Response of Gazania Plants (Gazania Splendens L.) to Seaweed Extract (Tecamin Algae) and Nano Stimulator (Proteck CalBor)

The study was conducted in the lath house of the Department of the Horticulture and Landscape - College of Agriculture during the growing season of 2020-2021 inGazania plants, in order to study the effect of ground addition of marine algae extract (Tecamin Algae) at concentrations (0, 2 and 4 ml L-1), symbolized by (A0, A1 and A2) respectively, and spraying with the nanostimulator (Proteck CalBor) manufactured according to nanotechnology in concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1 ml L-1) and it has a symbol (B0, B1 and B2). The results showed that the treatments of adding the extract (Tecamin Algae), especially at concentration A2 (4 ml L-1) contributed to achieving the best results for all vegetative and flowering growth traits (plant height, number of leaves, vegetative dry weight, number of offsprings, leaf content of chlorophyll, total carbohydrates content of leaves, number of flowers, flower fresh weight, flower diameter, flower peduncle length), they were (13.65 cm, 34.64 leaf plant-1, 6.38 g, 7.72 offspring plant-1, 10.94 mg g-1, 7.44%, 5.56 flower plant-1, 2.26 g, 6.08 cm and 9.75 cm), respectively. A Spraying with nano stimulator (Proteck CalBor) achieved significant effect, especially B2 (1 ml L-1) concentration, that gave the highest values for the traits (plant height, vegetative dry weight, number of off springs, leaf content of chlorophyll, total carbohydrates content of leaves, number of flowers, flower fresh weight and flower diameter), they were (13.38 cm, 6.47 g, 7.48 offspring plant-1, 10.61 mg g-1, 7.49%, 5.40 flower plant-1, 2.41 g and 6.40 cm), respectively.

The Effect of the Growing Media and Planting Distances on the Growth and Yield of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) Grown in Plastic Tubes

This study is conducted in the unheated greenhouse of the Department of Horticulture and Landscape - College of Agriculture - Tikrit University during the two seasons 2020-2021. It aims to know the effect of growth medium and planting distances on growth and yield of three varieties of strawberry with a diameter of 6 inches. The study includes three factors, the first factor is media at three levels which are the loamy soil only, the loamy soil + peat moss and peat moss only, The second factor is planting distances which include three distances, 15, 20 and 25 cm between one plant and another, The third factor is the varieties which include three varieties, namely Camarosa, Sweet Charlie and Ruby gem. The experiment is implemented by designing randomized complete sectors according to the split-split plot design with three replicates, each replicate containing three tubes with a diameter of 6 inches, length of each tube 6 meters and each tube containing three experimental units. Thus, each replicate contains 9 experimental units with a length of 2 meters, the growth medium was set in the main plots and the planting distances in the sub-plots, while the cultivars took the sub-sub-plots The most important results can be summarized as follows: Peat moss is significantly superior in the characteristics of average number of leaves, leaf area, average number of flowers, total soluble solids, and total acidity, amounting to 21.95 leaf plant-1, 753.6 cm2, 20.22 flower plant-1, 9.119 and 1.335%, respectively. Ruby gem variety significantly outperformed in the characteristics of average number of leaves, leaf area, average number of flowers, and total soluble solids percentage, amounting to 19.65 leaf plant-1, 594.6 cm2, 20.22 flower plant-1 and 8.537%, respectively; while the verities have not differed significantly among themselves in the total acidity ratio. The distance D3 is significantly superior in the average number of leaves and leaf area, amounting to 18.73 leaf plant-1, 577.2 cm2. On the other hand, the distance D2 is superior in the two characteristics, namely the average number of flowers and the percentage of total soluble solids amounting to 19.70 flower plant-1 and 8.156%, while no significant differences are observed in the characteristic of the total acidity percentage.

Multi-environment QTL analysis delineates a major locus associated with homoeologous exchanges for water-use efficiency and seed yield in allopolyploid Brassica napus

Canola varieties exhibit discernible variation in drought avoidance and drought escape traits, suggesting its adaptation to water-deficit environments. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. A doubled haploid (DH) population was analysed to identify QTL associated with water use efficiency (WUE) related traits. Based on the resequenced parental genome data, we developed sequence-capture based markers for fine mapping. mRNA-Seq was performed to determine the expression of candidate genes underlying QTL for carbon isotope discrimination (DELTA 13C). QTL contributing to main and QTL x Environment interaction effects for Δ13C and for agronomic WUE were identified. One multi-trait QTL for DELTA 13C, days to flower, plant height and seed yield was identified on chromosome A09, in the vicinity of ERECTA. Interestingly, this QTL region was overlapped with a homoeologous exchange event (HE), suggesting its association with the major QTL. Transcriptome analysis revealed several differentially expressed genes between parental lines, including in HE regions. This study provides insights into the complexity of WUE related genes in the context of canola adaptation to water-deficit conditions. Our results suggest that alleles for high DELTA 13C contribute positively to canola yield. Genetic and genomic resources developed herein could be utilised to make genetic gains for improving canola WUE.

