scholarly journals Historical cities and earthquakes: Florence during the last nine centuries and evaluations of seismic hazard

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guidoboni ◽  
G. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Artistic Value ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Future Earthquake ◽  
The City ◽  
Attenuation Laws

The authors' aim in the following study is to contribute to the assessment of the seismic hazard of historical cities. From this preliminary analysis the general characteristics of the seismicity affecting Florence and the evaluation of its seismic hazard may be deduced. Florence is a <<mythical>> city of world tourism, and its extraordinary artistic value and its ability to be utilized constitute a great economic resource. From this perspective, the authors have tackled some aspects of its urban features (demography and main building types, successive phases in the growth of the city, etc.), aimed at the pooling of information as a basis for further, more specific analyses of seismic risk. The study is based on a review of 131 seismic events of potential interest for the site of Florence from the 12th century. In the case of each of these earthquakes, it was possible to verify the real seismic effects sustained, and thus to assess the seismic intensity on the site. This also enabled the limits in the application of the standard attenuation laws of to be checked. Of all the earthquakes analyzed. those which caused the greatest effects on the urban area have also been identified: namely, the earthquake of 28 September 1453. and those of 18 May and 6 June 1895, both with Io=VIII MCS. From their overall analysis the authors have further extrapolated the necessary data to statistically evaluate the probabilities of any future earthquake occurring, according to intensity classes.

scholarly journals Repeated historical earthquakes in Sousse, Monastir and El-Jem (Tunisia)—an archaeoseismological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Kázmér
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Segment Length ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
The North ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
The City ◽  
East West

AbstractTunisia is known of sparse and moderate earthquakes. However, there are seismically damaged historical buildings in the eastern Sahel region. The Roman amphitheatre of Thysdrus (modern El-Jem), various Islamic religious and secular buildings in Sousse and Monastir testify to seismic events with intensity up to IX (EMS98 scale). We raise the hypothesis that their destruction was caused by the nearby east-west Cherichira-Abaieh Fault and the north-south Monastir Fault. Simultaneity of the 859 AD Kairouan earthquake and extensive restoration works in Sousse 50 km to the east allow assessing magnitude up to 7.2 based on segment length. The city was hit both by the 859 AD and a post-1575 earthquake. Being nearby two active faults, seismic hazard in Sousse is higher than either in Kairouan or in Monastir.

scholarly journals Seismic effects of the strongest historical earthquak in the Syracuse area

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Boschi ◽  
E. Guidoboni ◽  
D. Mariotti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Descriptive Data ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
Local Seismic Response ◽  
Seismic Scenarios ◽  
The City ◽  
Attenuation Laws

The effects of earthquakes that occurred in a given area contribute significantly to the evaluation of to local seismic hazard. The information concerning historical earthquakes of the Mediterranean area covers many centuries, but the wealth of information made available by historical seismology does not appear to ha taken into account by engineering seismologists. By adopting "attenuation laws" based on data contained in the seismic catalogues, not only do we sometimes come up against the gross errors normally found jn logues, but we also lose sight of important details relating to the characteristics of urban seismic scenarios this paper we describe the results obtained from the analysis of seismic scenarios in Ortigia (old Syracuse this analysis we emphasized the qualitative and descriptive data to outline the "largest historical eve reassessed the data concerning five earthquakes that occuned in 1169,1542,1693,1757 and 1846, w reported by the Catalogue of Italian Earthquakes with an intensity greater than or equal to IX MCS epicentre of which was located within 50 km of the city. The last two of these earthquakes turned out t result of mistakes in the transmission of the news and have therefore been removed trom the list of de events. In addjtjon, we reconstructed the damage caused by the 1542 and 1693 earthquakes on a ma ancient town of Ortigia, taking into account the economic, demographic, and urbanistic conditions of t The empirical elements supplied to evaluate the local seismic response can also be of use in the preservation of historical buildings.

scholarly journals Built Heritage Attractions in Cultural Tourism: the case of Al - Mustansiriya Madrassa, Baghdad

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Huda Adil Abdulhameed Al-Obaidi ◽  
Osamah AbdulMunem Al-Tameemi
Keyword(s):  
Investment Project ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Economic Resource ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

This research deals with the subject of Built heritage attractions in Muslim historical building, for what it represents, as an element dealing with Cultural tourism, in the process of developing tourism industry of the city. The location of Mustansiriya Madrassa in Baghdad’s commercial district could make it a profitable investment project to revive a cultural, artistic and tourist centre that could make it a cultural Tourism haven. The problem emerges through, how the role of built heritage to attract tourists in order to give vitality and liveability to the cultural tourism destination such as Al - Mustansiriya Madrassa which is one of the most popular heritage destinations, a historic school building situated in the ancient Abbasid district of Rusafa in the very heart of Baghdad. Therefore, the research's aim is to shed light on the heritage attraction as a mean to clarify the meaning of Cultural Tourism and specifying its definition. This research explains how the built heritage plays an important role in tourism in general and in the cultural tourism in particular because they attract tourists and provides a sustainable economic resource through its inclusion of values that make it distinct from other sources of attraction.

