Genetic variability and heritability of agronomic traits in a wheat collection used in southern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Catanio Fernandes ◽  
Carlos Busanello ◽  
Vívian Ebeling Viana ◽  
Eduardo Venske ◽  
Victoria Freitas de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Southern Brazil

ANÁLISE PRELIMINAR DE GERMOPLASMA DE VARIEDADES CRIOULAS DE MILHO DO SUL DO BRASIL

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUÍS CARLOS VIEIRA ◽  
JOSE FERNANDES BARBOSA-NETO ◽  
MIGUEL PEDRO GUERRA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Zea May ◽  
Maize Landraces ◽  
Different Populations

RESUMO - O desenvolvimento de genótipos de milho com adaptação à região sul do Brasil requer a identificação de variabilidade genética, assim sendo, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar variedades crioulas de milho coletadas no estado de Santa Catarina e verificar sua possível contribuição para programas de melhoramento genético. No total foram avaliados 42 genótipos de milho para 33 caracteres fenotípicos e 16 microsatélites. A análise de variância sugeriu a presença de variabilidade genética em 17 dos 24 caracteres quantitativos avaliados, indicando que as populações testadas poderiam contribuir efetivamente para o melhoramento genético do milho no sul do Brasil. De maneira geral, as variedades crioulas exibiam grãos dentados ou semi-dentados de coloração amarela, branca ou laranja. A estatura de planta e a inserção da primeira espiga foram elevadas e o comportamento médio de produtividade de grãos das variedades crioulas foi de 2709 kg/ha, sendo baixo na comparação com variedades melhoradas. As populações analisadas não representam contribuição importante em termos de produtividade de grãos, mas podem fornecer alelos para o melhoramento de diversos caracteres agronômicos de importância para a cultura do milho no sul do Brasil.Palavras-chave: Variabilidade genética, Caracteres morfológicos, Marcadores moleculares, Zea mays.PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF MAIZE LANDRACES GERMPLASM FROM SOUTHERN BRAZILABSTRACT - Genotype development for Southern Brazil requires identification of genetic variability. The objective of this study was to characterize maize landraces collected in Santa Catarina State and to assess its possible contribution to plant breeding programs. A total of 42 maize genotypes was evaluated for 33 phenotypic traits and 16 microsatellites. Analysis of variance suggested the presence of genetic variability in 17 of the 24 quantitative traits evaluated, indicating that the populations tested could effectively contribute for the genetic improvement of maize in southern Brazil. In general, the landraces exhibited dent or semi-dent yellow, white or orange grains. Plant height and first ear insertion were high and the average grain yield was 2709 kg/ha, which is low when compared to improved varieties. The different populations may not have important contribution in terms of grain yield, but they may provide alleles for the adjustment of several agronomic traits of corn in southern Brazil. Keywords: Genetic variability, Morphological traits, Molecular markers, Zea may.

scholarly journals Evaluating the genetic variability of rubber hybrid progenies of the two crosses PB260 x RO44/71 and PB260 x RO62/54 by RAPD technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Thien Minh Nguyen ◽  
Tien Thi My Pham
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Polymorphic Bands

The agronomic values of this population have been evaluated in the field experiments based on their phenotypic performance of agronomic traits, but the genetic variability of this population needs to be evaluated via techniques based on genetic material - DNA. In this study, the genetic variability in the investigated population of 71 hybrids and their parents was evaluated by RAPD technique, using eight selected arbitrarily primers; Genetic parameters and dendrogram expressing the genetic relationships among the investigated population were analyzed by GenALEx 6.1, Popgene 1.31 and NTSYSpc 2.1 softwares. Eight primers were used to generate the amplify products on each individual in the investigated population. From 74 genotypes, a total of 109 fragments were generated, among which, there were 89 polymorphic bands representing 81.65% with an average of 11 polymorphic bands/primer. Genetic similarity coefficient among the investigated population, based on DICE coefficient, ranged from 0.560 (LH05/0822 and PB260) to 0.991 (LH05/0781 and LH05/0841) with an average of 0,796, meaning that the genetic distance among ranged from 0.009 to 0.440 with an average of 0.231. The Shannon index and mean heterozygosity values were 0.328 and 0,176, respectively. This indicated that the progenies of the two investigated crosses possessed a relatively high range of genetic variability. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that genetic variation within population represented 62%, while genetic variation among two different crosses contributes 38% to the total genetic variability. Dendrogram based on DICE’s genetic similarity using UPGMA method showed that the hybrids divide into two major genetic groups (0.75), but the crosses were scattered independently of the hybrid.