SISTEM AGRIBISNIS TANAMAN HIAS BUNGA (Adenium, Anggrek, dan Mawar) DI KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG

This study aims to analyze the process of procuring production facilities in accordance with the right six (on time, place, quality, quantity, type, and price), farm performance, the marketing efficiency of the agribusiness system, and the supporting institutions for ornamental flower agribusiness systems at Lampung. This study uses a survey method conducted in the city of Bandar Lampung, namely in Gunung Terang, Gunung Agung and in the Way Halim Permai. Sampling in this study was sixteen respondents taken using a quota sampling technique. Data collection was carried out in September - October 2019. The results showed that the procurement of production facilities of ornamental flower plant farming had fulfilled the right six. Ornamental flower farming in Bandar Lampung is feasible to be cultivated because in farming it has an R / C ratio> 1, that is, the R / C over the total cost of 1.70 of adenium flowers, 2.00 of orchids, and 1.60 of roses. The three ornamental flower plants studied have a profit margin ratio of more than 1 which is 1.41 of the adenium flower, 1.80 of the orchid flower, and 1.81 of the rose flower, which means that the ornamental flower farmers in Bandar Lampung receives profits and no loss. Supporting institutions in the flower plant agribusiness system at the research location are financial institutions, namely banks as financing and borrowing funds, government policies, and transportation. All these supporting institutions are available but have not been used optimally by farmers.Key words: agribusiness system, R/C, profit margin ratio

"The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels and Planting Dates on Some Growth Traits and Yield of the )Quinoa Plant (Chenopodium quinoa Wild"

"A field experiment was carried out in Basra governorate, Zubair district, Burjisiya area (20) km southwest of the governorate during the winter agricultural season 2019-2020 with the aim of studying the effect of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer with four dates for agriculture and was as follows in succession (0,60,120,180) kg Nh-1 agriculture date (1/10, 15/10,1/11and 15/11) and the symbols (D1, D2, D3, D4) applied the experiment in a working-class experiment method using the design of the entire random sectors (R.C.B.D.) and three replications. Black quinoa callana inia 420 seeds were planted in poor and marginal sandy soils irrigated with well water (EC = 9.50ds m-1) and Ph = 7.54. The results showed that the levels of nitrogen fertilization differed morally among themselves in most of the qualities studied, the level (N3) has exceeded the level of the total seed product, the number of days of agriculture to 50% is flower, plant height, leaf area and number of inflorescences in the plant in increments (74.91 days 1011.02 kg h-1, 48.65 cm, 1877.05 cm2, 403.69 seed Inflorescence -1) in sequence compared to the comparison (N0) Agricultural dates have shown moral differences for the qualities studied, as the first date (D1) exceeds most of the qualities studied such as the characteristic of the total seed product, the height of the plant and the leaf area and the number of inflorescences in the plant and increases in the amount of (85.83days, 1139.69 kg h-1,51.33 cm, 3098.43 cm2, 490.05seed inflorescences-1) In succession compared to the rest of the dates, the effect of the overlap between the level of fertilization and the dates morally in most qualities has recorded the combination (N3 x D1) the highest average of the total seed yield and the height of the plant and the leaf area which reached 3264.0.4 kg h1,61.37 cm, 3264.04 cm2) respectively"

Effect of phospho-compost and phosphate laundered sludge combined or not with endomycorrhizal inoculum on the growth and yield of tomato plants under greenhouse conditions

The study aims to evaluate the effect of endomycorrhizal inoculum (arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi), phospho-compost and phosphate sludge in single (M, PC, PS) or dual combinations (PC+M, PS+M, PS+PC) compared to agricultural and Mamora soils (A and S) on the growth, flowering, and yield of tomato plants. Among the studied treatments, the substrates containing 5% of phospho-compost combined with endomycorrhizal inoculum (PC+M) gave the most positive effect followed by phospho-compost (PC) and endomycorrhizal inoculum (M). In response to PC+M substrate, tomato plant height, the number of leaves and flowers attained 90 cm, 30, and 25, respectively. In substrates PC and M, tomato plants showed a height of 85 and 75 cm, leaves number of 30 and 19 leave/plant and number of flowers of 21, and 19 flower/plant. An optimal yield with (12 fruits/plant) was recorded in tomato plants grown on the substrate amended with bio-inoculant (AMF) and phospho-compost at a rate of 5%. In terms of qualitative parameters, the highest fresh and dry weight of aerial plant parts and root system were recorded in tomato plants grown in culture substrate incorporating 10 g of endomycorrhizal inoculum and 5% of phospho-compost reaching respectively103.4 g, 34 g 90.1 g, 28.9 g as compared to 87, 51, 23 and 24.1 g noted by tomato plants on the substrate with phospho-compost (5%) (PC). The highest mycorrhization parameters (frequency (F), intensity of mycorrhization (M), average arbuscular content (A), average vesicular content (V), average intraradicular spore content (S)) were found in the roots of tomato plants growing on substrates amended with 5% phospho-compost plus 10 g of endomycorrhizal inoculum, with percentages of 100% F, 61% M, 40.67% A, 18.36% V, and 56.9% S.

