholarly journals Understanding creative hubs : the agglomeration of creativity in Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Chen XiaoXuan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
District Level ◽  
Institutional Level ◽  
The North ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The City ◽  
East West

This paper conducts an unprecedented research that thoroughly defines the concept of creative hubs as an urban mechanism that emerges from the need of effectively leveraging local resources to better facilitate creative activities and ultimately improve local economics. Building a conceptual framework that articulates the three essential components (the 3Ps) of creative hubs: people, place and planning, this study further analyzes the creative-hub distribution in the city of Toronto. Using a mapping approach to illustrate how different creative hubs scatter, it is observed that there exist congregations of institutional-level and district-level creative hubs along the north-south and east-west direction respectively in the City of Toronto. Finally, a case study on Liberty Village is conducted to scrutinize how a creative hub achieve [sic] its functional value basing [sic] on its people, place, and planning policies.

scholarly journals Historical cities and earthquakes: Florence during the last nine centuries and evaluations of seismic hazard

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guidoboni ◽  
G. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
The City ◽  
Attenuation Laws

The authors' aim in the following study is to contribute to the assessment of the seismic hazard of historical cities. From this preliminary analysis the general characteristics of the seismicity affecting Florence and the evaluation of its seismic hazard may be deduced. Florence is a <<mythical>> city of world tourism, and its extraordinary artistic value and its ability to be utilized constitute a great economic resource. From this perspective, the authors have tackled some aspects of its urban features (demography and main building types, successive phases in the growth of the city, etc.), aimed at the pooling of information as a basis for further, more specific analyses of seismic risk. The study is based on a review of 131 seismic events of potential interest for the site of Florence from the 12th century. In the case of each of these earthquakes, it was possible to verify the real seismic effects sustained, and thus to assess the seismic intensity on the site. This also enabled the limits in the application of the standard attenuation laws of to be checked. Of all the earthquakes analyzed. those which caused the greatest effects on the urban area have also been identified: namely, the earthquake of 28 September 1453. and those of 18 May and 6 June 1895, both with Io=VIII MCS. From their overall analysis the authors have further extrapolated the necessary data to statistically evaluate the probabilities of any future earthquake occurring, according to intensity classes.

scholarly journals Modern displacement of active faults in South-Yakutian coal-bearing depression on the GPS data

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
V. S. Imaev ◽  
L. P. Imaeva ◽  
S. V. Аshurkov ◽  
N. N. Grib ◽  
I. I. Kolodeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Yakutia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Gps Observations

For a quantitative assessment of the current horizontal velocity of the surface displacement of the crust in southern Yakutia in recent years, was organized the first and only points of permanent GPS observations in the city of Neryungri (NRG) and the city of Chulman (CHL3). Both points of observation are located within the southern margin of the Eurasian plate, near the system of active structures separating it from the Amur plate. To estimate the relative displacement, the period of joint operation of these two GPS points was chosen, namely from June 29, 2015 to December 1, 2016. The rate of displacement of the point in Neryungri, calculated for a 5-year period (from 27.10.2011 to 01.10.2016), was 21.83±0.73 mm/year in the East-West direction and 12.26±0.25 mm/year in the North-South direction in the international reference basis ITRF2014. The obtained values differ slightly from the theoretical values of the velocity of the Eurasian lithospheric plate at the specified point. The difference of the measured velocities with velocities according to the known kinematic model of the Eurasian plate obtained in this paper is |0.5| mm/year for the Eastern component and |1.0| mm/year for the Northern one and corresponds to the assessment of other authors [Kreemer et al., 2014]. To improve the accuracy of determining the speed of horizontal displacements of the earth's crust at the station CHL3, it is necessary to continue measurements synchronous with the station NRG2.

scholarly journals Modern displacement of active faults in South-Yakutian coal-bearing depression on the GPS data

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-71
Author(s):  
V. S. Imaev ◽  
L. P. Imaeva ◽  
S. V. Аshurkov ◽  
N. N. Grib ◽  
I. I. Kolodeznikov
Keyword(s):  
Kinematic Model ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Relative Displacement ◽  
Eurasian Plate ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern Yakutia ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The City ◽  
Gps Observations

For a quantitative assessment of the current horizontal velocity of the surface displacement of the crust in southern Yakutia in recent years, was organized the first and only points of permanent GPS observations in the city of Neryungri (NRG) and the city of Chulman (CHL3). Both points of observation are located within the southern margin of the Eurasian plate, near the system of active structures separating it from the Amur plate. To estimate the relative displacement, the period of joint operation of these two GPS points was chosen, namely from June 29, 2015 to December 1, 2016. The rate of displacement of the point in Neryungri, calculated for a 5-year period (from 27.10.2011 to 01.10.2016), was 21.83±0.73 mm/year in the East-West direction and 12.26±0.25 mm/year in the North-South direction in the international reference basis ITRF2014. The obtained values differ slightly from the theoretical values of the velocity of the Eurasian lithospheric plate at the specified point. The difference of the measured velocities with velocities according to the known kinematic model of the Eurasian plate obtained in this paper is |0.5| mm/year for the Eastern component and |1.0| mm/year for the Northern one and corresponds to the assessment of other authors [Kreemer et al., 2014]. To improve the accuracy of determining the speed of horizontal displacements of the earth's crust at the station CHL3, it is necessary to continue measurements synchronous with the station NRG2.

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