scholarly journals Selección para calidad fisiológica de la semilla y rendimiento en líneas S2 derivadas de cuatro poblaciones tropicales de maíz (Zea mays L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Enrique Navarro ◽  
Cristina Vega ◽  
Fernando Narváez ◽  
Hugo Córdova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Flower Plant ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

This study was carried out in 1993 to evaluate S2 lines from four maize tropical populations improved by reciprocal recurrent selection. These lines were evaluated under field and laboratory conditions, the latter one to determine physiology quality. The main goal was to measure genetic variability within and among populations for traits such as grain yield, vigor and germination and to select the best lines under field and laboratory conditions. The combined analysis of variance showed great genetic variability among the S2 lines within and among populations for grain yield, days to flower, plant and ear height, among others. The maximum genetic variability was observed on the lines from population 43 and pool 23 for most of the traits, although the latter showed a greater genetic variability for grain yield. Besides, it is important to mention that the above populations included the best genotypes for grain yield, germination and vigor. Taking into account the above mentionel agronomic traits, fifteen lines were selected; 2 belong to population 43* pool 20, 2 from pool 19* pool 23, 8 from population 43, and 3 from pool 23. These results confirm the genetic superiority of the lines from populations 43 and pool 23, so that these populations should be recommended for future genetic improvement by reciprocal recurrent procedures.

Genetic Variability for Yield and Other Agronomic Traits in Sweet Potato

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engida Tsegaye . ◽  
Nigussie Dechassa . ◽  
E.V. Devakara Sastry .
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Agronomic Traits

scholarly journals Genetic variability and social structure of colonies in Acromyrmex heyeri and A. striatus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 667-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. DIEHI ◽  
A. M. de ARAÚJO ◽  
S. CAVALLI-MOLINA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Genotypic Diversity ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Nuptial Flight ◽  
The Social ◽  
Leaf Cutting

The breeding structure of both colony and population of social insects can be examined by genetic analysis. Colonies of the leaf-cutting ants Acromyrmex heyeri and A. striatus (Myrmicinae, Attini) were thus analyzed for isoenzyme systems MDH, a-GPDH, and AMY to describe genotype variability and social structure. A total of five loci were investigated (three for amylase and one for each other system). Ninety-seven colonies of A. heyeri and 103 of A. striatus were sampled in different localities in Southern Brazil (State of Rio Grande do Sul). The genotypes found show the occurrence of monogyny and polygyny associated or not with polyandry, which indicates that the social organization is colony-specific. The polygyny and polyandry observed are likely to be responsible for the great genotypic diversity of the colonies. The average inbreeding coefficient per colony was higher in A. striatus than in A. heyeri, which may reflect the different patterns of production of sexual individuals and nuptial flight of those two species.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of diverse promising rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutants using physical and chemical mutagens

OCL ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souhail Channaoui ◽  
Mostapha Labhilili ◽  
Mohamed Mouhib ◽  
Hamid Mazouz ◽  
Mohamed El Fechtali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Chemical Mutagens ◽  
Plant Breeding Program ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Genetic variability is a prerequisite for any plant breeding program, and mutagenesis is a proven way of creating new variation within a crop germplasm. Novel genetic variability in rapeseed was induced by gamma rays, Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and combined mutagen treatment, using various doses and concentrations. The objective was to evaluate and compare the obtained M2 mutants for important quantitative traits in two contrasted environments. Data on phenological, morphological and agronomic parameters were recorded. A large variability was observed and mutagenic treatments had a significant effect on all traits studied. Compared to control plants, mutant genotypes derived from seeds treated with low EMS concentrations during moderate time were earlier and characterized by a higher number of pods per plant. For high concentration of EMS during long time and for combinations of physical and chemical mutagens, a significant decrease in plant height and stature was noticed, as compared to control. Besides, plants derived from gamma rays-treated seeds exhibited the highest 1000-seed weight. The novel induced variability may be integrated in rapeseed breeding program as a new germplasm with improved agronomic traits. Particularly, EMS1-7-stable mutant may be exploited to develop efficiently and quickly a new rapeseed cultivar with some desirable traits. The present study highlights once more the possibility to bring novel genetic diversity for rapeseed desirable traits improvement through mutation breeding.

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