A Comparison of Physical, Chemical, Biological and Combined Treatments for Detoxification of Free Gossypol in Crushed Whole Cottonseed

Author(s):  
Clemente Batista Soares Neto ◽  
Aparecido Almeida Conceição ◽  
Taísa Godoy Gomes ◽  
Jose Antonio de Aquino Ribeiro ◽  
Raquel Bombarda Campanha ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Ismartoyo ◽  
T. Acamovic ◽  
C.S. Stewart

Gossypol ﹛2,2'-bi(8-Formyl-l,6,7 trihydroxy-5-isopropyl-3-methyl naphthalene)﹜ is a toxic polyphenolic factor indigenous to the cotton plant. Concentrations of free gossypol contained in such feed stuffs as whole cottonseed (WCS) vary considerably. WCS is fed widely to animals. Free gossypol is extractable with aceton-water (70:30) and is toxic to monogastric animals. Bound gossypol has been considered relatively non-toxic. Calhoun et al (1991) has demonstrated there was extensive binding of free gossypol in ruminant digestive system. But they did not support the suggestion that bound gossypol is released during digestion in the small intestine. The present experiment examined the effect of gossypol on the rumen microbial degradation of grass hay (GH) under CBC. In sacco rumen digestion was also conducted to examine DM, CP and ADF digestibilities of grass hay and whole cottonseed at 48 h.


EFSA Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Helle Katrine Knutsen ◽  
Lars Barregård ◽  
Margherita Bignami ◽  
Beat Brüschweiler ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1076
Author(s):  
V.S. Gomes ◽  
S.B. Mano ◽  
M.Q. Freitas ◽  
M.D. Santos ◽  
C.A. Conte Júnior ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Sensory and instrumental analyses evaluated the meat and fat characteristics of feedlot-finished steers fed a diet containing cottonseed. Global impression, texture, meat color, and fat color were assessed. Thirty Nellore bulls with an average age of 30 ± 6 months and initial body weight of 382.7 ± 28.4kg were kept in feedlot stalls and fed the following cottonseed levels: 0; 2.22 %; 4.44 %; 6.66 %; 8.88 %; 11.11 % of the dietary dry matter. The cottonseed used in this experiment had an average free gossypol content of 4.5g/kg of cottonseed. The overall impression of the samples, assessed by the triangle test for difference, did not differ for more than 62 % of the panelists (P>0.01). The shear strength of roasted meat varied from 6.00 to 6.54kg. According to texture profile analysis (TPA), the hardness, springiness, and chewiness of roast meat ranged from 24.15 to 28.01 N, 0.52 to 0.56, 8.42 to 11.01 N, respectively; of raw meat, 9.51 to 13.86 N, 0.26 to 0.29, and 1.38 to 1.81 N, respectively. The different treatments did not affect meat texture, meat color, or fat color (P>0.05). Meat color, luminosity, and red intensity ranged from 37.71 to 42.85, 20.68 to 25.25, and 6.74 to 8.61, respectively; fat color, luminosity, and yellow intensity ranged from 62.26 to 63.78, 11.13 to 11.62, and 10.53 to 10.86, respectively. Cottonseed intake of up to 1.13kg/animal/day, equivalent to a free gossypol intake of 5.05g/animal/day, in place of soybean meal and ground corn, did not significantly change the global sensory impression, texture, and color of the meat and fat.


AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Kang Wang ◽  
Yan-Lu Wang ◽  
Wen-Juan Li ◽  
Qi-Chao Wu ◽  
Kai-Lun Yang ◽  
...  

AbstractRegarding whole cottonseed (WCS), cottonseed meal (CSM), and cottonseed hull (CSH), in situ rumen incubation was applied to determine their nutrient and gossypol degradation characteristics and bacterial colonization profile in lactating Holstein cows. Nylon bags containing the cotton by-products were incubated for 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h in the rumen, respectively. The relationship between nutrient degradability and free gossypol (FG) content were examined, and the differences in the composition and inferred gene function of the colonized microbiota were studied. As a result, CSM presented highest effective degradability of dry matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre, but the highest effective degradability of crude protein was found in WCS. Free gossypol disappearance rate increased significantly in the first 6 h, and it reached approximately 94% at 72 h of incubation among all samples. The level of FG did not affect nutrient degradability of cotton by-products. Significant differences were noted in attached bacterial community structure among cotton by-products after 24 h rumen incubation. Among the most abundant taxa at genus level, a greater abundance of Cercis gigantea and Succiniclasticum was observed in WCS samples, whereas the CSH and CSM samples contained a greater proportion of Prevotella 1 and Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group. The redundancy analysis revealed that the level of neutral detergent fibre, ether extract, and FG in cotton by-products were significantly positive related with the composition of the attached bacteria. Collectively, our results revealed the dynamics of degradation characteristics, and the difference in the composition of bacterial colonization. These findings are of importance for the targeted improvement of cotton by-products nutrient use efficiency in ruminants and further understanding of the gossypol degradation mechanism in the rumen.


Author(s):  
Henry S. Slayter

Electron microscopic methods have been applied increasingly during the past fifteen years, to problems in structural molecular biology. Used in conjunction with physical chemical methods and/or Fourier methods of analysis, they constitute powerful tools for determining sizes, shapes and modes of aggregation of biopolymers with molecular weights greater than 50, 000. However, the application of the e.m. to the determination of very fine structure approaching the limit of instrumental resolving power in biological systems has not been productive, due to various difficulties such as the destructive effects of dehydration, damage to the specimen by the electron beam, and lack of adequate and specific contrast. One of the most satisfactory methods for contrasting individual macromolecules involves the deposition of heavy metal vapor upon the specimen. We have investigated this process, and present here what we believe to be the more important considerations for optimizing it. Results of the application of these methods to several biological systems including muscle proteins, fibrinogen, ribosomes and chromatin will be discussed.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 435-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addy Pross

Despite the considerable advances in molecular biology over the past several decades, the nature of the physical–chemical process by which inanimate matter become transformed into simplest life remains elusive. In this review, we describe recent advances in a relatively new area of chemistry, systems chemistry, which attempts to uncover the physical–chemical principles underlying that remarkable transformation. A significant development has been the discovery that within the space of chemical potentiality there exists a largely unexplored kinetic domain which could be termed dynamic kinetic chemistry. Our analysis suggests that all biological systems and associated sub-systems belong to this distinct domain, thereby facilitating the placement of biological systems within a coherent physical/chemical framework. That discovery offers new insights into the origin of life process, as well as opening the door toward the preparation of active materials able to self-heal, adapt to environmental changes, even communicate, mimicking what transpires routinely in the biological world. The road to simplest proto-life appears to be opening up.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SULASMI ANGGO

The Analysis of physical chemical from dara shells (Anadara granosa) origin from Kayutanyo, kab. Banggai, has been conducted.Dara shell meat is sleaned and dried and after that powered with blender. Determine % rendement, water bonding capacity and index water solubility with Anderson method, coarse fat content with gravimetric method and carbohydrate method with “bye difference” decrease method.The result of analysis showed rendement value is 24,35%, water bonding capacity is 1,6248 gram/ml, index water solubility is 0,202 gram/ml, water content is 79,0045%, total dust content is 1,072%, coarse protein content is 2,25%, coarse fat content is 8,47%, carbohydrate content is 9,2035%. Keyword : Dara shells, (Anadara granosa), analysis physical chemical


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