Granular matrix-based knowledge reductions of formal fuzzy contexts

The diffusive properties of mesophilic methanogenic granular sludge have been studied using diffusion analysis by relaxation time separated pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (DARTS PFG NMR) spectroscopy. NMR measurements were performed at 22°C with 10 ml granular sludge at a magnetic field strength of 0.5 T (20 MHz resonance frequency for protons). Spin-spin relaxation (T2) time measurements indicate that three 1H populations can be distinguished in methanogenic granular sludge beds, corresponding to water in three different environments. The T2 relaxation time measurements clearly differentiate the extragranular water (T2 ≈ 1000 ms) from the water present in the granular matrix (T2 = 40-100 ms) and bacterial cell associated water (T2 = 10-15 ms). Self-diffusion coefficient measurements at 22°C of the different 1H-water populations as the tracer show that methanogenic granular sludge does not contain one unique diffusion coefficient. The observed distribution of self-diffusion coefficients varies between 1.1 × 10−9 m2/s (bacterial cell associated water) and 2.1 × 10−9 m2/s (matrix associated water).

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THE FINE STRUCTURE OF ACANTHAMOEBA CASTELLANII (NEFF STRAIN)

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.41.3.786 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 786-805 ◽

Cited By ~ 153

Author(s):

Blair Bowers ◽

Edward D. Korn

Keyword(s):

Golgi Complex ◽

Cyst Wall ◽

Matrix Material ◽

Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Amorphous Layer ◽

Wall Structure ◽

Weight Protein ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Mature Cyst

Encysting cells of Acanthamoeba castellanii, Neff strain, have been examined with the electron microscope. The wall structure and cytoplasmic changes during encystment are described. The cyst wall is composed of two major layers: a laminar, fibrous exocyst with a variable amount of matrix material, and an endocyst of fine fibrils in a granular matrix. The two layers are normally separated by a space except where they form opercula in the center of ostioles (exits for excysting amebae). An additional amorphous layer is probably present between the wall and the protoplast in the mature cyst. Early in encystment the Golgi complex is enlarged and contains a densely staining material that appears to contribute to wall formation. Vacuoles containing cytoplasmic debris (autolysosomes) are present in encysting cells and the contents of some of the vacuoles are deposited in the developing cyst wall. Lamellate bodies develop in the mitochondria and appear in the cytoplasm. Several changes are associated with the mitochondrial intracristate granule. The nucleus releases small buds into the cytoplasm, and the nucleolus decreases to less than half its original volume. The cytoplasm increases in electron density and its volume is reduced by about 80%. The water expulsion vesicle is the only cellular compartment without dense content in the mature cyst. The volume fractions of lipid droplets, Golgi complex, mitochondria, digestive vacuoles, and autolysosomes have been determined at different stages of encystment by stereological analysis of electron micrographs. By chemical analyses, dry weight, protein, phospholipid, and glycogen are lower and neutral lipid is higher in the mature cyst than in the trophozoite.

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Peroxisomes in pulmonate gastropods.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/25.5.864236 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 319-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E Dannen ◽

M E Beard

Keyword(s):

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Acid Phosphatase ◽

Positive Reaction ◽

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Positive Staining ◽

Staining Reaction ◽

Arion Ater ◽

Morphologic Characteristics ◽

Granular Matrix

Organelles with the morphologic characteristics of peroxisomes have been found in the cells of the kidney sac of two terrestrial pulmonate gastropods. Arion ater and Ariolimax columbianus. These peroxisomes appear in profile as circles or ellipses, 0.25 micron in diameter and 0.3-0.8 micron long; They have a finely granular matrix and a single-limiting membrane; the organelles are extensively associated with smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Some Ariolimax peroxisomes contained structures reminiscent of nucleoids while those of Arion did not. The peroxisomes of Arion ater show a strongly-positive staining reaction with the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine technique, which is inhibited in the presence of aminotriazole. Peroxisomes of Ariolimax columbianus did not show a positive reaction, despite a number of variations of the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine protocol. Speculations are made concerning the biochemical reasons for this cytochemical behavior. Peroxisomes in both tissues were negatively stained while lysosomes were positively stained in acid-phosphatase incubations.