scholarly journals A new catalogue of earthquakes in the historical Armenian area from antiquity to the 12th century

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Guidoboni ◽  
G. Traina
Keyword(s):  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Specific Nature ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
New Localities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Catalogue Of Earthquakes

The present contribution describes the method of work, the types of source materia] used, and the historio- graphical and historico-eismic tradition of Armenia. The catalogue' s territorial frame of reference is that of socalled historical Armenia (which included part of present Eastern Turkey, and part of present Azerbaijan). The sources belong to different languages and cultures: Armenian, Syriac, Greek, Arab, Persian and Georgian. A comparison of the local sources with those belonging to other cultures enab]es the historical and seismological I"adition of the Mediterl'anean to be "linked" with that of the Iranian p]ateau, traditionally considered as two separate areas. We analyzed historical events listed in the most recent catalogues of earthquakes in the Armenian area compiled by Kondorskaya and Shebalin (1982) and Karapetian (1991). Important and valuable though these catalogues are, they are in need of revision. We found evidence for six hitherto unrecorded seismic events. Numerous errors of dating and location have been corrected, and several new localities and seismic effects have been evidenced. Each modification of the previous catalogues has been documented on the hasis of the historiographical and literary sources and the data from the written sources have been linked with those concerning the history of Armenian cities and architecture (monasteries, churches, episcopal complexes). On the whole. the revised earthquakes seem underestimated in the previous catalogues. The aim of this catalogue is to make a contribution to the knowledge of historical seismicity in Armenia, and at the same time to underline the specific nature of the Armenian case, thus avoiding a procedure which has generally tended to place this area in a marginal position, within the wider field of other research on historical earthquakes.

scholarly journals Unexpected Faults: Managing Entomology Collections through the 2010/11 Canterbury Earthquakes

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e27268
Author(s):  
John Marris ◽  
Cor Vink
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Research Collection ◽  
Heritage Building ◽  
The City ◽  
Lincoln University ◽  
Storey Building

On 4 September 2010, a 7.1 magnitude earthquake struck near Darfield, 40 kilometres west of Christchurch, New Zealand. The quake caused significant damage to land and buildings nearby, with damage extending to Christchurch city. On 22 February 2011, a 6.3 magnitude earthquake struck Christchurch, causing extensive and significant damage across the city and with the loss of 185 lives. Years on from these events, occasional large aftershocks continue to shake the region. Two main entomological collections were situated within close proximity to the 2010/11 Canterbury earthquakes. The Lincoln University Entomology Research Collection, which is housed on the 5th floor of a 7 storey building, was 27.5 km from the 2010 Darfield earthquake epicentre. The Canterbury Museum Entomology Collection, which is housed in the basement of a multi-storeyed heritage building, was 10 km from the 2011 Christchurch earthquake epicentre. We discuss the impacts of the earthquakes on these collections, the causes of the damage to the specimens and facilities, and subsequent efforts that were made to prevent further damage in the event of future seismic events. We also discuss the wider need for preparedness against the risks posed by natural disasters and other catastrophic events.

scholarly journals STUDI KELAYAKAN THEME CENTER DI AREA PELABUHAN SUNDA KELAPA, JAKARTA UTARA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 2145
Author(s):  
Kelvin Aulia ◽  
Priyendiswara A.B. Priyendiswara ◽  
Liong Ju Tjung
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Market Analysis ◽  
Investment Analysis ◽  
Location Analysis ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
City Area ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
The City