Growth and Yield of Squash Influenced by Leaf Pruning and Gibberellic Acid (GA3)

The experiment was conducted at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University's Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka-1207, to determine the effect of pruning and GA3 on squash growth and yield over the period from November 2017 to February 2018 Three levels of pruning as P0 = No pruning (control), P1 = 1st pruning at 20 DAT (1st and 2nd leaves) and P2 = 2nd pruning at 30 DAT (3rd and 4th leaves) and four levels of GA3foliar application as G0 = No GA3 (control), G1 = 100 ppm GA3, G2 = 200 ppm GA3 and G3 = 400 ppm GA3 considered for the present study. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Considering growth parameters, pruning treatment had a significant effect on growth, yield contributing parameters and yield of squash except for stem base diameter and individual fruit weight. Regarding GA3 treatments, growth and yield parameters were significantly influenced except fruit diameter. In terms of the combined effect of pruning and GA3 treatments, all the studied growth and yield parameters were significantly influenced. The highest stem length (64.73 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (23.59), stem base diameter (2.09 cm), number of male flower plant-1 (8.69), number of female flower plant-1 (7.52), total number of fruits plant-1 (5.74), fruit length (22.42 cm), fruit diameter (6.15 cm), individual fruit weight (507.66 g), dry weight of fruit (6.61%), weight of fruits plant-1 (2914.33 g) and fruit yield ha-1 (29.14 t) were also found from the treatment combination of P1G1 compared to the other treatment combination. Hence, we can summarize that 1st pruning at 20 DAT (1st and 2nd leaves) with 100 ppm GA3 given the maximum output in terms of yield compared to other treatments.

Morphological performances of BINA soybean 6 (Glycine max) at several salinity stress concentrations in coastal region of Bangladesh

A pot experiment was conducted from 2019 to 2020 at Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU), Noakhali, Bangladesh, to investigate the morphological performances of BINA Soybean-6 under various saline conditions. Salinity is a widespread problem responsible for limiting the productivity of oilseed crops and soybean cultivars differ in their sensitivity to soil salinity. The research material was BINA Soybean-6 collected from the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh. There were five treatments of salinity viz., T0 (distilled water), T1 (50mMNaCl), T2 (100mMNaCl), T3 (150mMNaCl) and T4 (200mMNaCl) were used in the experiment in which distilled water was used as control. Latin Square Design (LSD) with three replications was used in this experiment. In the present study, BINA Soybean 6 showed a significant variation in the contributing parameters. The experimental parameters used during the experiment were germination percentage and duration, height of plants (cm), number of branches/plant, number of leaves/plant, number of flowers/plant, number of pods/plant, length of pods (cm), seeds/pod, and length of root (cm). The highest germination percentage (83.33%) was observed in control (T0) condition while germination percentage was suppressed under T4 treatment i.e. 200mMNaCl concentration. Germination percentages were gradually decreased with the increase of salinity level. The highest plant height (34.22 cm), number of branch plant-1 (3.44), leaf number plant-1 (13.56), number of flower plant-1 (24.33), pod number plant-1 (21.22), seeds pod-1 (3.33), length of pod (5.44 cm) and root length (15.89 cm) were obtained at control (T0) condition. It was observed that the parameters were diminished gradually with the rising of salinity levels compared to the treatment T0 (Control).

Genotypic potentiality and selection index of ridge gourd (Luffa acutangula L.)

Fifteen ridge gourd genotypes were investigated to select the superior genotypes. The overall analysis reveals that PCV was higher than GCV for all the traits. Significant variation was found among genotypes for the qualitative traits under divergence analysis. The selection index reveals that maximum genetic gain and relative efficiency over selection for yield was obtained for the index I123 based on yield/plant (g), No. of secondary branch, No. of male flower/plant characters. In the presented functions, selection index I1234 and I12345 showed highest relative efficiency over direct selection and genetic gain when all the characters were included to construct the selection index. On the basis of performance, the genotype-3023 was found to be most promising parent in order to develop a commercial ridge gourd variety.