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A new endoconidial black meristematic genus, Atramixtia, associated with declining white spruce and phylogenetically allied to a lineage of dothidealean conifer pathogens

Botany ◽

10.1139/b11-019 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 89 (5) ◽

pp. 323-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Tsuneda ◽

M.L. Davey ◽

R.S. Currah

Keyword(s):

Plant Tissue ◽

Picea Glauca ◽

White Spruce ◽

Natural Substrate ◽

Dividing Cells ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Phylogenetic Affinities

An endoconidial, black meristematic taxon Atramixtia arboricola gen. et. sp. nov. (Dothideales) from the black subicula found on twigs of declining white spruce, Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, in Alberta is described. It is morphologically distinguishable from other endoconidial taxa by the conidioma composed of clumps of endoconidial conidiogenous cells, scattered meristematically dividing cells, dematiaceous hyphae, abundant brown, granular matrix materials, and sometimes plant tissue. Endoconidia also occur in conidiogenous cellular clumps that are not organized into a conidioma but develop directly from stromatic cells on the bark. In culture, it forms similar endoconidial conidiomata and also a mycelial, blastic synanamorph that superficially resembles Hormonema . Atramixtia arboricola is a member of the Dothideales and shows phylogenetic affinities to a clade of conifer-stem and -needle pathogens, including Sydowia and Delphinella , although no teleomorph was found either on the natural substrate or in culture. It has not been determined whether A. arboricola is pathogenic to its host, but the occurrence of abundant intracellular hyphae in the host periderm suggests that the fungus is at least parasitic.

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Dependence of Granular Matrix Demagnetizing Factor on the Matrix Relative Size

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1083.32 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1083 ◽

pp. 32-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alexander Sandulyak ◽

Anna Sandulyak ◽

Petr Shkatov

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Permeability ◽

Relative Size ◽

Dramatic Effect ◽

Comparative Estimate ◽

Magnetic Filter ◽

Wide Range ◽

Demagnetizing Factor ◽

The Matrix ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Operating Units

We note that for a wide range of porous, especially granular, ferromagnetics used as matrices of magnetic filter-separators, there is still an issue of defining their demagnetizing factor N which has a dramatic effect on the values of average magnetic permeability of these operating units of filter-separators. The work aims at filling the existent gaps in the issue, we supply N values depending on the relative size of such magnets as well as a respective generalizing phenomenological dependence which is characterized by an exponential realtion between the demagnetizing factor and relative size radical. The established relation allows obtaining real values of magnetic permeability of a short filter matrix thus providing an unbiased comparative estimate of its technological workability.

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An ultrastructural and cytochemical study of microbodies in the genus Nitella (Characeae)

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b73-263 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 2025-2032 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

B. A. Silverberg ◽

T. Sawa

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Assay ◽

The Body ◽

Cytochemical Localization ◽

Cytochemical Study ◽

Spherical Inclusions ◽

Complete Digestion ◽

Assay Methods ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Available Information

Electron microscopy of the cells of the characean alga Nitella flexilis revealed the presence of numerous spherical inclusions which morphologically resemble plant microbodies. The structures have a dense granular matrix and are bounded by a single membrane. Many of the microbodies contain very electron-dense nucleoids that were shown to be alpha-amylase sensitive. In cells of the young apex, microbodies are the most abundant cellular organelle and are intimately associated with dilated cisternae of the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, and with large osmiophilic lipid bodies. Although the microbody population appears reduced in mature branchlet cells and internode cells of the main axis, they exhibit a characteristic and frequent association with the chloroplasts. Turnover of microbodies involves some autolytic degradation of the body matrix until complete digestion presumably occurs. Developmental changes of microbodies were monitored with the cytochemical localization of lysosomal aryl sulfatase and acid phosphatase activities. The current study is of interest since catalase, an enzyme marker of microbodies in a variety of tissues, could not be detected using both cytochemical and enzyme assay methods. The functional role of microbodies in Nitella cells is explored in relation to presently available information.