Sunda Kelapa Harbor is a port located in Penjaringan Subdistrict, Penjaringan Village, North Jakarta, which was formerly called Kalapa Port in the 12th century and is the most important port of the Kingdom of Pajajaran. Then at the time of the entry of Islam and the invaders from Europe, the Port of Kalapa was contested between the Archipelago and European kingdoms. In 1970 after the Dutch succeeded in taking control of the area and around it made the port name of Kalapa transform into Sunda Kelapa Substitution. Considering that the Sunda Kelapa Port and the surrounding area are regions with high historical values, the issuance of the city area master plan is stated in the DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation No. 36 of 2014. The Governor's Regulation stipulates that the Sunda Kelapa Port will be developed into a historical tourism area and commercial facilities will be developed in it. The general objective of this study is to conduct a feasibility study on the development of commercial facilities in Sunda Kelapa Port. The feasibility study consists of location, legality, market and investment analysis. This writing places more emphasis on location analysis and market analysis that will show the potential of development to be carried out in a limited section of the mall. The results of this study are expected to provide input to those who will develop the project in the area of Sunda Kelapa Port precisely in the limited mall section with the concept center. AbstrakPelabuhan Sunda Kelapa merupakan pelabuhan yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Penjaringan, Kelurahan Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara yang dahulu bernama Pelabuhan Kalapa pada abad ke 12 dan merupakan pelabuhan terpenting Kerajaan Pajajaran. Kemudian pada masa masuknya Islam dan para Penjajah dari Eropa, Pelabuhan Kalapa diperebutkan antara kerajaan-kerajaan Nusantara dan Eropa. Pada tahun 1970 setelah Belanda berhasil menguasai daerah tersebut dan sekitarmya membuat nama pelabuhan Kalapa berubah menjadi Pelubahan Sunda Kelapa. Mengingat Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa dan daerah sekitarnya merupakan wilayah dengan nilai sejarah yang tinggi menyebabkan diterbitkannya rencana induk kawasan kota yang tertera pada Peraturan Gubernur DKI Jakarta No. 36 Tahun 2014. Peraturan Gubernur tersebut menetapkan Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa akan dikembangkan menjadi kawasan pariwisata sejarah dan akan dikembangkan fasilitas komersial di dalamnya. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan studi kelayakan pengembangan fasilitas komersial di Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa. Studi kelayakan tersebut terdiri dari analisis lokasi, legalitas, pasar dan investasi. Penulisan ini lebih menekankan pada analisis lokasi, analisis legalitas dan analisis pasar yang akan memperlihatkan potensi dari pengembangan yang akan dilakukan pada bagian mall terbatas. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi masukan kepada pihak yang akan melakukan pengembangan proyek di area Pelabuhan Sunda Kelapa tepatnya pada bagian mall terbatas dengan konsep Theme Center.

Long-term analysis of the Ionospheric-Total Electron Content (TEC) parameter for the detection of anomalous behaviours potentially related to seismic activity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Colonna ◽  
Carolina Filizzola ◽  
Nicola Genzano ◽  
Mariano Lisi ◽  
Nicola Pergola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Total Electron Content ◽  
International Workshop ◽  
Thermal Infrared ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Seismic Events ◽  
Electron Content ◽  
Total Electron

&lt;p&gt;In recent decades, many advances have been made on the study of the complex processes involved in the preparatory phases of earthquakes. Over time, different types of parameters (chemical, physical, biological, etc.) have been proposed as indicators of variability potentially related to this process. Among these, space weather parameters are assuming an increasingly important role due to their possible connection to the occurrence of strong and imminent earthquakes. The variations of the Total Electron Content (TEC) have been investigated as an indicator of the ionospheric status potentially affected by earthquake related phenomena.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to discriminate TEC variations related to normal ionospheric cycle as well as to non-terrestrial forcing phenomena (both mostly dominated by the solar cycle and activity) a key role is played by an in-depth and systematic analysis of multi-year historical data series.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this work, a multi-year (&gt;20 years) dataset of TEC measurements recorded by the GPS satellite constellation, was analysed using a modified InterQuartile Range (IQR; Liu et al., 2004) method in order to identify anomalous TEC transients. A correlation analysis was performed with seismic events (M&amp;#8805;4) occurred in Italy in between 2000-2020 considering all the period both in presence and in absence of seismic events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The results obtained are discussed and compared with the results achieved through an independent RST analysis (Robust Satellite Techniques; Tramutoli, 1998; 2007) carried out on the Earth&amp;#8217;s Thermal Infrared Radiation (TIR) parameter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Both methodologies, while using a different approach, aim to discriminate anomalous signals from normal fluctuations of the signal itself related to other causes (e.g. meteorological, geographical, etc.) independent on the earthquake occurrence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The joint analysis of the results obtained by the two parameters, TEC and TIR, is carried out in order to evaluate how and to what extent a multi-parametric approach can improve (compared with a single parameter approach) Time-Dependent Assessment of Seismic Hazard (T-DASH; Genzano et al., 2020; 2021) in the short-medium term.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;References&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, M. Lisi, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2020), Toward the development of a multi parametric system for a short-term assessment of the seismic hazard in Italy, Ann. Geophys, 63, 5, PA550, doi:10.4401/ag-8227.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Genzano, N., C. Filizzola, K. Hattori, N. Pergola, and V. Tramutoli (2021), Statistical correlation analysis between thermal infrared anomalies observed from MTSATs and large earthquakes occurred in Japan (2005 - 2015), Journal of Geophysics Research &amp;#8211; Solid Earth, doi: 10.1029/2020JB020108 (accepted).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Liu, J. Y., Chuo, Y. J., Shan, S. J., Tsai, Y. B., Chen, Y. I., Pulinets, S. A., and Yu, S. B. (2004): Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS TEC measurements, Ann. Geophys., 22, 1585&amp;#8211;1593, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-1585-2004.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tramutoli, V. (1998), Robust AVHRR Techniques (RAT) for Environmental Monitoring: theory and applications, in Proceedings of SPIE, vol. 3496, edited by E. Zilioli, pp. 101&amp;#8211;113, doi: 10.1117/12.332714&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tramutoli, V. (2007), Robust Satellite Techniques (RST) for Natural and Environmental Hazards Monitoring and Mitigation: Theory and Applications, in 2007 International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images, pp. 1&amp;#8211;6, IEEE. doi: 10.1109/MULTITEMP.2007.4293057&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Porfido ◽  
Giuliana Alessio ◽  
Germana Gaudiosi ◽  
Rosa Nappi
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Seismic Hazards ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Esi Scale ◽  
Earthquake Environmental Effects