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The ultrastructure of Methanothrix concilii, a mesophilic aceticlastic methanogen

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m86-128 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 32 (9) ◽

pp. 703-710 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Terry J. Beveridge ◽

Girish B. Patel ◽

Bob J. Harris ◽

G. Dennis Sprott

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Plasma Membrane ◽

Circular Plates ◽

A Cell ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

A Chain ◽

The Individual

Methanothrix concilii strain GP6 consists of a chain of rod-shaped cells, ca. 2.5 μm in length and 0.8 μm in width, which are encased in a tubular proteinaceous sheath. The sheath is composed of annular hoops, ca. 8.0 nm wide and 9.0 nm thick, which are stacked together to form the tube. The ends of the sheath, and therefore the cell filament, are blocked by single, multilayered, 13.5 nm thick, circular plates, designated as "spacer plugs," which contain a series of concentric rings; these also separate the individual cells within each filament. Each cell is therefore bounded by a tubular section of sheath and two spacer plugs. Completely encapsulating each cell, and lying between the sheath and cell, is an amorphous granular matrix. Overlying the plasma membrane and surrounding each protoplast is a thin veil of material which resembles a cell wall, but which is unable to maintain the rod shape when cells are extruded from the sheath.

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Non-epileptic myoclonus and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x1989000300016 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 346-351

Author(s):

A. Cukiert ◽

F. G. M. Naylor ◽

H. B. Scapolan ◽

M. M. Vilela ◽

F. S. Aloe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Background Activity ◽

Clonic Seizure ◽

Tonic Clonic Seizure ◽

Basement Membranes ◽

Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy ◽

Muscular Weakness ◽

Eeg Data ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Optic Discs ◽

Cerebellar Symptoms

Two brothers presented to us with a progressive myoclonic syndrome with slight cerebellar symptoms. Neurological examination disclosed moderate cerebellar signs and pale optic discs; asymmetric, asynchronous and arhythmic myoclonus, an arthresthesic deficit and no muscular weakness. EEG background activity was moderately slow with no irritative discharges. CT was normal in both cases, Intermitent photic stimulation increased the frequency of the myoclonic jerks, which became bilateral and synchronous, progressing to a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. EPs and MRI in one case were normal. Anticonvulsant drugs were ineffective. The diagnosis of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy was based on the finding, in muscle specimens, of thickened basement membranes with myofibrillary degeneration and increased number of mitochondria peripherally distributed and with a dense granular matrix and some vacuoles. The clinical and EEG data suggest a. subcortical origin for this type of myoclonic syndrome.

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Filtration model of high gradient magnetic filters with granular matrix

Powder Technology ◽

10.1016/s0032-5910(99)00071-6 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 106 (3) ◽

pp. 176-182 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

S. Herdem ◽

T. Abbasov ◽

M. Köksal

Keyword(s):

High Gradient ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Filtration Model

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The structure of cytoplasm in directly frozen cultured cells. I. Filamentous meshworks and the cytoplasmic ground substance.

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.99.5.1655 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 1655-1668 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

P C Bridgman ◽

T S Reese

Keyword(s):

Cultured Cells ◽

Ground Substance ◽

Ice Crystal ◽

Improved Method ◽

Intact Cells ◽

Cultured Fibroblasts ◽

Cytoplasmic Proteins ◽

Granular Matrix ◽

Cytoplasmic Ground Substance ◽

Xenopus Laevis Embryos

Cultured fibroblasts or epithelial cells derived from Xenopus laevis embryos were directly frozen, freeze-substituted by an improved method, and then either critical-point-dried and viewed as whole mounts, or embedded and thin sectioned. In thin regions of these cells, where ice crystal artifacts are absent, the cytoplasm consisted of a dense, highly interconnected meshwork of filaments, embedded in a finely granular ground substance. The meshwork in directly frozen, intact cells was compared with that in cells that were lysed (physically, with detergents, or with filipin), or fixed with glutaraldehyde before freezing. Although filaments tended to be less numerous in lysed cells, their overall organization was the same as that in intact cells. However, fixation with glutaraldehyde before freezing distorted the meshwork to variable degrees depending on the osmolarity of the fixation buffer, and also obscured the granular ground substance which is obvious in directly frozen cells. With optimal preparative methods, the cytoplasm of these directly frozen cells is shown to consist of a cytoskeleton composed of discrete interwoven filaments interconnected by numerous finer filaments and a readily extractable granular matrix which presumably represents aggregations of cytoplasmic proteins.

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