The application of the Environmental Seismic Intensity (ESI) scale 2007 to moderate and strong earthquakes, in different geological context all over the word, highlights the importance of Earthquake Environmental Effects (EEEs) for the assessment of seismic hazards. This Special Issue “New Perspectives in the Definition/Evaluation of Seismic Hazard through Analysis of the Environmental Effects Induced by Earthquakes” presents a collection of scientific contributions that provide a sample of the state-of-the-art in this field. Moreover the collected papers also analyze new data produced with multi-disciplinary and innovative methods essential for development of new seismic hazard models.

scholarly journals Intensity Reassessment of the 2017 Pohang Earthquake Mw = 5.4 (South Korea) Using ESI-07 Scale

Geosciences ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 471
Author(s):  
Sambit Prasanajit Naik ◽  
Ohsang Gwon ◽  
Sabina Porfido ◽  
Kiwoong Park ◽  
Kwangmin Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Seismic Intensity ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Intensity Scale ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Epicentral Area

The earthquake environmental effects (EEEs) around the epicentral area of the Pohang earthquake (Mw-5.4) that occurred on 15 November 2017 have been collected and classified using the Environmental Seismic Intensity Scale (ESI-07 scale) proposed by the International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) focus group. The shallow-focus 15 November Pohang earthquake did not produce any surface rupture, but caused extensive secondary environmental effects and damage to life-line structures. This earthquake was one of the most damaging earthquakes during the instrumental seismic era of the Korean Peninsula. The EEEs included extensive liquefaction, ground cracks, ground settlement, localized rockfall, and variation of the water table. The main objective of this paper was to carry forward a comparative assessment of the Pohang earthquake’s intensity based on traditional macroseismic scales and the ESI-07 scale. With that objective, this study will also make a substantial contribution to any future revision of the ESI-07 scale, which mostly comprises case studies from Europe and South America. The comparison of the ESI-07 scale with traditional intensity scales similar to the intensity scale used by the Korean Meteorological Administration for the epicentral areas showed 1–2-degree differences in intensity. Moreover, the ESI scale provided a clearer picture of the intensity around the epicentral area, which is mostly agricultural land with a lack of urban units or buildings. This study urges the integration of the traditional and ESI-07 scale for such small magnitude earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula as well as around the world in future. This will predict seismic intensity more precisely and hence provide a more-effective seismic hazard estimation, particularly in areas of low seismic activity. The present study will also provide a useful and reliable tool for the seismic hazard assessment of similar earthquakes around the study area and land-use planning at a local scale considering the secondary effects.

scholarly journals Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of Kolkata City, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1103-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Nath ◽  
M. D. Adhikari ◽  
N. Devaraj ◽  
S. K. Maiti
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Building Typology ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Structural Risk ◽  
Risk Maps ◽  
The City

Abstract. The city of Kolkata is one of the most urbanized and densely populated regions in the world and a major industrial and commercial hub of the eastern and northeastern region of India. In order to classify the seismic risk zones of Kolkata we used seismic hazard exposures on the vulnerability components, namely land use/land cover, population density, building typology, age and height. We microzoned seismic hazard of the city by integrating seismological, geological and geotechnical themes in GIS, which in turn are integrated with the vulnerability components in a logic-tree framework for the estimation of both the socioeconomic and structural risk of the city. In both the risk maps, three broad zones have been demarcated as "severe", "high" and "moderate". There had also been a risk-free zone in the city that is termed as "low". The damage distribution in the city due to the 1934 Bihar–Nepal earthquake of Mw = 8.1 matches satisfactorily well with the demarcated risk regime. The design horizontal seismic coefficients for the city have been worked out for all the fundamental periods that indicate suitability for "A", "B" and "C" type of structures. The cumulative damage probabilities in terms of "none", "slight", "moderate", "extensive" and "complete" have also been assessed for the predominantly four model building types viz. RM2L, RM2M, URML and URMM for each seismic structural risk zone in the city. Both the seismic hazard and risk maps are expected to play vital roles in the earthquake-inflicted disaster mitigation and management of the city of Kolkata.

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